In 2019, cotton aphids, cotton blind bugs, cotton bollworms, cotton leaf mites, underground pests, seedling diseases, cotton blight, cotton verticillium wilt, boll disease and other diseases and insects will occur in all cotton areas, and secondary diseases and insects such as cotton thrips, tobacco whiteflies, and red leaf stem blight will occur locally. In order to effectively do a good job in the prevention and control of major diseases and insect pests in cotton in 2019 and ensure the safety, quality and ecological safety of cotton production, this plan is specially formulated.
1. Prevention and control objectives
The rate of major pest control and disposal has reached more than 95%, the area of green prevention and control technology application and the area of specialized prevention and control have reached more than 20% and 25% respectively, the overall prevention and control effect has reached more than 85%, the loss rate of disease and insect harm has been controlled within 8%, and the use of chemical pesticides has decreased significantly.
Second, prevention and control strategies
In view of the main diseases and insect species in different cotton areas and cotton growth periods, in line with the principle of light simplification and harmlessness, the measures of "prevention first, comprehensive treatment" are adopted, vigorously promote disease-resistant (disease-resistant) varieties, give play to the compensatory role of cotton itself, make full use of ecological regulation and control means, and protect and utilize the harm control role of natural enemies in cotton fields. Biologically derived, low-toxicity, environment-friendly agents are preferred for pharmaceutical control, and attention is paid to rotation with agents. Attach importance to rational drug use, precise drug use, and reduce the amount of chemical pesticides. Through technical measures such as lowering the base of diseases and insects in autumn and winter, prevention at seedling stage, pest control during growth period, and boll period to ensure production, the sustainable and safe control and disaster reduction of cotton fields are enhanced.
3. Prevention and control measures
(1) Sub-regional prevention and control priorities
1． Cotton areas in the Yellow River Basin: including Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Tianjin, Shanxi and Shaanxi cotton areas. Focus on the prevention and control of cotton blind aphids, cotton aphids, cotton leaf mites, cotton bollworms, prevent cotton blight, cotton verticillium wilt, seedling disease, bell disease, red leaf stem blight, and locally do a good job in the prevention and control of underground pests (grubs, grubs, golden needle worms, ground tigers), cotton thrips, weevils, and bacterial horn spots.
2． Yangtze River Basin cotton area: including Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Jiangxi and Hunan cotton areas. Focus on the prevention and control of cotton blind bugs, cotton leaf mites, cotton bollworms, twill moths, cotton blight, cotton verticillium wilt, prevent seedling disease, bell disease, and red leaf stem blight, and pay attention to the prevention and control of cotton aphids, red bollworms, cotton thrips, and tobacco whiteflies.
3． Northwest inland cotton area: including Xinjiang and Gansu cotton areas. Focus on the prevention and control of cotton leaf mites, cotton aphids, cotton bollworms, cotton thrips, cotton blind bugs, whitefly, blight, verticillium wilt, seedling disease, and red leaf stem blight.
(2) Main technical measures
1． sowing date
Prevention targets: seedling disease, cotton blight, cotton verticillium wilt, seedling aphid, cotton leaf mite, cotton blind bug, cotton thrips, underground pests, etc.
(1) Select resistant (resistant) cotton blight, cotton verticillium wilt varieties and insect resistant varieties.
(2) According to the characteristics of the occurrence of diseases and insects at the seedling stage in each cotton area, select the appropriate seed coating agent and do a good job in seed chemical treatment.
(3) Select sterile soil bowl seedlings to cultivate disease-free seedlings. The recurrent areas of Verticillium wilt in the northwest inland cotton area have been turned into soil 60 cm deep.
(4) Remove cotton fields, mounds and roadside weeds to reduce the population base of cotton blind bugs, cotton thrips and cotton leaf mites.
2． seedling stage
Control objects: seedling disease, seedling aphid, cotton blight, cotton verticillium wilt, cotton leaf mite, cotton blind bug, cotton thrips, underground pests, etc.
(1) Postpone stubble eradication. After wheat and rapeseed are harvested, the straw is stacked in the field for 2-3 days, so that the natural enemies are fully transferred to the cotton plant to maintain benefits and control the damage.
(2) Seedling disease: timely prevention and control at the beginning of the disease, especially in low temperature and rainy weather, timely spraying of Bacillus subtilis, polyantimycin, xyrrherol and other agents to control.
(3) Seedling aphid: mainly using natural predator control; before the Yellow River Basin and the northwest inland cotton area directly seed cotton 3 true leaves, when the amount of aphids is large, the curly leaf plant rate reaches 5%-10%, or the curled leaf plant rate after 4 true leaves is 10%-20%, the pharmaceutical control is carried out.
(4) Cotton leaf mites: When the cotton field mite plant rate is less than 15%, the central plant is picked, and the whole field is immediately unified for control when it exceeds 15%.
(5) Cotton blind bug: Cotton seedling nutrition bowl in the cotton area of the Yangtze River Basin is applied to the dowry before transplanting. When the number of nymphs in 100 plants in Daejeon reaches 3, medicinal control is carried out.
