Compared with Wei and Shu, the state of Wu has always been criticized for its lack of aggressiveness, and its national strength is not weak, but it has become synonymous with Eastern Wu. In fact, Sun Quan had bitter water in his heart, in addition to the deep-rooted Jiangdong family, the mountain Yue who had been playing from childhood to old did not let him worry less. Opening the annals of the history of the State of Wu, a very interesting scene was presented: when Sun Quan's milk smelled, Shanyue was making a fuss; when Sun Quan's white hair was pale, Shanyue was still making a fuss. So what kind of group of people is Shanyue, and why did it bother Sun Quan and disappear after his life?
The distribution of Shanyue is not very controversial: south of the Yangtze River and east of the Xiang River is recognized as the largest range of activities of Shanyue. Even strictly speaking, the core area of Shanyue is in the Jiangdong region centered on Yangzhou, which probably ranges from today's central China and Jiangsu and Zhejiang. The dense forest of the high mountains is the hiding place of Shanyue, the climate in Jiangnan is humid and hot, coupled with the limited development of Jiangnan in the Eastern Han Dynasty, so the mountains are widely distributed between the lofty mountains south of the Yangtze River.
They usually hide in the mountains and forests, build cottages, caves to shelter, and grow grain at the foot of the mountain and on the mountainside. Moreover, the Yamakoshi people can use the abundant copper ore to cast military equipment, and the Yamakoshi people are by no means uncivilized people, they have metallurgical capabilities. At the time of Sun Ce's army, Shanyue was rampant; at the beginning of Sun Quan's reign, Shanyue was raging; even when Sun Quan was old, Shanyue had not yet withdrawn from the stage of history.
So who are the many Yamakoshi people, and why have they existed for so long? What is their organizational structure and way of living?
The composition of Yamakoshi is not a single population. It can be said that as long as the remnants of Baiyue and the mountain thieves caokou are hiding between the lofty mountains and mountains in Jiangnan, the organizations that do not pay taxes from the government and refuse to obey the conscription are all Yamakoshi. During Sun Quan's reign, the Eastern Wu regime, due to the military pressure of Cao Wei on the northern front, carried out many large-scale encirclement and suppression of Shanyue that did not obey the administration.
Wucheng, Yuhang, Huang, Wuhu, and the south of Shicheng County are all displaced by the Great Yue. Qin Shi Huang carved a stone migration.
The original component of Yamakoshi was the Remnants of Baiyue. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the Kingdoms of Wu and Yue were both famous for a while, and Fu Cha and Gou Jian were also the heroes of the world. However, the rise of the Chu state caused the Baiyue in the land of Wuyue to suffer the first blow. After that, the yingzheng who swept through the six kingdoms, dispatched 500,000 Qin troops and officials, and developed Lingnan caused a fatal blow to Baiyue.
Many people in the Jiangsu and Zhejiang areas were Lingnan Baiyue who forcibly migrated through administrative means during the Qin Shi Huang period. "One side of the water and soil, one side of the people", the difference in natural environment and humanistic customs, making it difficult for them to integrate into the local resident system. The local people of Lingnan Baiyue and Wuyue who migrated were the main components of the remnants of Baiyue in Shanyue.
Danyang, Xuancheng, Jing, Lingyang, Shi'an, Guy, Shezhu zhuxian County Grand Marshal Zulang, Jiao Ji and Wucheng Yan White Tiger of Wu County.
Yan Baihu was a well-known small warlord in the Jiangdong region in the early Three Kingdoms period. At the beginning of Sun Ce's southern crossing of the Jiangdong River, his power was still very weak, and Liu Xuan, Wang Lang, and Yan Baihu were his main opponents and annexes. Since Shanyue refers to a tribal group that exists in the mountains and forests and does not obey the management of Eastern Wu, why did the small warlord Yan Baihu become a member of Shanyue?
