"Ju Yun" gossip dictionary (miscellaneous) author Ape Man 911

I have always read Tan Sitong's desperate poem "Inscription wall in prison" with a tragic mood: "Look at the door to stop thinking about Zhang Jian, and endure death to treat Dugan." I smiled at the sky with a horizontal knife and went to leave the liver and gallbladder for two kunluns. He has also never forgotten his words: "All countries that change the law are made up of bloodshed, and today China has not heard of anyone who bleeds because of the change of law, and the reason why this country is not prosperous." If so, please start with the same heir. ”

　　 Salvation is a hope to survive, righteousness is awe-inspiring, and death is regarded as a homecoming. The backbone of China, the big husband should be so.

　　 Don't discuss Xiucai's rebellion for three years, don't talk about the empress dowager party struggle at the end of the Qing Dynasty, and don't want to scold Yuan Shikai for despicable betrayal... Cough, the failure of the pentagram is inevitable. I just want to talk about the use of this poem by Tan Sitong. Love House and Uma.

　　 The ancients wrote poetry and composition commonly used classics. The usage code is also known as "using things". Allusions, classic stories, it often contains vivid historical and cultural content. The author's use of dictionaries in his own words can play a role in conciseness, drawing people's associations, and deepening the theme.

　　 For example, two sentences in the poem: "Look at the door to stop thinking about Zhang Jian, endure death and wait for Dugan." ”

　　 Zhang Jian, a native of Gaoping at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was straightforward, and because of the impeachment of the eunuch Hou Lan, he was accused of "forming a party" and was forced to flee, and in the process of fleeing, all the families who accepted him to stay were not afraid of involvement and were willing to receive them. See Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Biography of Zhang Jian.

　　 Endure Death: Pretend to die. Sue: Not for long. DuGen: At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Empress Deng was the regent and eunuch of the Han Dynasty, and when emperor An of Han wrote to ask the empress dowager to return the government, the empress dowager was furious and ordered people to fall to their deaths in sacks, and the executioner Mu Dugen was a man, and did not use force, and wanted to wait for him to leave the palace and release him. The empress dowager was suspicious and sent someone to investigate, and when she saw the maggots in Dugan's eyes, she believed in his death. Dugan was finally able to get rid of it. See The Book of the Later Han Dynasty.

　　 Tan Sitong could think of Zhang Jian and DuGan in prison, which showed his historical skills. The "usage codes" in these two places express Tan Sitong's urgent wishes: at this point, I have decided to die, and I hope that Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao, who have fled, can be protected by people like Zhang Jian. I also hope that my comrades-in-arms can endure death and escape like Dugan and wait for the opportunity to complete the great cause of changing the law and restoring the new.

　　 The beauty of the use of the canon is that "resignation is abundant, and things are near and far away".

　　 For example, in Li Shangyin's poem "Jinse", "Zhuang Zhou Mengdi" and "Wangdi Huajuan" language.

　　 For example, Li Shangyin's "Untitled" sentence: "Jia Shi peeped at the curtain Han Shuo Shao, and Concubine Mi left a pillow wei Wang Cai." ”

　　 For another example, Wang Wei's poem "Lianchuan Idle Residence Gives Pei Xiucaidi" "The sun sets on the rest of the head, and there is lonely smoke in the ruins." Compound value received public opinion drunk, singing wildly before five willows. ”

　　 "Receiving public opinion" is a Chu people in the Spring and Autumn Period, who are good at nurturing, pretending to be crazy, and not going out to become officials. Wang Wei here uses the analogy of receiving public opinion to Pei Di. "Five Willows" refers to Tao Yuanming. Tao Yuanming, also known as Mr. Wuliu, abandoned the official, did not bend his waist for the five buckets of rice, and returned to Xi, "picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, leisurely seeing the South Mountain". The poet compares himself to "Tao Yuanming". Reading this, you must have seen two transcendent, drunken and crazy people, vivid.

