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Jujube tree rat Plum family of li mother perennial small trees or shrubs. Jujube is native to China, as early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the "Book of Poetry", "Warring States Policy" and other documents have a very rich written record of jujube. Jujube nutritional value is quite high, folk known as "eat three dates a day, a lifetime does not look old" saying, although some exaggeration but also highlights the Chinese people's love for dates. Since modern times, the cultivation area of jujube trees in China has been expanding year by year, and now there are plantings in the north and south, of which Xinjiang, Liaoning, Henan, Hebei, Shandong and other places, jujube tree cultivation is more concentrated. With the development of agriculture, the varieties of jujube are also becoming more and more diverse, and the golden silk jujube, Jin jujube, large green jujube, egg jujube, pear jujube, July fresh, etc. have their own flavors and are deeply loved by consumers. Nowadays, many of the main jujube producing areas have formed a complete jujube industry chain, in addition to fresh food, they are also processed into preserves, drinks, pharmaceuticals, food, etc., to varying degrees to increase the income of jujube practitioners.
Jujubes are as good as a thousand, but the jujube farmers who are engaged in jujube tree cultivation have all kinds of worries. This is because in the process of planting and selling jujube trees, farmers will encounter many difficulties, when the year is not good, the amount of fruit fall is large, when the price is sold, there is no yield, and when the year is good, there is yield but no good price. Jujube farmers are difficult, all say that jujube tree adaptability is strong, but it is still easy to be infected by a variety of diseases, such as jujube rot disease, jujube rust, jujube madness, fruit shrinking disease, anthrax, etc. are more harmful diseases, in these diseases, jujube madness is known as the jujube tree "terminal disease", once the jujube tree is infected, it is equivalent to giving it a "sentenced to death", who has a "crazy jujube tree" in the jujube garden, as long as you do not remove and destroy, within three years the nearby jujube trees are basically "crazy". In recent years, the development scale and degree of harm of jujube madness have been rampant, making the jujube farmer friends who have made a hard money even worse, and many special drugs for the treatment of jujube madness have come out one after another, but there are few truly effective, even if it is effective, it is only to alleviate the cure.
Why is jujube madness so difficult to treat? Is there an efficient way to prevent jujube madness? Today, Yinong will give you a detailed introduction to the jujube madness, understand it in depth, create a breakthrough point for its scientific prevention and control, and help jujube farmers and friends get rid of the harm of its jujube trees as much as possible.
First, the characteristics, harm and diseases of jujube madness
1. Characteristics and hazards: Jujube madness is extremely harmful to jujube trees, and has the characteristics of contagiousness, accumulation and difficulty in curability. Unlike other diseases, the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, buds, and fruits of jujube trees will be harmed to varying degrees after being invaded by jujube madness. First of all, the tree body becomes weak, the yield decreases, and as the accumulation and spread of the disease gradually develop into a no-yield, the branches and leaves die, and eventually lead to the death of the jujube tree plant, the small tree is infected for 1-2 years, and the large tree is infected for 3-5 years. If the process is not standardized, the disease will soon spread to other jujube trees, which is highly contagious, and it may be destroyed by the entire orchard or even the entire production area. It has seriously affected the income of date farmers.
2. Symptoms: As the name suggests, the branches, leaves, buds, and roots grow wildly.
The manifestation of the disease on the leaves, the infected plant first loses the leaves on the middle and lower branches and turns yellow, and the severely ill branches and leaves are yellow or even fall, and spread to the whole plant with the deepening of the disease.
The manifestation of the disease on the flowers, first of all, the flowers on some branches degenerate and do not open to form leaflets, the flower stalk is extended, the pistils become small branches, the stamens become leaflets, and the exterior looks like a "cluster head full of small green leaves", which spreads to the whole flowerless tree of the jujube tree as the disease accumulates.
The manifestation of the disease on the bud is that the bud develops into a small abnormal branch with clusters of leaflets on the branches.
The manifestation of the disease on the fruit, the uncorrupted branches of the flowers in the early stage of infection can bear fruit, but the general fruit is easy to fall off, the color is not good, the taste has a sense of gravel, and the whole plant does not bear fruit when it is serious.
The manifestation of the disease on the root, the jujube tree will produce adventitious buds on the main root at the beginning of the infection, and as the disease accumulates, the adventitious buds begin to grow wildly until the roots rot and die.
