Speaking of Yan Liang, everyone is quite unfamiliar. Yan Liang has always been one of the most talked about tyrants in the history of the wild, and his absurdity and his penchant for killing have always been criticized by people. However, is the real yanliang really only the cruel and bloodthirsty side of itself? Does he have any credit? Talented? What was his life like? Listen to JAL Jun's breakdown below.
(1) Usurpation of the throne by killing the king
At the beginning of the "History of Jin", Yan Liang is called "Abolished Emperor Hailing Shuren Liang". We can see that Yan Liang was also a person who had been an emperor, but he was deposed in the end. So, how did his throne come about?
It was obtained by Killing His Own Monarch and Usurping the Throne. The History of Jin records that:
In December, Ding Wei, Ku Tu and Ali came out of the tiger and straight. It was night, and Xingguo took the key to open the door to Na Hailing, Bingde, Debate, Wu Dai, Tu Shan Zhen, Li Lao monk and others to the sleeping hall, and then killed Xi Zong. After the "Peng Chen, the Qunchen Shangzun Title Yue Fa Tian, Yun Rui Wu XuanWen Daming Shengxiao Emperor, Zhao Zhongguo. ”
From the above records, we can see that the origin of the throne can be said to be unjustified, and it was obtained through a coup d'état. Moreover, the "History of Jin" also mentions:
"In the beginning, Emperor Xizong took the throne as the grandson of Taizu, and Liang Yi thought that he was the eldest son of Emperor Zonggan's grandson, and he was also the grandson of Taizu, so he coveted it." "Hailing is unpredictable, so the intention of recalling is great fear."
From the records in this piece, we can see that Guanyan Liang had coveted the imperial throne very early, and his own rebellion also had the emperor's speculations about him and personal worries. But the truth of the matter is that Yan Liang killed Jin Xizong and usurped the throne.
It can be said that the usurpation of the throne by the emperor has always been a matter of contempt. Han Feizi argues:
The subject hears, does not know, does not know, does not know; knows but does not speak, is unfaithful. If you are unfaithful to others, you should die, and if you are not right, you should die. ”
Later generations such as Dong Zhongshu and Ban Gu also put forward the views of the Three Principles and Five Constants. In the "Liwei", it is written: The three programs are said to be the king as the subject, the father is the son, and the husband is the wife. It can be said that in the concept of the ancients, the concept of loyalty was very important, and some people even put forward the absurd idea that "the king wants the subject to die, and the subject has to die". An unfaithful person like Wanyan Liang is indeed despised.
Looking at Yan Liang from the face, he was quite fierce
(2) Poor soldiers
Like many usurpers, Wanyanliang wanted to rely on powerful force and prominent military feats to silence those who doubted him. So he launched a campaign against the Song. According to the record:
"Shangzi General Thirty-two Commanders cut down the Song Dynasty and entered Shouchun" "Shangshu Su Baoheng of the Ministry of Works was the commander of the water army of Eastern Zhejiang Province, and the Yidu Yin Zheng family was deputy, from the Sea Road To Lin'an." "Taiyuan Yin Liu Cao was under the command of the soldiers and horses of the Hannan Province, and the Jinan Yin servants were scattered and wu were subordinate, and entered caizhou" "Yin Tu Shan Hexi in the river was the commander of the Western Shu Province camp, and The Pingyang Yin Zhang Zhongyan was the deputy, and Fengxiang took the scattered passes, and the garrison was ordered to be rear-handed. ”
We can see that Yan Liang dispatched a total of four large armies to cut down the Song Dynasty, and the momentum was huge, and it seemed that there was a determination to eliminate the Song in a war. But the result is:"
The Song people fought against the war, but the Meng'an Han Tang army was defeated. "Su Baoheng and the Song people of Zhejiang Province fought in the sea route, and they were defeated, and the deputy commander Zheng Jia died." "Garrison Jiangbei." The commander of Wuping, Ah Lin, crossed the river to the south bank first, but lost. ”
Successive defeats made Yan Liang's plan to curry favor almost fail, and finally returned home. It can be said that yan liang's poor military behavior caused great harm to the people of both Song and Jin. And in the end, the rear was empty, and the opposition forces took the opportunity to rise up, causing a huge blow to Yan Liang's rule.
Yan Liang's four-way army was eventually defeated by Song, which also became one of the reasons for his death
(3) Cruelty and murderousness
Because his own throne came from the wrong way, Yan Liang himself raised a butcher knife to consolidate the throne. It can be said that Yan Liang is a bloodthirsty butcher, he is cruel and murderous, from excluding dissidents to killing his own relatives, he can be said to be innocent and no evil.