It can be seen from this that the special group of the Eastern Wu period, Shanyue, in a broad sense, refers to all groups in Jiangnan that do not obey the management of Sun Wu's regime and have the ability to resist or hide.
As a stubborn disease of the Eastern Wu regime, Shanyue was not simply disobedient to taxes and forced labor. They were an organized antagonist group and a source of turmoil within the Eastern Wu regime. Peng Hu, Pan Lin, Zu Lang and others, as representatives of Shanyue, conspired with Liu Biao, Yuan Shu, Cao Cao and other warlords to attack the counties under Eastern Wu rule. During the decades of Sun Ce and Sun Quan's reign, Shanyue invaded the Eastern Wu regime for many years, ranging from thousands to tens of thousands of people, and was an out-and-out local armed force.
Shanyue was as sharp as the Back of the Eastern Wu regime in a remote corner, and the most commendable merit of Sun Quan's life was the continuous blows to Shanyue. Attacking Shanyue had two major benefits for Eastern Wu: first, to eliminate internal threats and restore the production order of the people; second, to expand the population base and choose its young and strong to expand its armaments. Throughout the history of Eastern Wu, conquest of Shanyue is definitely the easiest way to produce famous generals.
The Poyang thief Peng Hu and tens of thousands of others attacked and fought separately from Ling Tong, Bu Qi, and Jiang Qin. When the attack was broken, the tiger and others saw the flag and scattered, and the day was at peace.
As one of the leaders of the Shanyue camp, Peng Hu could use tens of thousands, or even tens of thousands, of young people for every disturbance. The light is to loot the surrounding villages, and the heavy is to attack the city and destroy the capital. As the most organized armed force in Eastern Wu, Sun Quan's reign repeatedly took the shanyue knife during his reign.
Dong Xun, Ling Tong, He Qi, Jiang Qin, Lü Fan, Zhou Qu, Lu Xun, Zhu Zhi, and others had all consulted Shanyue, and Lu Xun's performance in the process of conquest of Shanyue was the most eye-catching. As long as the conquest of Shanyue was victorious, it meant the supplement of a large number of young and strong people, which was a unique resource for Eastern Wu in the three kingdoms era when the population was scarce.
Yamakoshi has a certain military mobilization ability, they can metallurgize, and they have their own summit organization. However, it also lacks a systematic battle front, strategic deployment, and has courage in the air, and it is difficult to exert its strength. Often roaring among the mountains and forests, plundering the towns and villages, it is deeply hated by the people. The existence of the private army system made the outstanding sons of the family represented by Lu Xun extremely enthusiastic about conquest of Yamakoshi.
Yamakoshi, who has courage but lacks wisdom, is undoubtedly the best opponent for Lu Xun and other fledgling sons of the family. As long as the command is proper and the arrangement is meticulous, the mountain is not difficult to defeat, and Lu Xun's early military command experience was accumulated in the process of pacifying the mountain.
Moreover, the people of the mountains and forests, growing up between the mountains and forests, the people's customs are fierce, most of them are good at climbing, fighting, and infinite strength, and they are excellent candidates for the formation of elite military horses. "Danyang Mountain is dangerous, and the people are more fruitful." A small-scale victory can harvest thousands of people, and a large-scale victory can obtain tens of thousands of mountains and stronger mountains.
Under the framework of the Eastern Wu private military system, the sons of the family, represented by Lu Xun, were particularly keen to suppress Shanyue. Moreover, in the middle and late period of Sun Quan's reign, various measures to conquer shanyue became more and more perfect, such as: Wu Jun preemptively harvested the rice at the foot of the mountain and cut off the mountain supply. Under many conquests, Sun Quan's reign in the later years of Shanyue has gone into decline. Gradually integrated into the Eastern Wu cultural system, into the continuation and development of Wuyue civilization.
Resources:
Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Biography of Sun Quan", "Book of Yue", "History of the Nationalities of the Southern and Northern Dynasties of the Wei and Jin Dynasties"