This article is the exclusive original manuscript of Shi Shishi, and unauthorized reproduction/author Gao Cheng'er is strictly prohibited
Years are difficult to stay, and time is vulnerable. We live in this world, and we cannot get rid of the fate of life, old age, illness and death. During the Qin Dynasty, China had a population of 20 million; during the Han Dynasty, China had a population of 50 million; during the Qing Dynasty, China had a population of 400 million. They have also worked at sunrise, breathed in and out of the day, and have also been alive and thinking about life. But by now, except for a few skeletons and epitaphs, most of them have disappeared without a trace. What do people usually think of in the last moments of their lives? What do you think? Is it the love of children? Or an unfinished business? Let's look at the wills or testaments of some of the most famous figures of modern times to see what they really care about.
For a long time, I didn't want to say such a thing to you. Let's talk about it today! I may be about to die, I was afraid that you would be sad, but I always told you that now that science has developed, it can cure my disease. In fact, I have long understood that my illness is a terminal illness that cannot be cured and will not get better. In my life, I have been an emperor and a citizen, and I have a good fate, and now I have finally come to an end.
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We've been married for over five years and we're going to leave you alone, and I'm old and have no money, and I'm sorry for you in every way. Your body is very bad. I didn't leave you anything, there was no me, what do you do?
Having been both an emperor and a citizen, the answer is already obvious, that is, Puyi, the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, who spoke to his fifth and last wife, Li Shuxian. Since the amnesty in 1959, Puyi began a short second half of his life, working and studying in the Beijing Botanical Garden, and also serving as a commissioner in the Editorial Committee of The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference on Literature and History Materials. In the days of his new life, he returned to singlehood and had no spouse. The first wife, Wanrong, and the third wife, Tan Yuling, are no longer alive; the second wife, Wenxiu, and the fourth wife, Li Yuqin, have all parted ways with him. In 1962, under the introduction of friends, Puyi and Li Shuxian married.
Unfortunately, the last emperor suffered from kidney cancer within a few years, first removed the left kidney, and later found that the right kidney had also become cancerous, which was completely out of the way. Puyi had to tell his wife that science and technology have developed, this disease can actually be cured, play a role of comfort, in fact, he knows in his heart that this is a terminal illness that cannot be cured. Li Shuxian was eighteen years younger than Puyi, and in 1967, she was only in her early forties, and her husband was about to leave, Puyi was not at ease, and the two had no children. Although he was once an emperor, the Qing Dynasty was already dead, so what is the use of saying this? It is normal for Puyi to have such worries, and after his death, the CPPCC cared for Li Shuxian's life, and thirty years later she was reunited with her husband underground.
I didn't have a chance to announce my intentions or make a difference, so the outside world didn't know much about me, I was just making an example for people. Later, when an outsider asked you only to tell him that I was in a real position now, and that I intended to revitalize China, but you knew that I could not be the master, that I could not be as I wanted.
Yu Deling was well versed in many Chinese, and once served as a female official in the Qing Palace, providing translation services for Empress Dowager Cixi. At the beginning of 1905, because of his father's illness, Yu Deling left the palace, and the Guangxu Emperor confided in the world through her. This son of heaven in his thirties also had great ambitions before, especially after the Sino-Japanese War, he wanted to restore the new law and change the law, and to enrich the country and strengthen the army. However, the coup d'état completely shattered his wishes, and from then on he imprisoned Yingtai, losing even the most basic freedom, let alone achieving results. Because he was trapped in the deep palace, the outside world could not know any news of the emperor, and those edicts issued in his name were all the meaning of Empress Dowager Cixi, and Guangxu said that he was just a puppet who made a show for people. Three years later, Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Qing died almost at the same time, and his words to Yu Deling became the last testimony of the bitter years.
