Tong Linge was the first senior general to be martyred in the War of Resistance Against Japan. In a short life, although he was depressed, he was always determined to kill the enemy and serve the country. How did he grow from an ordinary soldier to a commander of the Twenty-ninth Army? Why did you choose to retreat to your hometown when the mountains and rivers were broken? And why did they abandon the Twenty-ninth Army at a critical moment and disobey their orders?
Tong Linge's short life is a life of dedication, but also to serve the country, regardless of personal life and death of the national hero, in order to commemorate the hero, the future generations set up Tong Linge Road in Beijing to commemorate the hero.
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<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="10" > teenager set a lofty ambition</h1>
In 1894, with the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War and the rapid defeat of the Qing Dynasty, it was forced to sign the so-called "Maguan Treaty" with the Japanese invaders, causing the Qing government's international status to fall to the bottom, and the Western powers began to germinate their intentions to invade China and coveted this piece of fat.
After 1894, the Western powers were keen to divide China, but the weakness of the Qing government plunged the Chinese into deep suffering, and the Chinese people lived in deep trouble, but the imperialist aggression was met with heroic resistance from the Chinese people, the most fierce of which was the Boxer Rebellion.
General Tong Linge
In 1892, tong Linge was born in a peasant family in Gaoyang County, Hebei Province. When Tong Linge was young, he studied the traditional Four Books and Five Classics with his uncle, and at a young age, he liked to hear about yue fei, Ban Gu and others.
But as he grew older, the Western powers deepened their aggression and control over China due to the weakness and incompetence of the Qing government. For Tong Linge, what he remembers deeply is not the year of 1900, because this year his hometown of Gaoyang County was burned and looted by the invading Eight-Nation Alliance, and he witnessed the Wanton Killing of His Compatriots and Robbing Their Property.
Young Tong Linge
All this made the young Tong Linge feel the humiliation faced by the country and his inability to do anything, and the impact of this experience can be said to have accompanied Tong Linge's short life, and since then he has made up his mind to abandon Wen Congwu, and hopes to become a hero like Yue Fei and serve the country loyally!
The next year, tong Linge, under the introduction of his enlightened teacher, sought a position in the county office of Gaoyang County, subsidizing the family with a meager monthly income. But the most satisfying thing about this position was that he could browse to the Gaoyang County Chronicle, and he learned that Gaoyang County was the ancient city of the King of Yan, and that the land of Yanzhao had been "rich" with patriotic and loyal heroes since ancient times, and the deeds of these heroes had planted seeds in the heart of the young Tong Linge. Since then he has been very eager to enter the army.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="12" > tossed from Rong to follow Feng Yuxiang</h1>
In response to the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, the Uprising led by Feng Yuxiang and others in Hebei province against the Qing government began rapidly, and the revolutionary atmosphere in the northern region under the Qing government became very strong for a while.
At the beginning of the second year, Feng Yuxiang, who was appointed as the battalion commander, came to the Jingxian area of Hebei Province to recruit new soldiers and come together to overthrow the Qing government's rule and let everyone have enough to eat. Tong Linge, who learned that Feng Yuxiang had come to recruit new soldiers, had already heard of Feng Yuxiang's patriotic deeds, so he could not contain his inner thirst and came to defect. Tong Linge had just entered Feng Yuxiang's team, and he was an ordinary sentry, but it didn't take long to become a sentinel commander.
Feng Yuxiang
In 1913, Feng Yuxiang, as the regimental commander, introduced Christian doctrines when training soldiers, thereby improving the training effect of soldiers. At this time, Tong Linge was a platoon leader in Feng Yuxiang's army, which made him have more contact with Feng Yuxiang.
Tong Linge was influenced by Feng Yuxiang, who believed that Feng Yuxiang's use of Christian teachings as a method of auxiliary training for soldiers was very useful. He himself was very much in agreement with the Christian doctrine that Jesus himself suffered and died in order to save the world, so he began to embrace Christianity. He was convinced and hoped that he could save the suffering Chinese people like Jesus, and he was willing to sacrifice his life for this.