First of all, after Yan Liang usurped the throne, the exclusion of dissidents, according to the record:
"After deceiving Emperor Xizong to discuss the establishment, he summoned the ministers and killed The King of Cao Zongmin and Zuo Cheng Xiang Zongxian" "On the afternoon of April, he killed Taifu and Lingsan Shi Zongben, and Shangshu Zuo Cheng Xiang Tang Kuo defended and sentenced Emperor Dazong Zhengfu Shi Zongmei." ”
From the above bloody records, we can see that when Yan Liang ascends the throne, he will kill those who are disloyal to him one by one to avoid them from threatening his own rule.
Later, the scope of the killing became larger and larger, and Yan Liang even brandished the butcher knife to his relatives. According to the record:
"Sent envoys to kill and lead The Leader Tai Shangshu Province Bingde, Tokyo left Zong Yi, Beijing left Bian and Taizong descendants more than seventy people, Zhou Song King Zong Han descendants more than thirty people, more than fifty people in the various clan rooms."
Yan Liang wantonly slaughtered his own clan relatives, and his hands were vicious, which was rare in the world. Later, it was even more inhumane, according to the record:
Empress Dowager Shan of the Song Dynasty was still ordered to burn it in the palace and abandon its bone water.
He killed the empress dowager and threw the bones into the water. In the edict of the sin of Yan Liang, it is also written:
Several Hailings were evil: Emperor Taizong and Zong Han, Zong Bi's descendants and Zong Ben's kings, destroyed the Shangjing Palace, killed the Liaoyu King, the Song Tianshui County King, the County Prince And grandson, and dozens of other things.
In the "History of Jin", there are many records of Yan Liang's indiscriminate killing, and this article only intercepts a small part of them. From this small part alone, we can see the cruel and murderous intent of Yan Liang, not to mention the more records. Yan Liang's murderous evil deeds can be said to be difficult to read.
Cruelty and murderousness are one of the labels of the finished face
(4) Absurdity
The absurdity of Yan Liang has always been popular among the people and widely circulated in the history of the wild. We can say that Yan Liang is full of energy, keen on sexual enjoyment, full of tricks, and absurd.
This is recorded in the History of Jin:
"Jia Yin, personally selected more than one hundred and thirty sons of the Liang family to fill the harem." "On the fifth day of November, all the sisters of the Divine Command were divided into concubines, and they entered and left the forbidden place, and fornication, and the lichens were set up in the bed, and the nakedness was a drama."
From the above records, we can see that this person, who is enthusiastic about such sexual immorality and takes pleasure in it, is also rare in the degree of absurdity.
The absurdity of Yan Liang is the talk of the wild history
(5) Extravagance and lasciviousness
Yan Liang is keen on material enjoyment, he is obsessed with gorgeous and magnificent palaces, his own luxurious life, it can be said that "regard money as dung", spending heavily, spending people's fat and people's anointing, so that the people of Jinguo live in the depths of the water. According to historical records:
To the Nanjing Palace, the cost of transporting one wood is up to 20 million, and the force of a car is up to 500 people. The decoration of the palace, all over the gold and then five mining, the gold chips fly like falling snow. The cost of a temple is hundreds of millions, and it is destroyed and destroyed, and it is extremely gorgeous. He built warships on the river in the south, destroyed the people's huts as materials, boiled the dead people to anoint them with oil, destroyed the people's strength like horses and cattle, spent money like earth, and emptied the country to try to make the people's country, so it was defeated.
We see in this detailed account that when Guanyan Liang built his own palace, he spent a huge amount of money without moderation; when he went out to fight, he also did not increase the people's strength, and arbitrarily spent money, causing a huge burden to the people. Think of the people as cattle, horses, and grass, and money as rubble and earth. Its own arrogance is evident.
Yan Liang built a gorgeous palace for his own enjoyment
I said a lot about the atrocities of this person. But is such a violent complete face bright, is it really a perfect face? If you only look at Yan Liang in a violent and fainting appearance, it is inevitable that you will be biased. Yan Liang himself was also an extremely talented and politically capable monarch.
(1) Brilliant talent
Yan Liang himself is talented, loves Han culture, and his own poetry skills are also very strong. With a clear tyrannical color and a tough wind, it was incomparable to the weak Song Ci at that time.
Yan Liang once wrote "Nian Nu Jiao Tianding Fury", the words are:
Tianding was furious, overturned the silver sea, and scattered the beads and foils. Six strange flowers flew and rolled, flattening the hills and ravines in the mountains. Hao Hu was frantic, Su Lin was rampant, and broke the pearl rope. The jade dragon fought fiercely, and the scales and armor fell all over the sky. Whoever reads the Wanli Guanshan, zhengfu stands stiffly, and carries the flag and feet. The spear of seyinggo, the light shaking sword, the murderous rampage. Qi Hu Haoxiong, partial and heroic, talked with the military strategy. You must fight for a drunk and look at the blue sky silhouette.
