Altai First Army Platform - Tsakhandra
Text/Yang Cheng
From the Chongli West Ditch up the river, turn over a mountain bay, and see a village surrounded by mountains and waters. In the south of the village, a century-old spruce tree stands tall and towering, and the canopy is like a cloud. A cement plaque was erected on an open field in the west of the village, on which several large characters "Ruins of che ma da dian of the ancient commercial road" were very eye-catching.
This mountain village is The village of Chakhandara in Shizuizi Township, Chongli District. A small stream passes through the edge of the village, and the prairie sky road is upstream of the stream, less than five kilometers apart; The Dajing Gate is downstream of the stream, ten kilometers apart.
During the Qing Dynasty, the first Altai military platform settled here, which once made this remote and deep mountain village famous in the Mongolian steppe.
One
Juntai, an institution set up in the Qing Dynasty to deliver military newspapers. Founded during the Kangxi Northern Expedition against Kaldan, Qianlong tended to improve after pacifying the Dzungars.
The first Altai military platform was built in the village of Tsakhandra and has historical roots. Chakhandara Village was founded in the early years of the Ming Dynasty, the earliest to Tsakhandra was from the Yellow Banner Chahar Mongols, the beginning of the Qin and Song two major Mongolian families, and later the Chen Family also joined the ranks of the Mongols. At first, all the hundred or so people in the village were Mongolian, and later some Han Chinese also migrated here. A village is bounded by a river and is divided into Upper Tsakhandra and Lower Tsakhandra. Inchakhandara is a Mongolian village, there is an ancient tea horse road leading to the grassland, and the Lele car that runs the meadow often rests in the village. Therefore, the Chahar tribe of the Qing Dynasty chose the village of Chakhandara as the first of the Altai military platforms.
Starting from the First Military Platform of Tsakhandara and arriving at the Altai Mountains, a total of 29 large stations and 15 waist stations, a total of 44 stations, so it is called the Altai Military Platform.
In the 32nd year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1693), the Qing court set up the Altai Military Bureau in Zhangjiakou to manage the affairs of Zhangjiakou to the Altai Military Platform. In the 26th year of Qianlong (1761), he set up the Chahar Capital, and also managed the Zhangjiakou Yi Missionary Office, in charge of 1 to 15 stations in Zhangjiakou. There is 1 chief manager, 1 deputy manager, and a member of zhangjiakou yi preaching. The Tsakhandra Dadian, the ruins of toutai, is located 140 meters west of the village, which translates to "Baitouling" in Chinese. At the fork of the south mountain of the village, there is a lama temple and a spruce tree is planted. Now that the temple has been destroyed, the century-old spruce tree is still quite lush!
The village of Wushijia, not far from Tsakhandra, was once the residence for military service. At that time, the imperial court arranged for fifty families to raise service horses, train strong men, and deliver fast horses and knights to the military platform at any time to deliver military reports. When the military report was sent to the military station, if the military situation was not urgent, the local knights took the military report and rode on a fast horse to pass it; if the intelligence was urgent, the knights sent by the imperial court changed to the local fast horse and personally sent it to the next military platform.
Kangxi personally marched on the steppe rebel Gardan three times, and accurately transmitted the military report from the Chakhandara military platform to the front line, so that Kangxi was like a fish, quickly quelled the rebellion, and the banshi returned triumphantly.
Two
The Altai military platform began in Kangxi, flourished in Qianlong, and declined at the end of the Qing Dynasty. The history of nearly 200 years has made many achievements for the stability of the Manchu Qing Dynasty. During the Qing Dynasty, many literati and inkers praised the merits of the military platform. The most worthy of speculation is the writer zhirui of "Bamboo Branch Words".
Zhi Rui was a general of Yili at the time, and after suffering setbacks in his career, he single-handedly led two or three servants to cross the Tianshan Mountains, pass through the desert, withstand the wind and snow, and walk on the military platform line. At each station, there will be small poems written, written into more than 100 bamboo branches, accompanied by small notes. In the form of "grassland landscape paintings, he recorded the scene of the Jingshi-Uria Sutai Trail, leaving a large amount of historical information such as transportation, political economy, and frontier customs and customs in the Mongolian region of the Qing Dynasty." ”
Chakhandra is the harmonic sound of the Mongolian word "Chahan Tologai", "Chahan" means "white", "Tologai" is "head", which means "Baitouling". In the Qing Dynasty, the people who traveled north and south by yi were mentioned in the Ji Xing poems. However, he wrote less "Chahan Torogai" and more "Tsakhan Toro Sea".
Zhi Rui Shuai Zhangjiakou to Uriasu Lines" in the "First Tsakhan Tuoluohai", Shiyun:
Tsakhan Toro Sea got its name,
The Long March on baitou ridge.
The inhabitants are in judas,
Half cattle and sheep half farming.
Note: The guests have reclaimed a lot, and it is gradually easier to be given"
Zhi Ruixing arrived at the head platform, and also composed "Dabakou Guandi Words": Zhuang Miao Zi Tang Shi Jian,
Actually, I looked up to Welling.