In order to seek peaceful reunification, the method of reunification advocated by me is to open a national assembly, implement the Three People's Principles and the Five Powers Constitution, and build a new country. I am tired of illness and do not recover. Life and death are not enough to think about. However, after decades of dedication to the National Revolution, the doctrines held by it have not been fully realized, and there is no regret. It is hoped that all comrades will work hard to ensure that the National Assembly can be opened at an early date and achieve the goal of implementing the Three People's Principles and the Constitution of the Five Powers. If so, I am under the Nine Springs, and I am also blind.
I died later. There are enemies on all sides, you are very dangerous, I hope you will not soften for the enemy.
O comrades! Continue my doctrine, take Russia as a teacher, make peace, struggle, and save China.
In 1924, the Beijing Federation of Students launched the Grand Alliance of anti-imperialist movements; Feng Yuxiang took advantage of the second direct war to launch a coup d'état in Beijing, inviting Sun Yat-sen to go north to discuss the current situation. After some internal discussions, Sun Yat-sen decided to leave Guangzhou and go to the Beijing-Tianjin region to propose to convene a National Assembly to seek china's peaceful reunification and construction. However, the situation changed very quickly, and after Meeting Zhang Zuolin in Tianjin, Duan Qirui was praised as the provisional general governor of the Republic of China, and the initiator of the coup, Feng Yuxiang, was ostracized and transferred to Zhangjiakou as the Northwest Border Defense Inspector. After such an operation, the objects faced by Sun Yat-sen had been replaced by Duan Qirui and Zhang Zuolin, and after the meeting between the two sides, neither side could accept the other's propositions.
In the spring of the following year, Sun Yat-sen's physical condition took a sharp turn for treatment, and he was admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital for treatment, and when the doctor used a scalpel to cut sun Yat-sen's abdominal cavity, all of them were surprised, and the liver had already developed serious lesions, covered with yellow spots, and many tissues were glued together, except for simple treatment, the doctor had no way. Song Qingling, Wang Jingwei and others waited uneasily outside the door, thinking that the operation would take a long time, but they did not expect that the door would open in more than twenty minutes, and the bad news came so suddenly. At this time, Sun Yat-sen suffered from gallbladder adenocarcinoma, which spread to other organs such as the liver, and according to the medical conditions at that time, whether it was Traditional Chinese medicine or Western medicine, there was no way to do anything. The original purpose of this northward march did not achieve its original purpose, and the political ideas advocated throughout his life were far from being realized, and Sun Yat-sen could only hope for his comrades. Because it was in Beijing, the territory controlled by the Beiyang warlords, it was enemy on all sides, and he warned Song Qingling and others to be aware of the danger and not to yield to the enemy.
The drunken dreams of the painful compatriots are still dim, the land of the sad motherland is difficult to save, the sun is exhausted, the tears of the new pavilion are under the clouds; the remnants of the mountains and the water, is it difficult to recruit the soul of the heroes? There is no need for a three-foot lonely grave, and there is no clean soil in China; it is good to hold a glass of Lu wine, and he sings and plays a song together every year. Though I am still alive, I have sacrificed my duty; The tide takes the head of the other; the ambition is still weak, the ambition is unshakable, and the Central Plains look back and the intestines are broken.
In the last years of the Qing Dynasty, internal and external troubles, the country was weak and the people were poor, and the benevolent people were struggling to find a way to save the dead. However, weak forces, numb compatriots, make the way forward hindered. Ignoring her husband's objections, Qiu Jin went east to Japan to study, came into contact with revolutionary ideas, participated in the League, and devoted herself to the cause of opposing the Qing Dynasty. In 1907, after the failure of Xu Xilin's uprising, Qiu Jin was in a dangerous situation, she did not choose to leave, resolutely stayed in the Datong Academy, and was finally arrested by the Qing soldiers. In the face of the enemy, she took up her pen and wrote down seven big characters of "Autumn Wind and Autumn Rain Sorrowful People", as well as this desperate word for the student Xu Xiaoshu. There are no children in it, no greed for life and fear of death, the most mentioned are the tears of the new pavilion, the remnants of the mountains and water, the sacrifice of responsibility, the sacrifice of life for righteousness. Zhou Enlai once said that Qiu Jin was a new woman who took the lead in breaking the feudal shackles of "three from four virtues" and was a pioneer of the revolution.