　　 Some people say that good poets are better than talent, and great poets fight for the realm. A certain degree of knowledge is available, the knowledge is insufficient, and you can also rely on more books at home. Li Shangyin composed poems that are easy to use, Li Shangyin composed poems known as "otter sacrifice fish" (Note), it is said that when he wrote poems, he would open the books on the table one by one and search for allusions that could be used. Therefore, it is not clear whether he is a scholar or a lot of books at home.

　　 Speaking of "Zhang Jian", I think of Kong Rong. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he was an official, a famous scholar, and a literary scholar, and the twentieth grandson of Confucius. Kong Rong four years old let pear. He was later killed by Cao Cao.

　　 Another thing is recorded in the "Book of Later Han and the Biography of Kong Rong", which is quite interesting: (Zhang) Jian (escaped) died in Yu Bao (Kong Rong's brother Kong Bao, Kong Bao and Zhang Jian were friends in the same window), did not meet. Shi Rong was twenty-six (twelve years old), frugal and did not tell (seeing that Kong Rong was too young to tell himself). Seeing that he was embarrassed, he said, "Although my brother is outside, I can't be evil for the monarch?" Because of the stay. After the incident was leaked, below the minister of state (within the territory of the whole country), the secret was covered up, and the thrift was escaped, and then he received praise and was sent to prison. The two did not know where they were sitting. Rong Yue: "Bao Na She,Rong Ye, sit on it." He said, "He has come to ask me, not for the fault of his brother, please be free to his sins." The official asked his mother, who said, "The head of the family, the concubine should be his wife (I am the head of the family, and I should be responsible for it)." "A fight for death, the county doubts can not be decided, but it is a superior." (Emperor Xiandi of Han) even sat on the throne (Dingkong praise is guilty). Rongyu is famous (since then Kong Rong's reputation has become famous).

　　 The Book of Later Han records Kong Rong's death: Cao Cao was both jealous, and Xi Huan (Xi Wei, Kong Rong's enemy) reverted to his crime, so he ordered the Xiang army to sacrifice lu Zhi (路宷), Kong Rong's colleague), and played Rong In vain:

　　 Shaofu Kong Rong, once in the North Sea, saw that the royal family was not quiet (turmoil), and recruited disciples, wanted to discipline the wrongdoing, Yun "After my great sage, and see the destruction of the Song, there is a world, why should the golden sword (metaphor for the emperor surnamed Liu should not sit in the world)". and with Sun Quan's envoys, slandering the imperial court. Also, melt into nine columns, do not obey the imperial ceremony, bald towel (without hat) micro-line, Tang Tu Gong Ye (chaotic intrusion into the harem). And before the white-clothed You Heng fell and said, Yun "The Father is to the Son, what kind of relatives should he have?" In its original meaning, it is actually the ear of lust. The son is to the mother, and the son is also reverent? For example, in the middle of the hermitage, out is out of the way." And with You heng more praise (praise each other). Heng Zhi Rong: "Zhongni does not die." Rong replied: "Yan Huisheng." "Great rebellion is not righteous, and it is advisable to be extremely harsh."

　　 Book playing, going to prison and abandoning the city. He was fifty-six. Both wives and children were cursed. There is a story of "there is a finished egg under the nest".

　　 Kong Rong was killed by Cao Cao in the name of filial piety. I have never believed that Kong Rong can say such an unfilial "parents are unkind" remark.

　　 Far from it... Continue with the "usage code".

　　 The dictionary is not "dropping the book bag". Xin abandons the disease is a master of using the codex, casually picked up, for my use, "take the wine glass of others, pour the block of their own heart."

　　 Xin abandoned the disease as "Yong Yu Le • Jingkou Beiguting Huaigu" Lyrics:

　　 "Throughout the ages, the hero has no place for Sun Zhong. Dance hall song stage, the wind is always blown, the rain blows away. Slanting grass trees, ordinary alleys and strange, humane slaves once lived. Think of that year, Jinge iron horse, swallowed like a tiger.