2. The source and transmission route of jujube madness
1. Pathogen characteristics: The pathogenic source of jujube madness is a kind of mycoplasma, also known as phytoplasma, which is a organism between bacteria and viruses. Mycoplasma has no cell wall and is difficult to survive in the external environment, and it can parasitize in the saliva of jujube trees, mulberry trees, cypresses, grasses, and concave-edged rhomboid leafhoppers. In fact, mycoplasma is easy to kill, high temperature environment, tetracycline antibiotic agents, etc. can be easily killed, but because of its activity in the jujube tree species, it is simply impossible to kill it.
2. The law of activity after parasitism of the pathogen source: the parasitism of the fungoid is parasitic after the jujube tree body, and there is a cycle of activity and the law of expansion year by year. Every year after the leaves fall of the jujube tree, the fungoid protoplasm of other parts of the plant will be moved down to the root of the jujube tree through the sieve tube (the pipe that transports nutrients in the bark), where the winter is overwintered, the temperature is suitable and then begins to reproduce, and then through the sieve tube to the main trunk, the branches endanger the plant and multiply in large quantities, and in the winter, it will return to the roots to reproduce in the winter, and the pathogens accumulate year by year, and the disease becomes more and more serious until the jujube tree dies (the disease source is not all moved up and down, and there will be mycoplasmas in each stage of each part).
3, jujube tree propagation and propagation: the propagation method of jujube tree is mainly through root propagation and grafting reproduction, if the roots, rootstock, grafted buds carry fungal protoplasma, it will lead to seedling infection.
4. Propagation of concave edge rhombus leafhopper: Concave edge rhombus leafhopper is a kind of stinging pest, which occurs for multiple generations a year, and the southern region is more serious than the north, and the adaptability is strong. It sucks the sap of the jujube tree and harms the jujube tree, laying eggs in the bark of the jujube tree in winter for the winter. If a jujube tree in the orchard is infected with jujube madness, the concave edge of the sap of the tree is sucked by the leafhopper and then the healthy jujube tree will cause the healthy plant to be infected by jujube madness. In addition, when there are no jujube madness trees in the jujube garden, if there are nearby mulberry trees, cypress trees, and grass crops, if the crop carries mycoplasma, the concave edge rhomboid leafhopper will also cause jujube tree infection after cross-sucking.
Third, the easy law of jujube madness
1. Jujube orchards with a high mouth base of concave-edge rhombus leafhoppers are more susceptible to disease.
2. The southern region is more susceptible to disease than the northern region.
3. Poor field management and rough planting in this kind of planting are prone to disease.
4. Near the jujube tree park, there are mulberry trees, cypress trees, wheat and other grass crops under the trees that are prone to disease.
5. In the same jujube garden, the external jujube tree is prone to disease.
6. Sporadic planting is more susceptible to disease than concentrated planting.
7. The park with poor soil quality and easy to flood and drought is susceptible to disease.
8. Different varieties of jujube trees have different degrees of susceptibility, such as golden jujube is susceptible to disease.
Small exceptions: jujube trees in saline-alkali land are not easily infected by jujube madness. (Not because of the direct impact of saline-alkali land, but simply because saline vegetation is not suitable for the survival of concave-edged rhombus leafhoppers)
From the above long detailed introduction to jujube madness, we can find that once the jujube tree is infected with jujube madness, there is basically no cure, and only by grasping from the source and preventing it from planting can it be avoided as much as possible. However, it hurts too much to cut down a jujube tree directly. There is indeed a way to alleviate it and let it bear fruit in a year, but under the current technical conditions, it will eventually be cut down and dug up. Inon first talked about mitigation methods, and then talked about comprehensive prevention and control. (Mitigation measures should be carried out on the basis of comprehensive prevention and control, and it is best to cut them directly if they are conditional, so as to prevent hidden dangers.) ）
1. Onset period (initial infection of diseased trees): During the onset period, all the branches that have lesions on the diseased plant are cut off, and the fungicide and 500 times the tetracycline antibiotic agent are applied to the shear. Then in the upper part of the main trunk of the jujube tree, open a small control, and hang 1000 times of tetracycline liquid (the liquid should penetrate the bark) to the diseased plant with a pressurized syringe.
