On March 12, 1925, Dr. Sun Yat-sen died in Beijing, and the coffin was parked in Central Park, and hundreds of thousands of people went to mourn and express their mourning. According to the "Record of Lamentations" compiled by Mr. Zhongshan's Funeral Office, within half a month, Beijing alone received more than 7,000 wreaths, more than 59,000 pairs of banners, plus the elegy received by the public sacrifices of various provinces and sent by overseas compatriots through telegrams, letters and other forms, totaling no less than 100,000 pieces.
Many of the authors of the elegy and the elegy include comrades, allies and followers of Mr. Zhongshan's revolutionary cause, as well as those who parted ways with him before his death, betrayed him, and even fought with him. These elegy poems are not only a contest of the author's talents, but also the embodiment of their political stance. The comrades and allies expressed their grief for the loss of their leader and their determination to carry out the revolution to the end, and those who had been inseparable from each other used this to express their secret and undeclared hearts, the undefined voice of the grudge between them and Mr. Zhongshan, the drunken meaning of right and wrong, and their yuliang thoughts and Zeng Zuo's sighs.
At that time, it was a prosperous period of alternating new and old cultures, and most of the authors of The Link had a deep foundation in the old school, and the words they wrote were elegant and deep, quite subtle and meaningful, and the meaning of a word axe, which was intriguing, introducing deep thinking, and worth pondering and chewing repeatedly.
The revolution has not yet succeeded;
Comrades still have to work.
Many people think that this couplet was made by Mr. Nakayama himself, but it is not. Before his death, Mr. Zhongshan designated Wang Zhaoming (号精衛, although Wang Zhaoming later treasoned to the enemy and despised the country and the nation, but at that time he was still a revolutionary and a progressive force) to write a political will on his behalf, which was later known to the world as the "Prime Minister's Will". Although Mr. Zhongshan did not explicitly state who was his successor, it was very clear that Wang Zhaoming had to write a political will on his behalf, and Wang Zhaoming also used this to present himself as Mr. Zhongshan's revolutionary successor, and other leaders in the Kuomintang also acquiesced to this fact. This painting is Wang Zhaoming's highly summarized core content of the "Premier's Testament", concise and catchy, which was placed in front of the spirit of Mr. Zhongshan at that time and later became one of the political symbols of the Chinese Kuomintang.
Doctrine of The Chinese and foreign countries;
Genie Sun Moon.
--Chiang Kai-shek
Chiang Kai-shek has spent his life as a student and a disciple of Mr. Zhongshan, and this painting highly summarizes Mr. Zhongshan's great deeds and revolutionary spirit in the most concise language.
Guangdong is the area where modern ideological trends converge, and since the Ming Dynasty to the present, the han breeds have been relict, the city of Waibangtong, and even the rise of Taiping, all of which have been nurtured and flourished in Sixiang; Mr. Sheng was born in the middle of the revolution, inherited the future, cleaned up the new and the old, promoted the great righteousness of the nation, and will definitely rebuild Qiankun; for more than forty years, he has worked hard to swear to use the blue sky and the white sun, the red flag all over the earth, arousing the spirit of freedom and independence, and leaving a healthy atmosphere for the world;
China is the place where the world's great powers compete, from Taixi to Japan, political plunder, economic encroachment, and even conspiracy, and contending with the slave Cow Mar family country; our party is suitable for this meeting, losing our founding of the country, the clouds are miserable, the earth is gloomy, ask who will succeed them, resolutely reorganize; billions of trillions, only workers and farmers, must be the three people and five rights, collective wisdom and collective efforts, obey the precepts of sacrifice and struggle, and become a great cause to comfort the heroic soul.
——— Li Dazhao
At that time, during the first period of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, Li Dazhao, an outstanding leader in the early days of the CPC, wrote a 214-character long couplet expressing his profound understanding and high appraisal of Sun Yat-sen's lifelong struggle for the revolution. This painting has a lofty intention and a broad perspective, dating back to the late Ming Dynasty, the process of the great powers being involved in the invasion of China, and the Chinese people have since suffered from the tragic rule of semi-colonial and semi-feudalism, commending the indomitable resistance and revolutionary spirit of the Chinese people from the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom to the present, expressing deep regret for Mr. Zhongshan's unfulfilled ambitions, and firm confidence in the future of the revolution.
