Have you ever wondered what World War III would be like? Tanks against waves, plane bombing, smoke all over the ground, crowds screaming and fleeing? No, the real war of the modern era will only come more quietly — perhaps by a long-range missile, or even in the worst case, you have to be mentally prepared for a nuclear strike.
As early as the Cold War period of the last century, the arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union stockpiled enough nuclear weapons to "destroy human civilization", and now more and more countries have developed their own nuclear arsenals and anti-missile systems. Again, this is not a drill! ”
In the deafening air defense sirens, do you know where we should hide?
Some people may scoff at this assumption that the third world war will not come, but it should be known that the state promulgated the "Civil Air Defense Law of the People's Republic of China" as early as 1996, and many air defense construction obligations are mentioned in the law, which are still in use today, precisely in preparation for the air attack that may one day come.
Civil air defense engineering, also known as civil air defense engineering and civil defense engineering, refers to facilities that can effectively cover up personnel and materials in war. Officials have long realized that when war really comes, it is not enough to rely solely on the protection of the army and weapons, and civil defense and civil defense for the people must naturally be implemented by the grass-roots masses. Civil air defense projects are the first line of defense used to protect the people when war comes.
It's peacetime, and people may overlook it, but it's actually very close to us, like the subway — it was originally based on combat readiness.
Taking Beijing as an example, on October 1, 1969, the Beijing Metro Line 1 was opened to traffic, and at that time, as a civil defense project, it was not open to the public for a long time, and it needed to be visited and taken by the introduction letter, and after 10 years, Line 1 was gradually opened for operation.
By 1992, China's subway construction policy has undergone a change of "taking traffic as the mainstay and taking into account civil defense", of which civil defense has been most prominently done, except for Line 1, which is the first phase of Line 6, the second phase of Line 8, the northern section of Line 9, and the second phase of Line 10.
Approaching the subway tunnel, as the instruction is issued, the steel "partition guard door" automatically moves and closes, and when the doors at both ends are closed and the ventilation device is opened, an isolated safety shelter is formed inside. The 4.5-meter-high door can effectively isolate nuclear radiation, shock waves, etc., and allow the victims to survive internally for a period of time and safely wait for national rescue. At the same time, the subway that usually carries people can also be used for the transportation of important materials and maintain the lifeline of the trapped people inside.
The subway civil defense is built underground, what should I do if the water overflows? The tunnel also has anti-flooding doors and other waterproof settings, and water collection pits are also set up at the entrances and exits of subway stations and wind wells where trapped people are contained, which can be directly discharged outdoors through the lifting of the pump. A manned gate valve is set up on the drainage pipe to prevent wartime drainage from entering the protective area and bringing life danger to personnel.
The substation of the subway station is also equipped with more than two independent power supplies to prevent the infrastructure from being unusable after the power outage. Near the subway comprehensive control room, there is also a civil air defense centralized signal display room, the role here is equivalent to the subway civil air defense system "brain", used to ensure that the entrances and exits, passages, closed doors of the switch at any time in place, ventilation at any time smooth, drainage at any time safe.
In order not to bring panic to the people who usually take the subway, but also to protect the life of these facilities, the subway station will also take decoration and camouflage measures to make them beautiful and inconspicuous, for these measures that cannot be used in peacetime, they will also be maintained from time to time to ensure that when the war really comes, the equipment will not become unusable because of aging, which can be said to be considered to the extreme.
Of course, the development situation of different places is different, and the political and strategic significance is also different, so the standards of underground civil defense projects set are also different, but such projects still exist in various cities due to national hard requirements.
Moreover, not only subway stations, many underground parking lots, shopping malls, food cities also have similar designs, just imagine, usually prosperous and life atmosphere of the "underground city", will become a wartime strong and solemn "underground fortress", is not a little immersive feeling?
Two "transformations" of an emptying project in Xicheng District, Beijing
Nuclear bombs have strong radiation, and some people may question why the world's several well-known nuclear disasters have been affecting the people for a long time if they are only hidden underground.
In fact, nuclear harm is linked to time, and if we do a good job of protection at the time of the incident, we can greatly reduce the damage.
Let's first clarify the four main factors of nuclear damage: optical radiation, shock waves, early nuclear radiation and radioactive contamination.
Light radiation, also known as thermal radiation, is the most direct damage to the human body, which will cause people to have symptoms of flash blindness, visual dysfunction, and direct blindness in severe cases; and the high energy contained in light and heat may also ignite buildings and clothing, causing human burns.
But to prevent it is also very simple, any opaque object can do, especially the transmission coefficient is very low metal, buildings, can perfectly cover the field of vision and body, to prevent light radiation, as long as the explosion is hidden quickly enough, you can basically prevent light radiation.
The second is the shock wave, which is less than the speed of light, and will gradually slow down with the diffusion of energy until it disappears, which is better to hide from than light radiation. It goes without saying that buildings can resist shielding shock waves.
Followed by early nuclear radiation, we usually also often hear about it, many things have a weakening effect on nuclear radiation, the best effect is steel, iron, aluminum, lead and other metals, the semi-absorption thickness of γ rays can reach 0.6 ~ 3.2 cm, concrete after them, can also reach 7.3 ~ 12 cm. All this can show that hiding under the building in time for the explosion can effectively prevent the damage of early nuclear radiation to the human body.
Finally, radioactive contamination, also known as radioactive ash, refers to the radioactive dust that falls from the sky after the explosion of a nuclear bomb, and the ash will first fall on the ground, and more and more over time, which means that the longer the person stays, the more radiation is exposed. Underground can slow down this time to prevent being contaminated with radioactive ash at the beginning, but the most important thing is to stay away from the center of the explosion as soon as possible after ensuring basic safety, the farther away the better!
"Nuclear Weapon Damage and Protection" Chinese the Ministry of Health of the General Logistics Department of the People's Liberation Army
Taking the common warhead W88 nuclear warhead in the US military's standing nuclear arsenal as an example, about 500,000 tons of tnt equivalent, taking the MK-5 carrying 10 nuclear warheads as an example, calculating the coverage target of a single city, and taking 1 / 10 square kilometers as an example, we can basically think that we are safe in the general civil air defense project.
Of course, there is also a kind of frenzied nuclear bomb called the ground-penetrating nuclear bomb, which is the opposite of ordinary nuclear bombs, and launches a "surprise attack" from underground. If you really encounter this, you can only resign yourself to fate.
It is worth mentioning that the Geneva Conventions established by the world for humanitarian purposes have a clause presupposing that civilian facilities be attacked, and if a country violates this provision, then they will no longer be protected by the Convention, which in turn will become the target of public criticism. Prisoners of war were tortured and killed, followed by chemical attacks, biological attacks, and nuclear attacks... Is it all worth it?
Albert Einstein said: "I don't know the weapons that will be used in the third world war, but the fourth world war will be fought with sticks and stones." ”
No one wants the outbreak of the Third World War, nor does anyone want nuclear weapons to destroy all human civilization, and that is why my country has to be fully prepared for war.
The country and the army will protect us from war, we must also learn to protect ourselves from war, in order to stand up when the country needs to develop, proudly contribute to her, if you have the heart, You must pay more attention to these underground projects, maybe you will find those silent "guardian spirits"?