Feng Yuxiang later mentioned Tong Linge and praised Tong Linge very much. And it was highly rated. He said: "Tong Linge is a very devout Christian, we have worked together for many years, I found that he is a strict self-disciplined person, able to bear hardships and stand hard work, people around him say that he is a righteous gentleman, never lie." In the process of getting along with each other, he has great respect for the chief and is also very protective of his subordinates. There are no hobbies other than reading. ”
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="14" > grow into generals</h1>
After two years of enlistment, Tong Linge became a company commander and was stationed in Shaanxi. In this year, Tong Linge befriended his brother Zhao Dengyu, and they talked about everything between them, but unfortunately on the same day, both heroes died heroically.
After 1917, Tong Linge, stationed in Langfang, participated in the uprising led by Feng Yuxiang, and after Zhang Xun's restoration was defeated, Tong Linge was promoted to deputy battalion commander. After that, he was constantly transferred to Hubei and its Xinyang garrison.
Tong Linge in the army
However, when stationed in Xinyang, because his unit, Feng Yuxiang's department, was not directly related, the army's supplies and grain were often withheld by Wu Peifu. Therefore, all the soldiers can only survive on the grains.
Tong Linge was very distressed to see that the soldiers' days were getting worse than a day. Therefore, he often reported to his superiors in the hope of being able to supply the army in time. However, unlike other troops, Tong Linge's troops were absolutely not allowed to rob the people of food and property, and once this kind of behavior was discovered, Tong Linge would fiercely educate the officers and soldiers.
In fact, Tong Linge knew that the life of the officers and soldiers was hard, so he shared the happiness and hardships with the soldiers, eating miscellaneous grains and drinking salt water together. However, in order to avoid the situation of disturbing the people, he often taught his troops that "you can't disturb the people, starvation is just a small matter, you must have the integrity that a soldier should have" These may be what the soldiers often said when they heard Tong Linge.
Not only that, Tong Linge also led all the officers and men to renovate the streets and plant trees in the Xinyang area where they were stationed, and the army led by Tong Linge received the support of the masses when they were stationed in the Xinyang area. In 1921, after Feng Yuxiang defeated the Shaanxi warlords, the army was expanded, so Tong Linge was promoted to battalion commander.
With the start of the Zhifeng War, after Feng Yuxiang's troops took the Henan overseers, it was followed by a large-scale expansion of the troops. Feng Yuxiang began to reorganize his troops, and Tong Linge was promoted to regimental commander, and the regiment he led was more than 2,000 people. Soon after, with Feng Yuxiang's promotion and transfer of troops to garrison the Nanyuan area of Beijing. In the following year, Tong Linge continued to study advanced military theory, and his results were the best among the students in the same class. After completing the course, he will do his best to deal with the affairs of the regimental headquarters.
In 1924, Tong Linge was promoted to brigade commander for his excellent performance, and with Feng Yuxiang launched the Beijing coup, after Feng Yuxiang's victory, he continued to expand and reorganize his army, and it was logical that Tong Linge was promoted to division commander.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="16" > crusade against warlords</h1>
In 1926, under the pretext of Feng Yuxiang's troops being "redwashed", Duan Qirui and other warlords organized 500,000 troops to divide into five roads to attack Feng Yuxiang's army stationed in Beijing, and Feng Yuxiang's troops could only avoid their attacks, and the main force retreated to the vicinity of the Nankou area.
At this time, Feng Yuxiang was not in China. However, at this time, the troops led by Tong Linge were stationed in the area of Nankou. Zhang Zuolin, Yan Xishan, and other warlords took advantage of Feng Yuxiang's absence from home to launch a fierce attack on the troops. Equipped with advanced tanks and other heavy equipment, these warlords launched a fierce attack on Tong Linge's army.
Duan Qirui
After Tong Linge accepted the defensive task, he urgently formulated a battle plan. At this meeting, he pointed out that these warlords seriously endangered the interests of the masses of the people and often burned and plundered, so they would certainly not win the support of the people. Moreover, the 400,000 warlords of these warlords are just a ragtag bunch, and if they cannot conquer them for a long time, there will be contradictions, and they will be dissolved. And the area of Nankou is easy to defend and difficult to attack. As long as we can strengthen and hold our positions and use various methods to strike at and consume the enemy, we can completely win more with less.