Sun Lang made the world three points, when Wei De first meng, Jiang Biao could not forget to attack Xu;
The southern country is an old thing of my family, and the spiritual cultivation is vast, and Wuguan entered the alliance qin for no reason.
- Zhang Taiyan
Zhang Binglin (号太炎), in 1903, was arrested and imprisoned for publishing the "Book of Refuting Kang Youwei's Revolution" and writing a preface to Zou Rong's "Revolutionary Army", angering the Qing court. After his release from prison in 1906, Sun Yat-sen welcomed him to Japan, joined the League, and edited the People's Daily, the organ of the League, and engaged in polemics with the reformists. After the restoration of Shanghai in 1911, he returned to China and served as a privy adviser to Sun Yat-sen's presidential office. In 1917, the Kuomintang, which was reorganized from Sun Yat-sen, set up the Zhang's Guoxue Seminar in Suzhou, taking lecturing as a profession.
Zhang Taiyan once revolutionized with Mr. Zhongshan, but due to different political views, the two gradually drifted apart. However, the day after Mr. Nakayama's death, Zhang came to Mr. Nakayama's mansion as an officer of the memorial service preparation department, and immediately wrote the couplet. There are many dictionaries for this combination, and it needs to be explained in detail.
Shanglian "Sun Lang made the world three points, when Wei De first sprouted, Jiang Biao could not forget to attack Xu", both classical and modern. Classical use of the Three Kingdoms at the end of the Han Dynasty, five years after Jian'an, Cao Cao and Yuan Shao in the Guandu War (both in the United "Wei De Chu Meng", when Cao Cao's power was just rising, the power was not as good as Yuan Shao), known as Jiangdong "Sun Lang" Sun Ce at that time once conspired to sneak out of Xu Du, took Cao Cao's old lair, controlled Emperor Xian of Han, and blackmailed tianzi himself to order the princes. This plan was very clever, but unfortunately it was not yet time to implement it, and Sun Ce was killed by Xu Gong's guests. That is, Lianzhong said, "How can [Cao Cao's side] forget that Jiang Biao (Sun Ce's side) secretly attacked Xu Du." Later, Sun Ce and his successor Sun Quan dominated Jiangdong and stood on three feet with Cao Cao and Liu Bei, which means "Sun Lang makes the world three points".
This canon refers to the fact that after the founding of the Republic of China, Mr. Zhongshan successively launched the Battle of Yuan (Shi Kai) to restore the country and the protector of Duan (Qirui), and fought with Yuan Shikai and the Beiyang warlords many times, forming a mutually incomprehensible vendetta. At that time, the domestic situation was also divided into three parts, the Beiyang government in Beijing, the base camp of the Grand Marshal of the Kuomintang in the south, and Zhang Zuolin, who supported the army and respected himself outside Guanwai.
Xialian "The southern kingdom is the old thing of my family, the spiritual cultivation is vast, and Wuguan entered the alliance with Qin for no reason", the classical uses the allusion of the King of Chuhuai during the Warring States period, the King of Chuhuai did not listen to the dissuasion of his loyal subjects, and allied with the King of Qin Zhaoxiang in Wuguan, the King of Qin Zhaoxiang detained him, and three years later the King of Chuhuai died in Qin.
In October 1924, Zhang Zuolin, a warlord, and Feng Yuxiang, a general of the feng dynasty, jointly overthrew the warlord regime of Cao Kun as president. Feng Yuxiang, Duan Qirui, and Zhang Zuolin successively sent a telegram inviting Sun Yat-sen to go north to discuss the state of the country. Sun Yat-sen accepted the invitation and left Guangzhou for the north in November, first arriving in Shanghai and then taking a detour through Japan to Tianjin. At the end of December, he arrived in Beijing and died in Beijing on March 12 of the following year.