　　 Yuan Jia Cao Cao, sealed the wolf Juxu, won the Canghuang Beigu. Forty-three years, looking at the middle of the memory, Beacon Yangzhou Road. Looking back, under the Buddha's Shrine, a sacred crow club drum. By who asks, honest and old, can you still eat? ”

　　 "Sending slaves" is an allusion; "sealing the wolf" is an allusion. "Buddha Fox" is an allusion, and "Still able to eat or not" is an allusion: Lian Po, a famous general of the Zhao State during the Warring States period. The "Chronicle of Lian Po Lin Xiang Ru Lie" records that after Lian Po was dismissed from his post, he ran to the State of Wei, and the King of Zhao wanted to use him again, sending people to see his physical condition, and Lian Po's enemy Guo Kai bribed the emissary, and the emissary saw Lian Po, Lian Po was a bucket of rice, ten pounds of meat, and was put on a horse to show that he was still available. The emissary returned to report to King Zhao, saying, "Although General Lianpo is old and still good at eating, he sits with his subjects, and three of them are left behind. "One meal and three relics (testament: diarrhea), the King of Zhao thought that Lian was old, so he did not use it.

　　 What makes the poet even more distressed is that "can look back, under the Buddha's Beaver Temple, a piece of divine crow society drum", the Buddha fox is the small name of Tuoba Tao, the emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty built by the Xianbei tribe. In the twenty-seventh year of Yuan Jia (450), he led an army to counterattack Liu Song, and in two months, the soldiers marched south, from the north bank of the Yellow River all the way to the north bank of the Yangtze River. On the north bank of the Yangtze River, He built his own palace on Guabu Mountain, which was later the Buddha Fox Shrine. Today, it has been seven or eight hundred years since the Southern Song Dynasty, but now it is "a piece of divine crows and drums", the people of the Southern Song Dynasty worship him as a god, and the Song people worship the ancestors of others, without knowing that it was once the palace of foreign emperors. This sentence also alludes to the previous sentence, "Yuan Jia grass grass, seal the wolf Juxu, win the emperor Beigu"

　　 Now that the Jin people have invaded the south, the same is full of flames, and the Central Plains have fallen, but they can look back! The last question is: "Honest and old, can you still eat?" "The poet looks up to the sky and sighs, the hero has no way to serve the country!" Pain, sorrow! When I was a teenager, I read Xin Ren Disease, and I had the Jiaxuan Ci. Of course, in the end, Xin abandoned the extravagance and depravity of the disease, that is the last word.

　　 The Song Dynasty Li Ji's "Ancient and Modern Poetry" said:

　　 "The use of poetry (the use of scriptures) should be like salt in the water, and the diet is to know the taste of salt, which is also said to be the secret of the poet." Du Shaoling's poems, such as "The sound of the five drums and horns is tragic, and the shadow of the Three Gorges Galaxy is shaken", people see ling's creation work, and they don't know what to do. ”

　　 Ouyang Xiu filled in the words: "Youth Tour • Wing Chun Cao":

　　 "The twelve columns are alone in spring, and the blue is far away from the clouds." Thousands of miles, February and March, the line is sad.

　　 Xie Jia Chi Shang, The River Flooded Pool, Yin Luo and Departing Soul. That can be a raindrop at dusk. More specifically, remember the king and grandson. ”

　　 Ouyang Xiu wrote about spring grass, and there was not a single word "grass" in the whole article, and a sentence "Xie Jia Chi, the river flooded the pool" but exhausted the "spring cold grass".

　　 Xie Jia Chi Shang, referring to the story of Xie Ling's operation of poetry:

　　 Xie Lingyun admired the talents of his brother Xie Huilian, tasted the poetry of Yongjia Xitang, and suddenly dreamed of Huilian, that is, he said: "Spring grass grows in the pond." (Nanshi Huilian Biography)

　　 Jiang Flood pu bank, from the river flood "Don't Give", there is a sentence: "Spring grass is blue, spring water is muddy, send Jun Nanpu, the wound is as it is!" ”

　　

　　 Note: Otter sacrifice fish. Otters like to eat fish and often arrange what they catch on the shore, which from the eyes of ancient Chinese looks like offerings for sacrifice. So it's called an otter sacrifice fish or an otter sacrifice. In the "Five General Chronicles", it is said: "Tang Li Shangyin was a writer, read more books and histories, and stacked around the scales, which was sometimes called an otter sacrifice fish." ”