2020-03-05 Author: Source: Dazhong Daily
□ Zhu Dianfeng
Spring thunder.
The twelfth day of the second month of the lunar calendar (March 5 of the solar calendar) is stinged.
Of the names of the twenty-four solar terms, the stinging name is the most imposing. This momentum is written in the "Explanation of the Seventy-two Waiting For the Moon Order": "The February Festival..., all things are shocked, and the earthquake is thunder, so it is known as the sting." It was the stinging that flew away. It is also written in the Song Dynasty Zhang Yuangan's "Sting" poem: "A loud tremor of the dragon and snake, earthworm shrimp and toad also came out." "Other solar terms, whether it is the spring and summer solstice, the autumn and winter solstice, whether it is a small summer or a small summer, a small cold and a big cold, although there is a warm spring and autumn cool, summer hot winter cold meaning, giving people the feeling of calm coming, calm going, not very distracting. With the exception of the sting, which takes a sound and is the first spring thunder of the new year, showing the arrival of a solar term, the power of a solar term. A "shocked" word was like a broken bamboo, and the wind swept away the cold, and even the stinging insects hiding underground were awakened. Of course, it was actually spring that awakened the stingers.
Here are a few words of detail, the sting was initially called qi sting. China's earliest almanac, Xia Xiaozheng, said: "The first month of the moon." The Han Dynasty Emperor Han Jingdi's secret was "Qi", and the Dynasty changed "Qi" to a similar meaning to "surprise" because of the avoidance. At the same time, the order of "rain" in the first month of MengChun and the "rain" of the Mid-Spring February Festival was replaced, and the order of "Gu Rain" and "Qingming" was also replaced. In the Tang Dynasty, the use of the word "Qi" was no longer necessary to avoid, and the name of "Qi" was changed back to "Qi". Perhaps it was the people of the time who were accustomed to the name "sting", and the name "sting" was used again in the "Great Yan Calendar" implemented in the seventeenth year of Tang Kaiyuan, which has been used to this day. In today's Han cultural circles, the name "Kaijing" is still used in Japan.
There are three kinds of stings: "One waits for Tao Shihua; the other waits for Cang Geng (Yellow Oriole) to sing; and the third waits for the eagle to turn into a dove." This means that on the day of the sting, "Peach Shihua", the peach of death, the burning of its glory, is the beginning of spring, red into the peach blossom tender, green to the willow leaf new, flowing water peach blossom, it will seduce a thousand and one beautiful. Cang geng is the yellow oriole, which first perceives the qi of spring and sun, hisses its song, and asks for its friends. "In the past, I said goodbye to the clouds, and cang geng carried the song", which the literati also called "away from the yellow", and Lu You has the verse "away from the yellow through the tree language intermittently, and the green green fish flies around". The eagle transforms into a dove, and before and after the sting, the eagle quietly hides to breed offspring, and the dove (now the cuckoo) that was originally dormant begins to chirp and courtship. The ancients did not see the eagle, and the doves around them seemed to increase at once, and they mistakenly thought that the eagle had become a dove. In fact, this is an observation error of the ancients.
If the rain festival is sleepy eyes, then the stinging festival is the opening of the eyes of all things. At this time, the snow melts, the earth thaws, the earth is unclogged, the soil shakes off the cold of winter, and the pores around the body are stretched, waiting for the moisture of rain and dew. The air is filled with the fragrance of new mud, and the wind is vaguely lingering in the fields (wandering). Migratory birds "Gollum" gathered the whole team to embark on the journey back to the north, and the birds "chirped and chirped" nested and hatched to welcome the new life of their children. Thunder, boom Khotan, look, tender grass buds quietly drilled out of the ground, green wheat seedlings jubilantly sprouted new leaves, Yang Tu Spike, Willow Bud, Apricot Pollen, Peach Blossom Red, Pear Blossom White, Bee Buzz, Butterfly Fluttering, Swallow Flying, Brilliant Season, Dyed Green Spring Wind. The earthworm stretched and curled up for a winter, the ant king led the crowd to climb out of the cave, the frog jumped off the bed of the winter sting, and the snake lizard opened its squinting eyes in the bright sun.
Spring thunder frightens the worms. The earth warms up, the insects "sting" back to their former territory, they forage around, or damage crops, or disturb people's lives, so the sting festival folk formed many insect removal rituals.
On this day, farmers in Shandong will light incense, wormwood and other things, smoke the four corners of their houses, and use their smell to drive away mosquitoes, snakes and rats. Or make pancakes in the yard, which means smoke fire to burn pests. Before cooking in the morning, the peasant woman picked up the fire stick under the stove and knocked on the pot table, making a "stick stick" sound, saying that it was a "vibrating bug". The insect heard the knocking pot table, and it was shocked that it did not dare to climb the pot table after it was shocked, and it could not fall into the pot. If it is a sunny day, the peasant woman takes some clothes to the yard and shakes them open one by one, and then shakes them a few times one by one, and hangs them on the silk rope, saying that the clothes are shaken and shaken, and do not attract lice fleas. Liu Tong of the Ming Dynasty recorded in the "Imperial Scenery and Material Strategy" Volume II "Spring Field": "When you first hear lei, you shake your clothes, and the fleas are not born." ”
There are also fried scorpion beans. The day before the sting, the carefully selected soybeans were soaked in salt water, accompanied by peppercorns, large ingredients, and fennel seeds. In the morning, pour out the brine, dry the skin of the soybeans, put them in a pot and stir-fry them in fine sand. Bean grains crackle in the pot, symbolizing the jumping sound of bugs as they are tormented in the pan. The fried soybeans are called scorpion beans, and the scorpion beans are crispy and salty, which is very delicious. In the past, the ecological environment in the countryside was good, and there were many scorpions living in the villages and fields. Scorpions are very poisonous and it hurts to be stung. It is said that "if you eat scorpion beans, you will not be stung by scorpions for a year; if you eat scorpion claws, you will not have to fight for a year."
Some peasant women stung on this day with a rolling pin to beat the noodle scoop, while knocking on the mouth while chanting: "Thief mouse, hear clearly, today is the sting again, persuade you not to put the cubs down, disobedience, you have to go down, ten nests of rat cubs nine nests are blind, the remaining one is not blind, give to the weasel to give to the snake." ”
Spring thunder, all things long. The stinging festival is of great significance to agricultural production, and farmers regard it as the beginning of spring ploughing. Tang Dynasty Wei Yingwu "Guan Tian Jia" poem Yun: "The light rain is new, and a thunder sting begins." The Tian family was idle for a few days, and farming began from then on. The farmer proverb said: "After the Sting Festival, spring ploughing cannot rest" and "Nine Yang blossoms, agricultural work together." Wheat in North China grows green, watering, topdressing, and hoeing, "wheat hoe three times, thin skin and more noodles." Cotton fields are watered to make mounds, the bottom fertilizer is applied, and the rakes the ground to protect the soil, "the ground is not stung, it is like steaming buns." The vegetable garden grasped the planting of spring garlic, "planting garlic does not come out of nine, out of nine long head"... Nine nine plus one nine, Ding Zhuangju was in the wild, and the cultivating cattle were everywhere.