Zhang Taiyan was very dissatisfied with the practice of fighting and making peace between Sun Yat-sen and the Beiyang warlords, and he believed that the Beiyang warlords had absolutely no intention of abandoning their previous suspicions and cooperating sincerely with Sun Yat-sen, that is, as lianzhong said, "How can you forget the river's attack on Xu"; you Sun Yat-sen and the Beiyang department have fought several battles, and people still remember their revenge. Zhang Taiyan of the Lower League compared Mr. Zhongshan to the King of Chu Huai who had died in the Qin State, and compared Duan Qirui, who invited Mr. Duan Qirui, who had invited him to the north, to the treacherous State of Qin; the Kuomintang people were not satisfied, nor was the Beiyang Department satisfied, not to mention the inappropriate use of the inappropriate title of "Sun Lang" in the mourning of the deceased. Therefore, although Zhang Taiyan's painting was of a very high level and widely circulated, it was not allowed to hang in Mr. Zhongshan's spiritual hall at that time.
Later, some sinister people took advantage of the political festival between the two of them, pretending to be Zhang Taiyan's name, and uploaded another so-called alliance of the Bu Zhang clan in the society: the whole country did all of Soviet Russia, and the red was not as good as Chen Duxiu; the Manchu Dynasty was a righteous son, and Biyun should succeed Wei Zhongxian. Doing his best to slander and ridicule the ability, Zhang Taiyan published a statement to deny it. In 1929, after the Nationalist government established the capital nanjing, it built the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum and held the Zhongshan Feng'an Ceremony. Zhang Taiyan also wrote a painting of the Elegy, the words are: Hong yi jia zi extinguished, gong yi yi ugly death, success or failure in sixty years; born in Zhongshan, dead companion filial piety burial, a Kuang world ancient and modern. The tone is much more respectful than the first.
The hero does not have him, only stoic, can the whole world can be all of me; since ancient times, there are several successes, is creating a lot of eyes, half crying and half crying.
- Yang Du
Yang Duzi (杨度字皙子), the Tiger Gong (虎公), a native of Xiangtan, Hunan, was a strange person in the world. Mr. Zhongshan was praised as a "man of great talent", Liang Qichao was called "a typical Huxiang Xiucai", and Yuan Shikai was called "Kuangdai Yicai". In 1905, Sun Yat-sen and Yang Du met in Tokyo, and the two debated the question of the Chinese revolution for three days and three nights, Yang Du did not approve of Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary ideas, but he introduced Huang Xing to Sun Yat-sen, which led to the later Sun-Huang Cooperation and the establishment of the China League.
Yang Du first advocated revolution, and then turned to constitutionalism, which is particularly criticized for his initiation of the organization of the "Preparatory Security Council" to shake the banner for Yuan Shikai's restoration of the imperial system, and was known as the "scourge of hongxian". Before yuan shikai died, he shouted "Yang Du misled me." After Yuan Shikai's death, Yang Du made a painting hanging in front of Yuan Zhi's spirit, which was clearly a condolence, but it was actually a defense: the republic mistook the Republic of China, the Republic of China misunderstood the republic, and after a hundred lifetimes, he would then settle this prison; the Junxian would bear the Ming Gong, the Ming Gong would bear the Junxian, under the Nine Springs, and the Three Fu Si Yan. Yang Du later realized that his constitutional ideas did not work, and he had a deeper understanding of Mr. Zhongshan's revolutionary cause.
The Shanglian praised Mr. Zhongshan's lofty revolutionary spirit of bowing down to the country and the people, and the Shanglian reflected that Yang Du was deeply worried about the future of the revolution and was not optimistic about whether the revolution could succeed or not. In the winter of 1931, Yang Du, who had already joined the Ccp, a few days before his death, made a painting of his own, word cloud: Emperor Dao Zhenru, and now it has become a thing of the past; to heal the people and save the country, and to inherit his own descendants.
The republic is completed, the origin is traced, and the first merit is from the world;
The revolution goes on, the end of the day, and the big year does not ask the heavens.
——Duan Qirui
Sun Yat-sen was invited by Duan Qirui to go north to discuss state affairs, and died of illness in Beijing, and Duan Qirui, as the host, certainly could not do without a link. Duan Qirui's association seems to be ordinary, but in fact, it hides a mysterious secret. Xialian praised Mr. Zhongshan's perseverance to the revolution, repeated setbacks and repeated battles, and regretted that he did not take a long life ("Big Year" canonized "Zhuangzi Getaway", "Small knowledge is not as big as big knowledge, small years are not as big as big years"), there is no hidden word. The mystery of the shanglian is hidden in the words "republic" and "first merit".
