Lu You (1125-1210), courtesy name Wuguan, was a native of Shanyin, Yuezhou (present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang). In the twenty-third year (1153) of Emperor Gaozong of Song,233, he was removed from the imperial examination department for touching Qin. Emperor Xiaozong gave birth to him. Successive officials Longxing and Fuzhou Tongjue successively entered the shogunate of Wang Yan and Fan Cheng, and raised the official affairs of Changping Tea salt in Fujian and Jiangnan West Road, and Quan zhiyan Prefecture. During the reign of Emperor Guangzong, he was the Official Dynasty Counselor and Rebbe Langzhong. Later, he was impeached and returned to his hometown.
He was a great patriotic poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, and his achievements in word and prose creation were also high. There are more than 9,000 poems in existence, which are extremely rich in content, reflecting the poet's life's mental journey and the broad face of the era in which he lived. His early poetry was influenced by the Jiangxi school, and later transcended the barriers and became a family of his own. The poems are varied in style, but they are mainly heroic and generous and sad. All bodies are working, and the seven laws are particularly exquisite. His poetic theory, many people create bitter talk. There are "Weinan Anthology", "Jiannan Poetry Manuscript", "Southern Tang Book", "Notes of the Old Scholar's Temple".
I have not learned poetry in the past, and the remnants are inevitably begged.
Li Xiao was discouraged and self-aware, and there was a gradual color in taking a false name.
Forty congregations were stationed in Southern Zheng, feasting on the army for days and nights.
Play a thousand steps to build a field, read the stables of 30,000 horses.
The lanterns filled the building, and the Baochao danced and illuminated the seats.
The pipa strings are sharply hailed, and the drummers are evenly windy and rainy.
Before the poet Samadhi suddenly saw it, Qu Jia was in the eye of the Yuan calendar.
Tianji Yunjin is used in me, and the cutting is not a knife ruler.
There is no shortage of talents in the world, and there is no gap between heaven and earth.
On the theory of the death of Weng Lao, "Guangling San" is definitely not a pity.
The Fa is not born alone from ancient times, but a fool wants to skeletonize the void.
Junshi is mysterious and I can recognize it, and I am in the mountains and rivers.
Middle-aged people begin to have less understanding, and gradually they are like peeping into the grandeur.
Strange things also come out, such as gargling.
Counting Li Du wall, often hating to understand.
Yuan Baicai leaned on the door, and Wen Lizhen was self-righteous.
He is making the pen carry the top, and he has not created samadhi.
Poet Six Arts, Is It Cunning to Use Resources?
Ru Guo wants to learn poetry, and Kung Fu is outside the poem.
In the creation of poetry, Lu You entered from Jiangxi, and finally on the basis of paying attention to reality and teaching nature, his heart originated from him and became a family of his own. In terms of poetic theory, on the one hand, he inherited and criticized the poetic theories of the Jiangxi school of poets; On the other hand, he summed up his personal experience and understanding in his own creative practice, thus establishing his own literary and artistic theory. These theories originated from his creative practice and guided his creative practice.
Lu You's poetry transcends the flow of time, and what is unique about it is that he discusses the dialectical relationship between literature and reality from the perspective of the subject-object relationship of creation. That is, the self-satisfied words of the so-called "poet Samadhi" and "poetic work" in his "On Poetry".
Lu You has a number of "On Poetry", and the three selected poems here are all composed by him when he was 68 years old and later, from which we can see the summary of his lifelong creative process and creative essence.
Lu You's poetry creation was studied by the Jiangxi poet Zeng Ji, who said that "I have to change the language of the tea mountain, and the article must not participate in the dead sentence" ("Gift Ying Xiucai"), while Zeng Ji once said that his poems "originated from Lü Ziwei (Benzhong)" (Lu You's "Lü Juren Collection"), and in the Poet Jade Shavings, it is even more known: "Lu Fangweng's poems are originally from the tea mountain... However, the study of Chashan is also derived from Han Zicang, and the three family rhythms are probably similar, and the fang weng is more proud. Zeng Ji, Lü Benzhong, and Han Zicang were all important poets of the Jiangxi school, and it goes without saying that Lu Youwei was deeply influenced by his poetry. However, with the growth of age, the expansion of experience, the accumulation of creative experience, and the deep understanding of social life, especially after the middle-aged entry into Shu and the military nanzheng, what he showed in front of him was a broader vision of life, a colorful and intense military camp life, the victory of mountains and rivers, the cultivation of human geography, the fusion and collision of the passion of life to kill the enemy and serve the country, and the fusion and collision of real life, so that he discovered the visual blind spots and theoretical misunderstandings created by the Jiangxi Poetry School, realized the realistic spirit and significance of literary creation, and formed his own creative propositions.