First, no one may accept a penny for a funeral, except for old friends.
Second, quickly converge and bury the pull.
Three, don't do anything about remembrance.
Fourth, forget me, take care of your own life - if not, it is a fool.
Fifth, when the child grows up, if he has no talent, he can find some small things to live, and he must not become an empty writer or artist.
Sixth, the things that others have promised you must not be taken seriously.
Seventh, those who damage the teeth and eyes of others, but oppose revenge and advocate tolerance, do not get close to him.
In 1936, Mr. Lu Xun died in Shanghai, leaving this will. The content is not long, there are only seven in total, mainly divided into two parts. The first part is the first three articles, mainly arranging the funeral matters behind the body, only accepting the funeral gift money sent by old friends, general friendship is not wanted, people are distant and close, never know or have a bad relationship, why should they accept the other party's affection. The second and third points are to say that funerals should not be done in a big way, and that they should be buried as soon as possible, and that if a person is already dead, it is necessary to look at it and make it simpler, and what is the point of the funeral being held longer and more solemnly?
The fourth to seventh articles is the second part, the advice for the future life of his wife and children, I hope that Xu Guangping will mourn, do not indulge in the pain of widowhood and be unable to extricate himself, and start a new life, after all, life is still very long. Don't believe too much in the promises given by others, keep an eye on everything, flesh and blood, cheating on each other often happens, not to mention ordinary people; like those who not only harm the interests of others, but also persuade others to tolerate, very vicious, ridiculous, must keep a certain distance. The fifth is a suggestion to his son Zhou Haiying, if the child's talent and ability are relatively ordinary, then admit the ordinary, accept the ordinary, do not get away with it, not to say what kind of writer and artist you are, and finally under the fame, it is actually difficult to match, see the laughter in the generous family. These seven suggestions were carefully considered by Lu Xun, and every time he passed by Shanghai's Hongkou Park and Shanyin Road, he would think of these bland and profound instructions.
Do not live up to the favor of the country, do not fall into family learning, do not fight for family property, do not enter the inferior, and distinguish between the righteousness and profit of the wise gentleman and the villain. In my life, I practice 45 out of 10 academics, 56 out of 10 in the art of healing, and the art of the heart is great and positive.
In the thirty-seventh year of Guangxu, the seventy-year-old Zhang Zhidong was promoted from the governor of Huguang to the rank of scholar of Tirenge University and minister of military aircraft, and left the three towns of Wuhan for many years. The following year, Guangxu and Cixi died of illness one after another, and Xiang Shuai became a heavy minister. In the first year of Xuan reunification, Zhang Zhidong was seriously ill, and on october 4 of the solar calendar, he resigned from various positions during the day and died in his apartment on Baimi Xie Street in the evening, and now near Shichahai in Beijing, Zhang Zhidong's former residence is still preserved. Before his death, he made the above explanations to his family. Do not forget the grace of the court, do not make the family style degenerate and corrupt, do not fight for the family property, do not become the one to which all evils belong, and discern the righteousness and wrong of the gentleman and the villain.
Zhang Zhidong learned hard work from an early age, read poetry and books, and was a standard scholar. At the age of fourteen, he was admitted to the examination with the first place, at the age of sixteen, he was selected as the first place in the examination, and at the age of twenty-seven, he was admitted to the jinshi with the third place. In the early days of entering the official field, Zhang Zhidong served as a scholar in Zhejiang, Hubei, Sichuan and other places for ten years, and he was indeed outstanding in classics and Confucianism, and was one of the leaders at that time. However, in his own opinion, what he has learned in his life has only reached the level of four or five tenths of a tenth, which shows that he is still very modest. In the second half of his career, he began to work as a feudal governor, serving as the governor of Shanxi, the governor of Liangguang, and the governor of Huguang, vigorously building foreign affairs, building schools, railways, and factories, and promoting modernization.
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