In 1916, after Yuan Shikai's death, Li Yuanhong succeeded him as president, and Duan Qirui became the premier of the state, holding real power. In May of the following year, Li Yuanhong, supported by Zhang Xun, dismissed Duan Qirui from the post of premier, but Duan Tongdian denied that the order was valid and still regarded himself as prime minister. On July 1 of the same year, Zhang Xun supported Puyi's restoration, and on July 4, Duan Qirui swore an oath to attack Zhang Xun at Tianjin Machang in the name of the commander-in-chief of the rebel army. Zhang Xun's braided soldiers fought for only six days before the whole army was defeated, and Duan Qirui returned to power, claiming to have "recreated the republic" of the Republic of China (Duan Qirui boasted of "three republics" during the Xinhai Revolution, the Hongxian Imperial System, and Zhang Xun's assistance to Puyi's restoration). Shanglian emphasizes the words "republic" and "first merit", and the subtext is that the "first merit" of creating a republic is your Sun Yat-sen's, but I Duan Qirui has also "recreated the republic" three times, at least it can be ranked second, and secretly praised himself.
Only heroes can kill people alive, and the merits and crimes are right and wrong, and there are thousands of young histories;
He fought again and again with his former friends, and his public hatred and private friendship all depended on an inch of pure heart.
——Chen Jiongming
After the death of Mr. Zhongshan, Chen Jiongming, who lived in Hong Kong, also sent a tie- and at that time many people suggested rejecting it, but the Funeral Committee accepted it after repeated consultations and hung it in an inconspicuous place at the end of the tie-up queue. Chen Jiongming went from following Mr. Zhongshan's revolution to later meeting with Sun Yat-sen's soldiers and shelling the Presidential Palace on Yuexiu Mountain, forcing Mr. Zhongshan to avoid the Yongfeng ship. The two have changed from close comrades-in-arms to enemies who do not share the same heaven, which makes people sigh and sigh.
Chen Jiongming's couplet is summed up in one sentence: still not convinced! Chen Jiongming meant that although he was defeated in the end, he could not be judged by success or failure, and it was still impossible to determine who was right and who was wrong, and it was left to posterity to comment. Although he fought again and again with Mr. Zhongshan, it was not a personal grudge, it was a dispute of doctrines, and he was also for the sake of the country, out of a pure heart. The couplet text is smooth and sharp, and the attitude is sharp, showing the true colors of a generation of tyrants. After the announcement of this league, it immediately aroused the dissatisfaction of the Kuomintang. Shao Lizi believed that Chen Jiongming's alliance was to slander Sun Yat-sen, beautify himself, and downplay his betrayal of Mr. Zhongshan as a "former friend" and "personal friendship" that they only knew in each other's hearts, so he changed the "one war and one war and one war" in the lower league to "one rebellion and one rebellion", and "red heart" to "black heart", which was also a good story at that time.
Near the tomb of the Ming Emperor, Shi Qian was the overlord of the Benji and did not teach the hero of success or failure.
--Yuan Kewen
Yuan Kewen was the second son of Yuan Shikai, one of the famous "Four Princes of the Republic of China", Yuan Hanyun, although debauched, he was also literary. This couplet is implicit and rich in connotation, with great implications and extraneous sounds. The word "Jiangnan" in the Shanglian has a lot of articles, since the ancient orthodox Central Plains Dynasty has most of the capital and the north, most of the capitals built in Jiangnan are partial security regimes, not orthodox. The capital of the Republic of China was set in Nanjing, and yuan shikai's regime in Beijing at that time was in a confrontation, and Yuan Hanyun used the words "Jiangnan" instead of "Huaxia" and "Zhonghua" to immediately denounce the Republic of China established by Mr. Zhongshan as an arrogant regime in a corner of peace.
Although Xiang Yu initially established himself as the overlord of Western Chu and suppressed Liu Bang, the world was ultimately obtained by Liu Bang and owned by the Han family, where Yuan Hanyun compared Yuan Shikai to Liu Bang and Sun Yat-sen to Xiang Yu, and also pretended to be generous and said "do not teach success or failure to be a hero", doing his best to ridicule things, but also making people unable to grasp the handle, really a master of words, worthy of the name of a talented man.
