In the Poetry Circle of Huzhou in the Qing Dynasty, many influential poets were produced, the largest number of which was the Zhang family, but the longest and most influential was the "Nanxun Poetry School".
Nanxun Town, Huzhou City, is located in the south of Taihu Lake, surrounded by rivers and lakes, from the Southern Song Dynasty began to operate here, to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the reputation of the increasingly prosperous, became one of the largest trading places of Silk in Huzhou, to the end of the Qing Dynasty when the early Ming Dynasty reached its peak, produced the "four elephants, eight cattle and seventy-two golden dogs" saying.
Nanxun had a glorious and cruel history in the early Qing Dynasty. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, there was a patriotic poet Fang Wen who wrote a poem "Nanxun Sigh", which can be said to be a very vivid introduction to the terroir and typical historical events of Nanxun at that time, he wrote:
Nanxun a village as a county, goods Yuntun merchant Jia Ben. The son of the rich in the middle is the envy of millions of people. Millions of dollars are a curse, and the film flies like a floating aero. Pifu is innocent of sin, and he can mourn as much as he can.
Although the poem is not very good and the popularity is not high, this poem vividly tells the wealth of Nanxun in the Qing Dynasty, and also points out a shocking text prison case!
Nanxun in the Qing Dynasty, has China's largest group of silk merchants, north and south silk exchanges, countless wealth rolled in, has been prosperous until the fall of the Qing Dynasty, later, also won the "Huzhou a city, less than half a town in Nanxun" reputation, Fang Wen's first two poems, it pointed out this feature, a village is richer than a county town elsewhere.
The last two couplets pointed out the "Zhuang Shi Case" (or "Ming Shi Case") of the first literal prison in Jiangnan in the early Qing Dynasty.
When Huzhou Nanxun was rich, many big businessmen chose to let their children study, strong financial resources, naturally have good educational resources, so near Nanxun, there are many high-ranking officials and nobles, there are "nine miles and three pavilions old, ten miles and two Shangshu" saying. At that time, Zhu Guozhen, a university scholar who was one of the three elders of the late Ming Dynasty, collected what he had seen and heard in his life, read through the history books, wrote a book "Outline of History", and left behind an unpublished "Biography of the Courtiers of the Dynasty".
Zhuang Tingxin was blind since childhood, but he studied hard, wanted to inherit the deeds of "Zuo Qiu was blind, and had Chinese", and regarded himself as a blind history, because the wealth of the family was amazing, and it was not difficult to recruit talents, so they jointly supplemented and revised this "Biography of the Courtiers of the Dynasty" and renamed it "Ming Shu", but it was not yet published, Zhuang Tingxin died young, and his father found someone to publish this book in order to make his son flow for hundreds of years.
However, it should not be, in the book "History of Ming", a lot of Zhu Guozhen's ideological tendencies are retained, and he is standing on the position of the remnants of the country, which is naturally not allowed by the rulers at such a sensitive time in the early Qing Dynasty, and once discovered, the consequences can be imagined.
There was a county commander Wu Zhirong, who was dismissed for corruption, knew that the Zhuang family was extremely rich, and wanted to extort a sum before leaving, but after being refused, he held a grudge in his heart, and when he happened to see the book "History of Ming", he had a poisonous plan, and sued him for the crime of slandering the imperial court, which was naturally a big thing.
Wu Zhirong and Zhuang Yuncheng in the film and television drama
Zhuang Yuncheng hurried up and down to dot, only to be suppressed, he was not at ease, with his own strong wealth, the book was recycled, re-revised some inappropriate places, and then published, and when Wu Zhirong looked again, he actually changed his appearance, and Wu Zhirong, who was not ambitious, took the first edition of the "History of Ming" all the way to the capital.
At this moment, the imperial court was shocked and sent someone to investigate the case. In the end, Zhuang Yuncheng was arrested and imprisoned, died in prison, although Zhuang Tingxin died early, he was also punished by the opening of the coffin, the Zhuang family and the Zhu family were all killed, and even all the book stall vendors who bought and sold the "History of Ming" and the literati and inkers who had read the "History of Ming" were all affected, and this case involved as many as more than seven hundred people, causing countless families to die.
After the Zhuang shishi case occurred, everyone in Jiangnan was in danger, and the literary and historical circles were stagnant, and it was silent for many years before there was a little vitality.
Of course, this literal prison is not aimed at Nanxun, but only a means for the Qing rulers to strengthen their dominance and suppress ideas. Therefore, on the nanxun poetry altar, there are also patriotic poets like Huang Zhouxing, Chen Chen, Dong Shuo and so on. Among them, the only one who can form a poetry school is the Dong family.
