Cattle and sheep are compound herbivores, and may be grazed on the grass for half a year, which is prone to parasitic diseases due to eating the intermediate host or eggs of the parasite. The parasites that invade cattle and sheep are diverse, ranging from single-celled protozoa to multi-organ worms. The sensitivity of these insect bodies to different anthelmintic drugs varies greatly. That is to say, if you want to drive away different insects in the body, you must use different insect repellents. In other words, different anthelmintic drugs are different to repel parasites in cattle and sheep, and it is impossible to use one repellent to drive away all the parasites in cattle and sheep. Cattle and sheep may be infected with a variety of insects during grazing, so they must be dewormed with more than two drugs every spring and autumn. Before deworming, we should understand and master the parasitic diseases and medication common sense that cattle and sheep are prone to, in order to obtain a good deworming effect and ensure the health of cattle and sheep.
1. Protozoals: cattle, sheep scorchworm (Babesia), coccidiosis are single-celled worms, coccidiosis parasitize in the blood of cattle, causing red blood cell reduction, thin blood, pale mucosa, high malnutrition and death; coccidiosis parasitizes on the intestinal mucosa, destroying the structure of the intestinal mucosa. Causes intestinal bleeding, indigestion, and the body dies of anemia.
2. Worms: all are multicellular worms. Nematodes include roundworms, twisting stomach worms, cattle, sheep hookworms, lung worms, sheep whipworms, bulleye worms; flukes have flaky, bilomen, broad discs, anterior and posterior discs and other flukes and schistosomiasis. There are also tapeworms in worms, whose eggs develop into larvae that can cause Echinococcosis and cysticercosis.
3. Arthropod parasites: mainly all kinds of mites, ticks, lice, nose fly maggots, all belong to in vitro parasites.
The above three types of parasites are different in their structure and morphology, and the parts of the parasites are also different. Protozoans parasitize in blood or tissue cells; worms mostly reside in animal organs and digestive tract; and arthropods live on the surface or skin of animals. Due to the different physiological characteristics and parasitic sites of parasites, it is necessary to use selective drugs during deworming, otherwise satisfactory deworming effects cannot be obtained.
There are several types of drugs that are taken orally or intravenously:
1. Treatment of coccidiosis:
Imepropylline: cattle and sheep are taken orally at 20-25 mg per kilogram of body weight, 5 days for cattle and 10 days for sheep;
Monensin or halomycin: 20-30 mg per kg of body weight added to the feed for 3-5 days;
Sulfamethoxypyrimidine sodium: oral, 100 mg per kilogram of body weight, once a day for 4 days; and sulfadiazinoprine and the like.
2. Treatment of cokeworm (Babesia):
Imidazobenzourea: 1-3 mg per kg of body weight, formulated into a 10% solution intra muscularly;
Triazimid (Bernier): 3.5-3.8 mg per kg of body weight, formulated with a 5%-7% solution for deep intramuscular injection;
Xanthanin (triflexin): 3-4 mg per kg of body weight, formulated to 0.5%-1% solution intravenously, can be used again after 24 hours of severe illness, avoiding hot sun exposure within 5 days after injection. Commonly used drugs also include placental blue and so on.
There are many therapeutic drugs, but they should be used selectively.
1. Treatment of trematodes: trematodes include flakes, double cavity, broad disc, anterior and posterior disc flukes, Japanese schistosomiasis, Dongbi flukes.
Albendazole (propethiazole): 10 mg per kilogram of body weight in cattle and 15 mg in sheep, taken orally at one time;
Niclochlorophenol: powder, 3-4 mg per kg of body weight in cattle, 4-5 mg per kilogram of sheep, one-time oral; injection, 0.5-1.0 mg per kg of body weight in cattle, 0.75-1.0 mg per kg of body weight in sheep deep intramuscular injection;
Bromophenol phosphorus (leech net): 12 mg per kilogram of body weight for cattle and 16 mg per kilogram for sheep, taken orally at one time.
Praziquantel: 35-45 mg per kilogram of body weight in cattle and 60-70 mg per kilogram of body weight in sheep, taken orally at one time.
Thiodichlorophenol: 80-100 mg per kg of body weight, one-time irrigation. There are also trichlorobenzol (hepatic vermicules net), chloroniclosamide and the like.
2. Treatment of nematodes: Nematodes include roundworms, hookworms, whipworms and various nematodes that parasitize the digestive tract of cattle and sheep, as well as nematodes that parasitize the respiratory tract.
Levomidazole: cattle and sheep are 6-10 mg per kilogram of body weight, one-time oral administration, dairy cows, sheep rest period is not less than 3 days;
Albendazole (propethiazole): 10-15 mg per kg of body weight, orally at one time; subcutaneous or intramuscular 5 mg per kg of body weight.
Mebendazole: 10-15 mg per kg of body weight, taken orally at one time;
Ivermectin or avermectin: 0.2 mg per kilogram of body weight, disposable oral or subcutaneous injection.
Praziquantel: 65-80 mg per kg of body weight, one-time irrigation.
Tetraimidazole (deworming net): 10-20 mg per kg of body weight, subcutaneous or intramuscular.
3. Treatment of tapeworm or hydatid: including bovine and sheep cysticercosis.
Praziquantel: Sheep at 60-90 mg per kilogram of body weight, taken orally at one time. 10% oil is injected subcutaneously at 50-60 mg per kg of body weight and again after 10 days. Cattle metering is halved.
Albendazole (propythiamidazole): Sheep are given a one-time dose of 15 mg per kilogram of body weight. Halve cattle.
Dichlorophenol sulfate (biedin) sheep tapeworm is administered at 100 mg per kilogram of body weight, water-soluble and then administered. Tapeworm can also be treated with niclosamide (trinexiline) and the like.
1. Treatment of mites (leprosy): it can be injected subcutaneously with ivermectin or avermectin at 0.2 mg per kilogram of body weight; or a certain concentration of aqueous solution prepared with dichlorvense, octylthion, fly venom phosphorus, etc. for medicinal bath or local rubbing. When drinking water in the medicinal bath, the concentration of the prepared drug should be required according to the instructions, not excessive, to avoid poisoning.
2. Treatment of sheep-nosed fly maggots: can be used for dichlorvos, 75-100 mg per kilogram of body weight, one-time filling; 3% Lysol 20-30 ml per sheep injected into the nasal cavity or 1-2% deworming net 5-10 ml nasal infusion. Disposable oral nitrochlorophenol 3-4 mg per kg of body weight.
From the drugs introduced above to treat different parasites, it can be seen that in addition to the treatment of protozoles require special drugs, there are albendazole in the drugs used to treat worms, so albendazole is the first choice for the treatment of a variety of internal parasites. Ivermectin is a drug for the treatment of nematodes and in vitro parasites in vivo, so do not think that the use of ivermectin can drive away all parasites in the body. In production, both drugs can be taken orally or intramuscularly at once, and again after 15 days if necessary.
After selecting the most effective drug, it is necessary to carefully read the instructions for use, strictly according to the measurement and frequency specified in the instructions, and not to increase it arbitrarily, so as not to cause poisoning. If poisoning occurs, it should be immediately induced, intramuscular atropine or dexamethasone desensitization, intravenous injection of 5% glucose plus vitamin C, plus atp, creatinine and other detoxification.
Source: Plough
Author: 12582 Agricultural Information communication animal husbandry and veterinary expert Liu Qinghe
Editor: Li Meng
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