As the saying goes, Wen Wu is the first, Wu wu is the second. However, in the tribute to Mr. Zhongshan at that time, there was indeed a work that was recognized as second to none and the most exclusive, which was composed by Xu Shuzheng. Xu Shuzheng is a stalwart of Duan Qirui's curtain, known as the "soul of the Duan family", assisting Duan Qirui in "three republics". Xu Shuzheng's greatest achievement in life was the invasion of Kulun (present-day Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia) in November 1919, forcing Outer Mongolia to abandon its so-called "independence" and return to China's embrace.
Although Xu Shuzheng lived in the Beiyang Department, he had studied in Japan, was influenced by revolutionary ideas, and was very much in favor of Mr. Nakayama's Three People's Principles. When Mr. Zhongshan died, Xu Shuzheng was on an expedition in Europe and sent back a telegram to Bang Lian:
A hundred years of government, if the people are first, they live in a word, and they are lost in a word;
Ten young people are still alive, and I don't know how many people are called emperors and several people are called kings.
--Xu Shuzheng
The previous sentence of this joint refers to the "Analects of the Analects of zilu", where the word "min" is a pun, which is not only the original meaning of "the people" in the original "Analects", but also refers to Mr. Zhongshan's three major doctrines of nationality, civil rights, and people's livelihood.
The next sentence is a classic of Cao Cao's "Let the County Self-Ming Ben Zhi Ling", indicating that Mr. Zhongshan is highly respected, gong covers taishan Beidou, and with him, those domestic restoration forces and jumping beam clowns do not dare to make a fool of themselves and create a second Hulai. Mr. Nakayama has become a symbol of the republic, and the concept of democracy and republicanism he advocated has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people and cannot be shaken. Mr. Zhongshan's lifelong revolution, Lide meritorious service is uncountable, Xu Shuzheng came with his hands, a few crosses, summed up the main achievements of Zhongshan's life, worthy of the big pattern, big weather, big strokes, had to be impressed.
According to Zhou You, a newspaperman from the Huangpu military background, "The death of Mr. Zhongshan, the mourning of the whole people, the raising of the national flag, the number of elegy words, Mo Kejiji, and at that time, xu clan was jointly promoted as the first." Yu once separately consulted Mr. Li Xiehe (Li Liejun), Hu Zhantang (Hu Hanmin), Wang Jingwei, and Zhang Puquan (Zhang Ji): Why is it that the Kuomintang's literati and scholars are extremely popular, but none of them can tell Mr. Sun's heart, so as to be able to compete with Xu's? Although the replies received were different, they unanimously determined that Xu Zhi's talent was far from reachable. ”
Other good ones are:
One man through the ages;
One man through the ages.
--Lin Sen
Fraternity is infinite, revolution creates a republic, and death for the people is as good as it can be;
Knowledge and deeds are not the same, suicide notes are all over the world, and the creation is different from the past.
- Hu Hanmin
It is the God of Chinese Freedom, the Three People and Five Powers, that overthrew thousands of years of autocracy in history;
May the deceased after my death work together to accomplish one or two unfinished deeds of mr. Li.
--Cai Yuanpei
Forty years of callos, really for the destiny of the people, for the heavens and the earth, in the course of the concessions, as if it were dust;
The tears of the ninety thousand lizhi soldiers and the people are known to have a reason, and their birth also has a self, and after blinding the eyes, the spirit and liver and gallbladder are still illuminated in the world.
--Yu Youren
Thin Washington and not for, let alone Mingzu;
Yu Marx is a latecomer, and Lenin is a few.
--Yako Liu
In 1929, after the completion of the Northern Expedition, the Nationalist government built the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Nanjing, and welcomed Mr. Zhongshan's coffin from Beijing to Nanjing to hold the Feng'an Ceremony, when some newspapers held a campaign for this purpose, only the upper link, until now, no one can come up to the stable and suitable lower link, the reader can try.
"Former Zhongshan, Post Zhongshan, Before and After Zhongshan Burial Bell Mountain;"
Former Zhongshan refers to Xu Da, the founding father of the Ming Dynasty, King Zhongshan, and Later Zhongshan refers to Dr. Sun Yat-sen, both of whom were buried on the banks of Zhongshan In Nanjing after their deaths.