Northern Expedition Oath Conference
Unfortunately, however, Tong Linge's troops did not achieve victory due to the huge gap in troop strength, and the whole army began to retreat westward. Tong Linge's army retreated until it was garrisoned in Gansu. After Feng Yuxiang returned to China, in response to the Northern Expedition, he led all officers and soldiers to join the Kuomintang. In August of 2626, Yang Hucheng's army was besieged by the warlord Wu Peifu's army for nearly eight months, and Yang Hucheng's army gradually became unsupported. Feng Yuxiang immediately led all the officers and men to the rescue, defeated Wu Peifu's army, and lifted the siege of Xi'an.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="18" > the Tianshui garrison "retreated"</h1>
After 1927, Tong Linge was stationed in Tianshui, Gansu. During the period of stationing in Tianshui, many policies for the benefit of the country and the people were promulgated. Schools and orphanages have been created to solve the problems of the survival of many homeless refugees and to give them a more modern, democratic perspective. A policy of not allowing locals to smoke heavily and smoking and prohibiting smoking has also been promulgated.
In the Tianshui area, the story of Tong Linge is still circulating. Tong Linge had no official shelf and often observed the customs and customs of the Tianshui area alone. Once, when he was inspecting a county town, he found that the county magistrate of the county often oppressed the local people with his power, and he was afraid of Tong Linge's inspection, so he decided to bribe Tong Linge, hoping to raise his noble hand. Tong Linge angrily rebuked the county magistrate on the spot and immediately dismissed the county magistrate.
Ma Zhongying
After the division of Ninghan and Han, Feng Yuxiang was appointed commander-in-chief of the Second Army of the National Revolutionary Army, and after taking office in Xi'an, he announced that the army was marching to Henan, and Tong Linge led his troops to march into Luoyang and other places in May.
Ma Jiajun
Because of Tong Linge's excellent command skills and good military quality, when fighting against the Feng army, he was brave and fearless, and in less than a month he captured Kaifeng, Zhengzhou and other places. His excellent performance was greatly appreciated by Feng Yuxiang.
In January of 2028, as the Nationalist government launched the Northern Expedition again, Tong Linge moved to Henan, Shandong, Hebei and other places.
In that year, Tong Linge led his troops to Gansu, but was surrounded by Ma Zhongying's forces. Because Ma Zhongying was a representative of the Hui nationality and had exhausted the national superiority in the Gansu region, on the other hand, Tong Linge did not want to cause ethnic conflicts and disputes, which would endanger the interests of the overall situation of the country, so he could only tolerate Ma Zhongying's troops everywhere, thus causing a large number of casualties in Tong Linge's army. After this battle, Tong Linge believed that he had caused a large number of casualties in the army because of his improper handling, so he decided to resign.
Tong Linge and his family
In October of the same year, Tong Linge resigned from the army and returned to his hometown of Gaoyang County, ready to accompany his parents and honor them well. However, the villagers in their hometowns can only drink bitter water to survive all year round, especially in the year of drought, and the villagers cannot even drink bitter water.
Therefore, Tong Linge decided to take the villagers to dig three wells, so that the villagers could drink sweet water, and the wells are still in use. And whenever there is a New Year's Festival, Tong Linge will issue three silver dollars to each household for the villagers who cannot eat dumplings. During the sowing season, the villagers could only cultivate the land on their own, and Tong Linge bought a cow for the villagers to use in the ploughing land. In addition, he realized the importance of reading, so he opened a local school for children to read.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="20" > hero out of the mountains again</h1>
Tong Linge is destined not to be forgotten by history. After 1929, the Nationalist government reactivated Tong Linge, and he was appointed commander of the reorganized Eleventh Division.
In the 1930s, the Central Plains War broke out, and Tong Linge was ordered to form a new army, recruit a large number of new soldiers, and start training.
Tong Linge trained soldiers in a very disciplined manner. When training soldiers, they can be rewarded for their merits and punished clearly. But he no longer takes the physical punishment of the past for soldiers who make mistakes. Instead, soldiers who have made ordinary mistakes are privately exhorted, hoping not to do so again. For soldiers who have committed a big problem but do not touch the criminal law, it is hoped that these soldiers will admit their mistakes in public at the right time and write a review and measures to improve.
Central Plains War
In 1930, due to the defeat of Feng Yuxiang's army in the Central Plains War, he and Feng Yuxiang once lived a quiet life, but during this period, Tong Linge always consulted with Feng Yuxiang to analyze the lessons of political struggle, and often listened to lectures by democratic progressives and the Communist Party, which made Tong Linge gain a more advanced and democratic consciousness.