Since the Dong family said that since Dong Said, among the descendants and nephews, there are many famous poets, such as Dong Qiao, Dong Qi, Dong Shuxuan, Dong Hao, Dong Lingqian, etc., their poems, each with its own characteristics, had a certain influence at that time, such as an excerpt from a poem by Dong Ling that pre-described the suffering of peasants, as follows:
Looking forward to the rain, the suburbs are sunny every day. No clouds leave a line, there are dreams to three more. Dare to hope for Tuotuo foot, difficult period Linlin light. The farmers sighed and the orange mallets sounded.
In fact, the reason why the Nanxun poetry school can develop and grow, and talents are born, and the Dong family has been an official for generations, because the prosperity of the family can bring a certain status and social prestige in the local area, and later although the family road has slightly declined, but the imperial examination has been continuous, and then there is, the Dong family has a better literary literacy, poets are born, can be described as a scholarly door.
Of course, after the late Qing Dynasty, the Nanxun Dong family began to decline, and in its place, it was the Nanxun Liu family, which became the head of the four elephants of Nanxun in The Liu Yong generation, and the wealth of the family, tens of thousands, was really rich and invincible. Liu Yong's second son, Liu Jinzao, is not only a business magnate, but also a famous poet in the modern poetry circle of Huzhou, and can be said to be the inheritor of the Nanxun poetry school.
Liu Jinzao was once a soldier, his family was extremely rich, and his residence in Nanxun Xiaolianzhuang is still there, which is a must-visit place for all visitors to Nanxun Ancient Town. Of course, although Liu Jinzao was the heir of the Nanxun poetry school, his poetic style was already very different from that of the Dong family.
Portrait of Liu Jinzao
The most distinctive of Liu Jinzao's poems is that they are extremely patriotic. He has ideals, ambitions, wants to contribute to the country but his ambition is difficult to reward, he has the motherland in his heart, practicing the attitude of "there will be death in life at a hundred years old, heavy or light and heavy or light on Taishan", worrying about the country and the people, which is admirable.
For example, he wrote bitterly when he learned of the signing of the Treaty of Xinugu:
Rambling Liang Dunhua Bingge, Sable Chuanxing Chi Edict and Peace. Tiger eagle phosphorus fang weak food, sparrow rat digging Nai decadent wave. Chipping went so far as to say that zhuya was abandoned, and there were many red ridges in the mutual market. The new pavilion at dusk is in despair, and it is difficult to look at the mountains and rivers.
The first couplet of this poem satirizes Cixi's begging for peace with imperialism, and the middle two depict the imperialists' coveting of China's land, the Qing government's internal and external difficulties, and the poet's incomparable sorrow, and the feelings of worry about the country and the people embodied in the poem are admirable.
In addition, Liu Jinzao's poems also have many descriptions of Nanxun's terroir, showing his love and praise for the land of Nanxun, and one of the poems "Spring Festival Gala Walk" wrote:
The rain blooms new green, and the wind blows barley yellow. Flat and floating wild color, ancient trees leak oblique sun. Cuckoo village call, silk reeling household busy. After Zheng Wuxian technique, Dali only nongsang.
The poem highlights the attributes of Nanxun Silk Town, describes the beautiful scenery of Nanxun, and expresses sympathy and love for the farmers.
Of course, in addition to the relative prosperity of the Dong and Liu families in Nanxun, there were also some other poets, such as Fan Kai, Wen Rijian and others. This also shows that Nanxun is really a poetic place.
In modern times, Mr. Xu Chi, a famous poet and translator in China, was born in Nanxun Town, his childhood and youth were spent here, and Xu Chi, after becoming an adult, once used 66 "crystal crystals" to depict his hometown in a poetic language in "Jiangnan Town", strongly expressing his love for Nanxun, he said:
"This crystal town, the reflection of the crystal crystal, reflects the world of this crystal crystal!" This is, ah! This is my crystal crystal home! ”
Crystal Nanxun, with crystal crystal poetry and culture, although the Nanxun poetry school has not left a strong stroke in history, but also lit up a touch of stars for the poetry world, so that Nanxun this small place, precipitated more gentle and poetic, no wonder, the town is full of poetic elegance.
Therefore, for the six cultural ancient towns in Jiangnan, I prefer Nanxun, without the hustle and bustle of excessive publicity, but exudes an ancient and poetic tenderness, which makes people linger when they go away. #水晶晶南浔水晶晶女孩 #