We can see that this poem is atmospheric and imposing, straight to the bullfight. Literary critic Zhang Jing believes:
Hailing words are extremely majestic and angry, and there is no similar word person in the Song dynasty. This is naturally a unique style generated by his personality, and at the same time, it can be regarded as the extreme of the strong wind of northern literature. As he wrote of Snow: 'Tending is furious... Break the pearl rope. Such wild anger can only be seen as an externalization of the writer's mentality. ”
Therefore, we can say that Yan Liang's own literary style is very outstanding. People at that time also called him "a groan and a sigh, the crown of the time". At that time, the people of Jiangnan also admired: the strength of the north is absolutely better than the weakness of the south of the river. After Yan Liang,After his own pathless emperor, there is also a majestic, brilliant, and extremely talented poet.
Yan Liang's poems are full of the spirit of the Northland
(2) Outstanding politicians
Those who have the ability to usurp the throne since ancient times must have superb and outstanding political means, such as Wang Mang and Wan yanliang.
First of all, after Yan Liang took the throne, he did one thing, that is, to move the capital to Yanjing. According to the record:
Yi Di ,in order to move the capital to The Chinese and foreign countries. Changed to Yuan Zhenyuan. Changed Yanjing to Zhongdu, The capital is Daxing, Beijing is Nanjing, and Zhongjing is Beijing.
After Yan Liang moved the capital to Yanjing, and modeled on the model of the Song Dynasty, nanjing-bijing and zhongjing-Beijing were set up. It can be said that the practice of finishing Yan Liang is very prescient. The original capital of the Jinguo was located in Shangjing, and it was good for the Jinguo, which was originally located in the northeast, to build its capital in Shangjing. However, with the destruction of the Northern Song Dynasty by the Jin Dynasty and the continuous expansion of the territorial area, Shangjing, located in the northeast, became inconvenient, and there were many errors and omissions in the transportation of materials and official documents, and the envoys who came and went also needed to travel long distances to eat and sleep. In addition, it was difficult for Shangjing, which was partial to the northeast, to form effective control over the Central Plains, which was not conducive to the Control of the Central Plains by the Jin Dynasty. In addition, Shangjing left too many traces of Jin Xizong, making people see things and think about things, which will inevitably lead to rebellion and shake Yan Liang's rule. Therefore, the relocation of Yan Liang can be said to be a more correct decision after careful consideration.
The relocation of Yan Liang has its own thoughtfulness
In addition, Yan Liang also made quite a difference in political affairs, according to records:
Yi Mi, with the seven things of encouraging officials to keep, farming time, prudent punishment, promoting the side of the ugly, showing compassion for the poor, saving money, and judging talents. There are also records: Yi Wei, on the hunt, the prime minister resigned in the suburbs. Shangzhu Ma Jiezhi said: "At the expense of the high lord Houlu to Ren Ru and so on, more than to stay in the news, why don't you wait for yourself to think of civil affairs?" From now on, he will observe his diligence and laziness, and think that he will reward and punish him, and he will encourage him. ”
From these records, we can also see that GuanyanLiang is not the kind of emperor we imagine who only knows how to be extravagant and lascivious, on the contrary, he has done a lot in politics, knows how to control people's hearts, and knows how to give orders. He was not a faint monarch, but a more shrewd politician.
Guan Yanliang belongs to the more diligent monarchs
In addition, Yan Liang is diligent in government affairs. "Reading the chapters, governing the affairs of the palace, often until the night of the C, and starting the imperial inner bed" It can be seen that he is a more diligent emperor.
In the evaluation of Yan Liang in the "History of Jin", it is written: Hailing Zhi is enough to refuse advice, and words are enough to play wrong. It can be said that it is a relatively high evaluation, and it can also be seen that Yan Liang is a person with outstanding talent and relatively high political ability.
A generation of tyrants eventually died a tragic death
All along, in people's minds, Guan Yanliang is a faint monarch. But people often overlook some of the advantages and strengths behind him. He was a tyrant, a butcher but also a politician, a man of all words.
In Liu Qi's words, the evaluation is: Although the people of Hailing shu are obscene and self-reliant, they are heroic and have great ambitions, and the official system and laws are considerable. And the promotion of talents will be mixed up for a day. Although the work is not successful, it is strong enough.
After the excessive ugliness of the later generations, it can already be said that it is completely unrecognizable, and the real yanliang is afraid that more interpretation is needed. The evaluation of history is not simply good or bad, and more interesting things need to be discovered from the literature.
References: "Jin Shi", "Han Feizi", "Li Ji Justice", "Water Margin", "Shi Shi", "Gui Qianzhi"
Text: JAL Tongjian Photo: From the network and the station, invasion and deletion