Something happened in April 1932 that completely changed Tong Linge's life. Feng Yuxiang found Tong Linge in Zhangjiakou to discuss the formation of an alliance army, but because Feng Yuxiang did not inform Tong Linge in advance, Tong Linge's wife did not know how to entertain this famous boss for a while. Tong Linge told his wife: "What we usually eat, we can eat now, just nest head and pickles." ”
Anti-Japanese allies
When Feng Yuxiang arrived at Tong Linge's home, Tong Linge entertained Feng Yuxiang with these meals, and when Feng Yuxiang saw these meals prepared by Tong Linge, he did not say anything, but directly ate them in a big mouthful. After eating, Feng Yuxiang praised Tong Linge for not losing his true colors as a farmer.
During this visit to Tong Linge's home, Feng Yuxiang talked to him about his confidence in resolutely resisting Japan and decided to take the route of armed resistance against the Japanese invaders in the future. Tong Linge was very excited after listening to it, and said on the spot that he very much wanted to resist the Japanese invaders, even if it was worth giving up his life. Since then, they have jointly planned to fight against the Japanese invaders.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="22" > the growth path of anti-Japanese heroes</h1>
In 3303, the Japanese Kwantung Army declared that in order to maintain law and order in Hebei and other places, it was necessary for the Japanese Kwantung Army to garrison Shijiazhuang. At this critical moment, Feng Yuxiang announced the establishment of the Anti-Japanese Alliance. On this day, fourteen generals jointly expressed that they would swear to fight the Japanese Kou to the death under the leadership of Feng Yuxiang, drive the Japanese invaders out of China, and recover the Lost Chinese land.
Twenty-ninth Army Knife Brigade
After June 20, Tong Linge actively cooperated with the commander-in-chief Ji Hongchang to send troops to Zhangbei, fiercely attacked the Japanese and extremely puppet troops, successively recovered Baochang, Kangbao and other areas, and led his troops to continue to advance, and recaptured Duolun after more than ten days. During this period, more than a thousand Japanese troops were annihilated.
Because of Tong Linge's heroic attack, the military prestige of the anti-Japanese allied army was greatly enhanced, and Tong Lingezi not only had to fight against the Japanese Kou during this period, but also handled the administrative affairs of these areas, and also organized the people to actively resist the Japanese, organize rescue and transportation of the wounded. He is deeply supported and loved by the local people.
Tong Linge continued to fight bravely against the Japanese army, but due to Chiang Kai-shek's military oppression, the anti-Japanese allies were attacked from both sides and suffered from the enemy on their stomachs and backs. In addition to the combat area is relatively poor, the army supply is very difficult. As a result, the anti-Japanese allied forces gradually could not hold up, which led Feng Yuxiang to announce the anti-Japanese resistance and the recovery of the land to other people, and the anti-Japanese allies died prematurely.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="24" > re-reverted</h1>
Due to the unfortunate death of the anti-Japanese allies, Tong Linge was deeply disappointed that he had not completely driven the Japanese invaders out of China, and in the face of the loss of the land, he had no choice but to return to Beiping Xiangshan and reunite with his family. During his time in Xiangshan, he read and wrote every day. From time to time, he went out hunting, but he still could not forget his original ambition to serve the country.
During the period when Tong Linge lived in Xiangshan, he was constantly invited out of the mountain by the commander of the Twenty-ninth Army. At this moment, due to the high anti-Japanese enthusiasm and movement of the masses of the people and college students, Tong Linge deeply felt that the time had come to resist Japan, so he gladly accepted the invitation to go out of the mountain.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="26" > all-out comeback to the war</h1>
After accepting the invitation to return, Tong Linge served as the head of the military training regiment and the head of the college student military training class, and in the process of training soldiers, Tong Linge showed his determination to resolutely resist Japan and the courage of being a pioneer to soldiers and students, so young people and college students from all over the country who aspired to resist Japan went to the Twenty-ninth Army.
Group photo of senior generals of the Twenty-ninth Army
Song Zheyuan, who presided over the political situation of Ji cha, resigned unavoidably because he could not bear the threats and temptations of the Japanese army and internal traitors, but Tong Linge became the acting commander of the Twenty-ninth Army and was directly responsible for commanding the military affairs of the Twenty-ninth Army. Under his leadership, tong linge's army united with each other and cooperated with each other, and they all wanted to fight bravely against the Japanese army.