(6) Ground tiger: use sugar, wine and vinegar to trap adult insects and lower the base. Crystal enemy insects are used to prepare poisonous soil or poisonous bait to trap the larvae along the ridge.
(7) Cotton blight, cotton verticillium wilt disease: the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin cotton area, the implementation of dredging "three ditches" (wei ditch, horizontal ditch, box ditch), increase the application of decomposing organic fertilizer and biological fertilizer, reasonable increase in phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, supplement micro-fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer can choose ammonium bicarbonate as topdressing, before the onset of the disease or when the initial disease is used, continuous medication 2-3 times, interval of 10 days, foliar spraying and spray irrigation root combination, pay attention to rotation of medication.
3． Bud period
Control objects: cotton blind bugs, cotton bollworms, cotton leaf mites, blight, verticillium wilt, red leaf stem blight, etc.
(1) Timely rectification of branches, cultivation and weeding; when there is a lot of rain, pay attention to clearing ditches and draining water, reduce soil moisture, and spray methyl pipera in a timely manner according to the growth of cotton plants to control growth.
(2) Cotton blind bugs: cotton areas in the Yellow River Basin and Yangtze River Basin, focusing on the prevention and control of early occurrence, weeds and early-onset cotton fields adjacent to jujube gardens and forests. Insect-based traps are used to trap adult green blind bugs. When the number of 100 insects reaches 5, the drug control should be carried out, and the application time should be before 9 a.m. or after 4 p.m., and the drug should be applied inward from Tanabe. In the northwest inland cotton area, the cotton blind bug recurrence area was combined with cotton thrips and cotton aphid control in early June.
(3) Cotton bollworm: non-insect-resistant cotton and early-onset cotton fields, cotton bollworm adult stage using sexual attractants supporting dry moth traps, or strips of biological food traps to trap adult insects; when the cotton bollworm 100 young larvae reach 10, priority is given to the cotton bollworm nuclear polyhedra virus, Thuringiensis (bt., insect-resistant cotton field prohibited), indigode and other biopesticides.
(4) Cotton leaf mites: When the spot occurs, a special acaricide is selected to control the pest.
(5) Cotton blight, cotton verticillium wilt: Before the onset of the disease in the cotton area of the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin, when the disease strain is first seen, timely medication is used to control the disease.
(6) Red leaf stem blight: potassium fertilizer is sprayed after budding, and boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer are sprayed according to the soil nutrient conditions to prevent and control the onset of the disease.
4． Flower bell period
Control objects: Aphids, cotton leaf mites, cotton bollworms, cotton blind bugs, twill moths, tobacco whiteflies, bell disease, etc.
(1) Bell disease: timely remove empty branches, beat old leaves, remove rotten bells and twill nocturnal moth eggs and bring them out of the field for deep burial treatment, improve ventilation and light transmission conditions, reduce field humidity and depression, and reduce the base number of diseases and insects in the field. At the same time, the excessive and late application of nitrogen fertilizer should be avoided to prevent cotton from growing greedily. In areas where bell disease is common, focus on flower buds and young bells for appropriate spray prevention, before the onset of illness or at the beginning of the disease. Prevention before rain, timely spraying after rain to control the occurrence of bell disease.
(2) Cotton bollworm: use sex attractants and biological food attractants to trap adult insects and reduce the amount of eggs dropped in the field. At the bud stage, when there are 10 100 young larvae (3 instar) of insect-resistant cotton and 100 eggs of non-insect-resistant cotton, the drug is controlled.
(3) When the population density of aphids, cotton leaf mites, cotton blind bugs, twill nocturnal moths and other insect populations reaches the control index, that is, the average amount of 3-leaf aphids in the upper, middle and lower leaves of a single plant is 200-300, and the whole plant is evenly sprayed; when the cotton leaf mites occur, the whole field is controlled when the continuous pieces occur; the number of 100 insects in the cotton blind bugs is 10; and the 100-plant 2 eggs of the twill moth are 2 eggs.
Fourth, specialized unified defense and rule mainly promote technology
(1) Cleaning of pastoral gardens and autumn ploughing techniques
After the cotton harvest, the cotton stalks are pulled out in time and the fields are cleaned to remove the remains of diseases and insects. Autumn ploughing is deep, and the autumn and winter irrigation in the conditional cotton area is water conservation, and the overwintering base of diseases and insects is depressed.
(2) Select disease- and insect-resistant varieties
According to local conditions, blight-resistant and verticillium wilt-resistant varieties are selected, and the cotton areas of the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin select high-quality and high-yield varieties of insect-resistant cotton on the basis of selecting disease-resistant varieties.
(3) Seed treatment technology
According to the main diseases and insect species at the seedling stage in each cotton area, suitable insecticides, fungicides or special seed coating agents are selected to treat seeds.