Here, Lu You conspicuously put forward the theories of "poet Samadhi" and "poetic work". The so-called "Samadhi" was originally a Buddhist term and is one of the important cultivation methods of Buddhism, referring to the mental state of the mind concentrating on one state without scattering. Lu You borrowed it as a metaphor for the exquisite realm reached by creation.
The poet said in the Shi Zi Song that "the pen is carrying the crown, and it has not created samadhi." After "Reading the Poetry Manuscript on the Night of September and Writing Songs", he wrote that he threw himself into the life of the Nanzheng military camp, "before the poet Sanwei suddenly saw it, Qu Jia was in the eye yuan calendar", which shows that the poet's discussion of "poet Samadhi" and "poet's work" are closely related.
He refers to "work outside poetry", first of all, referring to the practice of life compared to book knowledge and writing skills, and the poet taught his son that "Ru Guo wants to learn poetry, and the work is outside poetry", and another poem that describes his creative process illustrates this problem. In another poem, he wrote: "The ancients learned without sparing efforts, and the young and strong work began to grow old." On paper, I finally realized that I had to do something about it. The emphasis is on the practice of "walking the line." As Zhu Dongrun said in the seventh chapter of "Lu Youchuan", "The Climax of the High-Rise Poem of Birth", after the poet arrived at the anti-Gold front, "a rich and colorful life, a positive outlook on life, a tense vitality, loyalty to the country and the nation, ambition to recover the occupied areas, a premonition of victory, everything emerged, and everything was included in his poems." There is wine, there is music, there is dance, there is the throat of the singer, there is the laughter of friends, there are tears, there are sadness, but it is basically positive, it is an ode to life, the inspiration of poets. "The poet is consciously aware of the decisive use of the practice of life in creation. Secondly, Lu You's "poetic work" includes moral cultivation. Because there must be a moral code for doing things. On the one hand, this is the conscious pursuit of the poet, and on the other hand, it is due to the atmosphere of the times. In the face of the untimely people's hearts and the world's customs, Lu You is unique and takes spiritual and moral cultivation as one of the origins of creation. He said in the Preface to the Fang De Collection: "Poetry is easy to say! Only the heavens are obtained, and the qi I cultivate. Only then can there be no anger, not enough to resist, obscenity to the rich, to the poor, to gain more than to lose, and to be proud and ashamed. The poem came out of this, and if you want to chase the ancients far away, you can get it!" Lu You emphasizes that creation should be both moral and talented.
Third, Lu You's "poetry work" also includes "landscape tour appreciation", and he has a series of poems that discuss this point: "Junshi is wonderful and I can understand, and I am in the mountains and rivers"; "The Earth Victory Is Shocking poetry and strong"; "Poetry is common, biased towards the new road"; "If you deserve the help of the country, you won't have poetry until Xiao Xiang!" He said more explicitly in the Book of The Book of Du Sigong: "Most of this karma is more and more in the path, although the predecessors are often famous." May the boat be between the saddles and horses, and he will not quit, and he will go to the dust day by day. There will be more of them at this time. ”
Lu You's "poetic work" to achieve the state of "poet Samadhi" not only refers to the rich and colorful life on the battlefield, but also includes moral cultivation and landscape travel, but also includes reading, knowledge of things and poor reason, the poet said: "Is poetry easy to say? A book is not seen, a thing is not known, a reason is not exhausted, all have regrets. At the same time, it should be pointed out that the reason why Lu You has become a generation of poets is because he not only attaches importance to "extra-poetic work", but also attaches great importance to the inner-poetic work related to formal techniques. Therefore, Lu's "On Poetry" should be fully understood and evaluated under the premise of highly evaluating the theoretical value of his "work outside poetry".
Excerpt from Selected Ancient Chinese Texts (Lanzhou University Press)