Second, after winter leaf fall: 10-15 days after the fall, perform ring peeling 5-7 mm in the lower part of the jujube tree trunk (pay attention to the protection of the ring peel to avoid pathogen infestation), and then use 800 times tetracycline liquid under the ring peeling mouth for pressurized injection. After the spring of the following year, the jujube tree will be injected with 800-1000 times the tetracycline solution again when it is about to germinate, still under the ring peeling mouth. In this way, it can bear fruit for one year, and the raw material is the fungoid pathogen that moves through the sieve tube in the bark, moves to the root of the plant in winter, the ring peels the bark in order to block the upward movement, and the pressurized drug is used to kill, but it is not guaranteed to eradicate the pathogenic bacteria.
The root of the prevention of the park that has not occurred in the jujube madness is to eliminate the susceptible situation as much as possible, prevent and control the concave edge of the rhombus leafhopper and strengthen the planting management.
1. Agricultural prevention and control measures
The use of agricultural control is ultimately to cultivate strong plants and eliminate hidden dangers.
1. Selection of disease-resistant varieties: When selecting and planting, you can select jujube tree varieties that are not susceptible to disease to plant, and use acid dates that are not easy to feel diseases to make rootstock grafting.
2, strengthen agricultural management: in the planting of jujube trees, to remove weeds in time, pay attention to soil improvement, timely deep turning sterilization, insecticide, reasonable and timely irrigation after winter, planting jujube trees in greenhouses should reasonably control temperature and humidity and strengthen light, and actively prevent other diseases and insect pests from invading the tree body and other measures, cultivate strong plants to improve disease resistance.
3, reasonable fertilization, rational use of drugs: increase the application of fermented and well-ripe organic fertilizer, rational application of chemical fertilizer, strict control of the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, usually when using drugs, we should focus on prevention, reduce the amount of medicine as much as possible, cross-use when treating diseases, and prevent and control disease and pest resistance, so as to cultivate strong plants to improve disease resistance.
Second, cut off the source of infection
1. Strictly control plant propagation to avoid infestation: whether it is root meristem propagation or grafting propagation, do not use diseased plants. Of course, obvious diseased plants who will not take buds on the graft. It should be noted that if there are jujube madness plants in the park, it is not possible to take buds in other healthy trees, and jujube madness has a hidden disease period of 25 days to 1 year.
2. Prevention and control measures of concave edge rhomboid leafhopper
Concave edge rhombus leafhopper is not completely anti-killing, and it is necessary to combine comprehensive measures such as agricultural control, biological control, and pharmaceutical control to completely kill insects.
Agricultural control: agricultural control is mainly to strengthen agricultural management, in addition, you can use the characteristics of the concave edge rhombus leafhopper in the bark in winter, the characteristics of the branches over the winter, before the winter of the jujube tree for reasonable pruning, scratching the bark of the jujube tree after burning to reduce the number of insect mouths in the coming year, scraping the bark also needs to spray stone sulfur compound or tree body white for sterilization and pest control.
Biological control: The main natural enemies of the concave edge rhombus leafhopper are tassel wasps, red-bellied black-bellied micro-spiders, small-character tarantulas, etc., which can reduce the base number of concave-edge rhombus leafhoppers by releasing natural enemies through orchards. It can reduce the amount of medication to prevent and control the resistance of diseases and insects, and the effect of parasitic, predatory and anti-killing is also quite good.
Pharmacy control: Egg killer agent optional, 800 times 50% malathion emulsion or 1200 times 80% dichlorvos emulsion or 700 times 50% borer pine emulsion or 100 times 90% crystalline dichlorvos. Adult insecticides are available, 2000 times 50% octylthion emulsion or 1500 times 40% Lego emulsion or 800 times 25% iminothion emulsion or 200 times 48% chlorpyrifos emulsion. When taking the drug, attention should be paid to early use, less use, cross-use, and even spraying.
3, found that the diseased plant is removed in time: it is best not to have the illusion of curing the diseased tree, and to solve the hidden danger of transmission and expansion a day earlier by cutting down and digging up. The cave can be replanted with healthy jujube trees, and fungoid pathogens are not transmitted through the root system and soil.
The above is the various characteristics of jujube madness summarized by Yinong, as well as the relevant measures to alleviate and prevent jujube madness. Finally, Inong once again stressed that there is no specific drug for jujube madness, and only by paying attention to details and comprehensive prevention and control can it be eliminated. I hope that this year's jujube farmer friends have a better return.
Detailed, welcome to discuss!