(4) Technologies for the protection and utilization of pesticides of biological origin and natural enemies
1． Predator protection and utilization. In the early stage of cotton growth, attention should be paid to the protection and utilization of natural natural enemies in cotton fields, and the role of natural enemies in controlling harm should be brought into full play. After wheat and rapeseed are harvested, the straw is placed in the field for 2-3 days, which is conducive to the transfer of natural enemies such as ladybirds to the cotton field. During the occurrence period of seedling aphids, when the natural enemy units in the cotton field (1 seven-star ladybird, 2 spiders, 2 aphid lions, 4 aphid flies, and 120 aphid cocoon bees are 1 natural enemy units) and the aphid population ratio, the cotton area of the Yellow River Basin is higher than 1:120, the cotton area of the Yangtze River Basin is higher than 1:320, and the cotton area of the northwest inland is higher than 1:150, no drug control is applied, and the natural predators are used to control aphids. In the cotton area of the Yangtze River Basin, chemical pesticides are generally not applied to control seedling aphids from the seedling stage to the bud stage.
2． Pesticides of biological origin. Spraying of cotton bollworm karyonucleo-type polyhedral virus, kale nocturnal moth karyotype polyhedral virus, bt., etc. at the beginning of the hatching of cotton bollworm eggs; spraying of twill nocturnal moth nucleo-type polyhedral virus at the beginning of hatching of twill moth eggs not only has a good control effect, but also effectively protects natural enemies; the application of agaricin is used to control cotton aphids and cotton bollworms; prevention of seedling disease, wilt disease, verticillium wilt disease, the use of bacillus subtilis, amino oligosaccharides, allicin treatment seeds, seedling and bud stage with water drip irrigation or foliar spray; prevention and control of boll disease, Fungal bell disease is controlled by foliar spray of polyantimycin, and bacterial bell disease is controlled by allicin.
3． Artificial release of red-eyed wasps. Adult cotton bollworms artificially release eggs parasitic bee borer yellow red-eyed bees or pine caterpillar red-eyed bees at the peak stage, and the amount of bees released is 10,000 heads/mu each time, and the bees are released 2-3 times per generation, with an interval of 3-5 days, reducing the amount of cotton bollworm larvae.
(5) Insect pheromone booby trap technology
Cotton bollworm overwintering adults from the initial stage to the end of the final adult, a large area of continuous patches using cotton bollworm sex attractants, each acre set up a dry moth trap and a lure core; the Yangtze River Basin cotton area twill nocturnal moth frequent area, large area of continuous use of twill nocturnal attractant, 1 nocturnal trap and lure core per mu, cluster trap to kill adult insects, reduce the amount of eggs in the field. Continuous application of biological food attractants, 1-2 days before the main pest of the nocturnal moth family (cotton bollworm, ground tiger, clover nocturnal moth, etc.) is feathered, driped in a striped manner, and evenly applied to the top leaf surface of a row of cotton plants every 50-80 meters, which can trap adult insects.
(6) Ecological regulation and biodiversity utilization technologies
Crops such as alfalfa or early maturing rapeseed are planted in the fields around the cotton fields in the northwest inland cotton area and under the forest belt, attracting, cultivating and conserving natural enemies, and enhancing the control ability of natural enemies to cotton aphids, cotton bollworms and cotton leaf mites. Cotton bollworm common occurrence area, cotton field set planting corn, ramie strips, lure cotton bollworm adult worms to lay eggs, concentrated killing. Promote the planting of cotton and winter wheat flowers to protect and utilize natural enemies.
(7) Rational drug use techniques
1． For the control of aphids and cotton blind bugs, matrine, alenoxazine, thiamethoxam, etc., cotton blind bugs can choose flufenacilamine nitrile and so on.
2． For the control of cotton bollworm, beet nocturnal moth and other nocturnal moth pests, cotton bollworm karyo-type polyhedral virus, kale nocturnal moth nucleotype polyhedral virus, bt., indicovir, polycycline, etc.; insect growth regulators can choose to kill urea, suppress hydrazine, etc.; chemical agents can choose methylamino avermectin benzoate, bromocyanatosamide, etc.
3． Biological insecticides such as avermectin are used for the control of cotton leaf mites, and ethanazole can be used for chemical agents.
4． To prevent and control blight and verticillium wilt, Bacillus subtilis, allicin, amino oligosaccharides, etc., and chemical agents can choose octylamine acetate.
5． Prevention and treatment of bell disease. At the beginning of the onset of fungal bell disease (water stains appear on the bell), polyantimycin, allicin can be selected, and the chemical agent can choose capryloxine acetate, pyrazole ether ester, etc.; bacterial bell disease can choose pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotics, allicin, mesophyticin, etc., and chemical agents can choose copper.
6． Seed mixing. Insecticides can be selected from imidacloprid or thiamethoxine seed treatment agents; fungicides and growth regulators can choose Bacillus subtilis, amino oligosaccharides, chiath indigodate brassica, brassica lactone, phenylmethicazole, clonylonitrile and the like. Mixed coating of insecticides and fungicides can control a variety of pests and diseases at the seedling stage.
7． Seedling disease (anthrax, blight, cataplexy, red rot). Before the onset of the disease or in the early stage of timely prevention and treatment, the complexed daisen manganese zinc, pyrazole ether ester, xenomycin and other agents can be selected.
Source: National Agricultural Technology Center, Graphic Editor: Tianshan Plant Protection, please indicate the source when reprinting!