The Japanese army in the Lugou Bridge Incident
On July 6, 1937, the Japanese army stationed in Fengtai was fully armed and asked to go through Wanping City to participate in the drama activities, and the Chinese troops stationed in Wanping confronted the Japanese army for more than ten hours, and the Japanese army finally retreated. But only a day later, the Japanese suddenly launched a fierce attack on the Lugou Bridge. Tong Linge immediately ordered a fierce counterattack.
When all the officers and men of the Twenty-ninth Army learned that the Japanese army had brazenly attacked the Lugou Bridge, they were very angry and asked for battle. Tong Linge immediately told the soldiers that as long as all the people are united, we will certainly be able to drive out the Japanese invaders, as a Chinese, we will not give up every inch of our land, our Twenty-ninth Army will do the first pass to block the Japanese army, as soldiers, even if the Twenty-ninth Army is killed, it is also glorious!
The battlefield was restored in the Lugou Bridge Incident
Therefore, Tong Linge issued orders to all the units of the Twenty-ninth Army, but whenever the Japanese army attacked, we would fight the Japanese army to the death at all costs and coexist with the Lugou Bridge.
At noon on July 7, the Japanese army twice bombarded the Lugou Bridge with more than 100 shells fired in succession with heavy artillery, and the vicinity of the Lugou Bridge station was occupied by the Japanese army, and at the same time the Japanese army violently attacked from the east bank of the Yongding River to the west bank, the Chinese troops guarding the west of the bridge stubbornly resisted, but all the soldiers in the platoon died heroically, and the Chinese troops guarding Wanping City in town held large knives, provided rapid support, and the large knives slashed fiercely into the heads of the Japanese troops, and for a moment the Japanese army was full of blood and flesh, and the broken limbs and corpses were all over the battlefield. After the eleventh day, the Chinese and Japanese armies were still fighting continuously near the Lugou Bridge.
The envoys stationed at the Lugou Bridge were Chinese troops
At this critical moment, Song Zheyuan, who had previously resigned from his post on the pretext of resigning, returned to Tianjin, believing that the Lugou Bridge incident could be mediated, and Tong Linge urgently sent a telegram to Song Zheyuan, hoping that Song Zheyuan would not have such illusions and be deceived by the Japanese. But Song Zheyuan did not listen to his opinion and signed an armistice agreement. After Song Zheyuan returned to Beiping, he actually ordered the defense of the city gate to be removed, but Tong Linge resolutely opposed it and strongly dissuaded Song Zheyuan, hoping that Song Zheyuan would resolutely resist Japan.
Song Zheyuan, at the request of Tong Linge, made up his mind to resist the war. On the twenty-seventh day, it was said that the Japanese army had deceived people too much and decided to reject all inappropriate demands of the Japanese side. At the same time, it is also preparing to strengthen the defense of Peiping. Therefore, the Twenty-ninth Army stationed in Nanyuan was urgently transferred to defend Beiping.
Weapons and equipment captured by the Japanese army
At this critical moment, Tong Linge told Song Zheyuan that he would coexist and die in Nanyuan and that he would not leave. But at the same time, he ordered the Twenty-ninth Army to march to Beiping and go to the town to defend Beiping. At this moment, the only people who were determined to stick to Nanyuan with Tong Linge were some students in the college student military training class.
On this day, the Japanese army launched a fierce attack on Nanyuan, and Tong Linge led the students of the university student military training class and more than 5,000 people of the Twenty-ninth Army Guard Brigade to defend Nanyuan. The Japanese invaders used planes and artillery to bomb Nanyuan wildly, but the morale of the Chinese defenders was high, and the Japanese army attacked the city for half a day, but still failed to take Nanyuan. The losses on both sides were heavy.
Because of the outnumbered, Tong Linge's troops were surrounded by the Japanese army in the process of intercepting the Japanese army, and the Japanese army used machine guns to strafe the Chinese army, and at this time Tong Linge was swept in the leg by the machine gun, and the blood was splashed, and the subordinates immediately asked Tong Linge to retreat, but Tong Linge said: "Don't care about me, continue to fight, when the country is in crisis, my life and death is a small matter, and the country is a big thing." "After saying that, despite the injuries, he continued to fight.
The battle was fierce, with corpses strewn across the battlefield. The Japanese army still did not take Nanyuan, so they sent more aircraft to bomb, and Tong Linge, who continued to fight with wounds, was hit in the head by shells and martyred.
You can also click to watch the video without feeling the picture: The July 7 Incident, the military department ordered the emergency evacuation of the 29th Army, why did deputy commander Tong Linge disobey