Burn incense and look back,
Look south to the edge of the mountain a few points green.
Note: From the beginning to the north, the upper level is very high. The mouth of the dam is related to the imperial word. At this point, the walker has the feeling of going to the country and leaving the country. Pray, look back at Zhangjiakou, the mountains outside the border, and look down at the list, like children and grandchildren. The terrain is very high and the climate is like autumn.
The Dam Guandi Ancestral Hall mentioned by General Zhirui is exactly the area around Jieshaba and Caohuba in Chongli today, close to the grassland heavenly road!
Qing Dynasty Chahar Eight Banners literati Yan Qing poem "Guodra Temple":
The stone of the Poto Obstruction Road is thick,
Wild water and wild water.
The temple is based on the side puppet Yu Li,
Mountains and mountains resemble flying foxes.
Late Qing Dynasty heavy minister, famous poet Bao Zheng poems as Shu Su Cha Khan Drogai":
The source is like a peach blossom,
Fifty mountain villages.
Smoke piles of black charcoal,
Terroir rolls yellow sand.
The above is only an excerpt of the poems of the Qing Dynasty literati praising The Chakandra, and there are many poems circulating in the folk, indicating the important position of the Chakandra Military Platform in the traffic history of the Qing Dynasty.
To this end, as a historical and cultural village of Chongli, Tsakhandra's influence has spread far and wide. The German's "Diary of Li xi holao's travels to China" records that Li Honghorao once visited the head of the Tsakhandra; the Frenchman Zhang Cheng's "Zhang Cheng's Sixth Tatar Travels" also has a record of visiting Tsakhandra.
Three
In 1761, in order to defend the border defenses and reclaim the border, the Qing government decided to move 2,000 officers and soldiers from the Eight Banners of Chahar outside Zhangjiakou to the west, and used the Altai Army to enter Xinjiang in two batches. After these two groups of soldiers arrived in The Hot Spring County of "Bozhou" on the border of Xinjiang, they fought bravely and bravely, and worked hard and competently to pioneer and cultivate the land.
In order to stabilize the military morale of the Shubian soldiers, the Qing court decided to buy a single woman in the Zhangjiakou area of Chahar Eight Banners and marry Xinyi Hot Spring.
The Qing Court Military Aircraft Department instructed Chahar to take charge of the operation of Balpin. The principle of solicitation is "according to its voluntariness and shall not be persecuted". Barpin and the deputy governor Changqing led more than seventy officials to go deep into the villages of the Zhangjiakou area to buy and register matters. They go from village to village to select orphan girls over the age of 15 and orphans under the age of 40. The value of unmarried orphan girls is set at 10 taels of silver per person, and the value of widows is set at 8 taels of silver per person
After several months of recruitment, a total of 420 women were recruited. Among them, 162 women took the initiative to sign up and actively invited Miao to join the westward migration team and become the backbone of this group of westward migration women.
In order to adapt these women to the collective life of the long journey, 420 women were moved to Chakhandara and the chief stewards Sunmubao and Ulintai were appointed. Train for a month and then set off.
To accommodate the long journey, officials divided the 420 westward migration women into 10 teams of 42 people each, each led by 2 officials.
On June 27, 1764, the first detachment of women who moved west set out, and then the other detachments boarded one after another.
This chahar long-distance women's team in the vast grassland, the summer top of the scorching sun, the winter wind and snow cold, walked through 29 military platforms, lasted 6 months, traveled more than 5,000 kilometers, after thousands of hardships finally reached Xinjiang Bortala, that is, today's Bortala Autonomous Prefecture. Abbreviated as "Bozhou". It was then taken to the hot spring county of "Bozhou". After counting the number of people, 420 people departed, and 42 people died prematurely. Of the remaining 378 people, 31 were disabled and unable to marry, and they were assigned to wealthier families in the Chahar camp. The remaining 347 men, led by The Erut Minister, Guanyin Bao, were allowed to marry single Officers and Men of Erut.
In July 2016, the Inner Mongolia Chahar Chahou Banner "Wulan Pastoral Riding" art troupe went to Bozhou Hot Spring County, Xinjiang to perform the "Zhongyong Chahar" large-scale song and dance drama. The performance was the story of 420 women in Chahar who married Xinjiang soldiers in the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and the song and dance drama was staged three times in a row, the venue was full, and the audience applauded continuously.
After the performance, the personnel of the Inner Mongolia Chahar Cultural Association visited the people and were warmly received by the locals. The people of Wenquan County shook the visitor's hand and said that they were descendants of the Shubian soldiers of the Qing Dynasty, and their ancestors were Zhangjiakou Chongli people, excitedly recalling the tragic and magnificent past of their ancestors.
About the Author:
Yang Cheng, born in a small mountain village at the foot of Chongli Grassland Tianlu, is a retired cadre and a lover of literature. He has published several essays, novels, reportage, and poems in newspapers.