On September 5, 1972, a very solemn memorial service was held in the Great Hall of the People, and the protagonist of this memorial service was named He Xiangning.
Zhu De presided over it, Song Qingling delivered a eulogy for him, Zhou Enlai, Dong Biwu and other leaders attended one after another, and Chairman Mao also sent a wreath to him. The most distinctive thing is that He Xiangning did not cremate after death. At that time, when the state encouraged cremation, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De and others all chose cremation, but He Xiangning did not have cremation.
Zhou Enlai and He Xiangning
What kind of person is He Xiangning? Why did she get the respect of so many important people? Why didn't she choose cremation? Next, let's open that history and look at the story of He Xiangning.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="3" > great revolutionary fighter</h1>
Born on 27 June 1878 in Hong Kong, ho's father, Ho Ping-hwan, was a prominent Hong Kong businessman who specialized in tea exports and real estate. The Ho family was a well-known businessman in Hong Kong at that time, belonging to the upper class of society. In the 1880s, China was still suffering from the poison of feudal society, and people's minds were still tightly imprisoned by some traditional bad culture, and the first to bear the brunt of it was women's foot binding. Women's foot binding was the custom at that time, and the upper class attached great importance to it, so He Xiangning was required to wrap her feet at a very young age.
The He family has strong financial resources and naturally attaches great importance to the education of their children, but this attention is given to He Xiangning's brother. Influenced by feudal ideas, He Binghuan insisted that women should not read. He Xiangning did not agree with her father's idea, although she was hindered by her father, she still secretly read books behind her father's back, and when she saw what she did not understand, she asked her brother, in the long run, He Xiangning also knew a lot of words and read a lot of books. He Binghuan knew that he could not stop his daughter, and could only choose to compromise, He Xiangning finally got the opportunity to learn, becoming a new era woman who had been exposed to fresh culture.
Because he had been exposed to new ideas, He Xiangning was naturally reluctant to accept foot binding. She couldn't help her mother, so she had to be forced to wrap her feet during the day and secretly cut them herself at night. After the parents knew, they were very angry, beat and scolded, but He Xiangning just refused to compromise.
My mother also said to her: "All girls have to wrap their feet, although there are some sufferings now, but this is all for your future happiness!" You won't tie your feet now, and see if anyone will marry you in the future! ”
He Xiangning didn't care: "Even if no one marries me, I won't tie my feet." "Her parents had no choice but to go with her.
After China's national door was forced to open in a semi-forced way, more and more people of insight realized that they should go abroad to obtain more knowledge, so studying abroad became a hot topic at that time. He Xiangning also chose to study in Japan, where she was exposed to new ideas and met her partners on the road of revolution. For the revolution, she also studied painting and achieved something.
The starting point of He Xiangning's revolutionary road was a speech.
In 1903, when He Xiangning was attending a rally at the Chinese Student Association, he was shocked to hear a speech by Dr. Sun Yat-sen on the revolution to save the country. He Xiangning deeply realized that the Qing Dynasty was no longer suitable for China and that China needed a complete revolution, so she took the initiative to visit Dr. Sun Yat-sen, who also appreciated her.
Sun Yat-sen
In 1905, He Xiangning, under the recommendation of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, became the first member of the Chinese League and the first female member of the League.
After joining the League, He Xiangning has been enthusiastically devoted to revolutionary work. She actively promoted new ideas and served well as liaison and propagandist of the League. After returning from Japan, He Xiangning also always held an important position in the League, and was called the right and left arm of Dr. Sun Yat-sen.
In 1921, Chen Jiongming was dissatisfied with Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Northern Expedition policy and had a disagreement with Dr. Sun Yat-sen.
Chen Jiongming staged a mutiny and took control of Guangdong. Soon after martial law in the city, He Xiangning guessed that It was Chen Jiongming's rebellion, and she was worried about Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching-ling, and she did not hesitate to drag her sick body to many places. Finally, I finally met Dr. Sun Yat-sen on the Yongfeng ship.
For the safety of He Xiangning, Dr. Sun Yat-sen asked her to evacuate to Shanghai first, but at that time, He Xiangning's husband was under the control of Chen Jiongming, and He Xiangning refused Dr. Sun Yat-sen's kindness. "I still have things to do in Guangdong, and I can't just leave like this." Your safety is more important than mine, and you need to take good care of yourself. He Xiangning resolutely chose to return to Guangdong to rescue her husband.
Chen Jiongming blackmailed He Xiangning's husband and asked He Xiangning to explain Sun Yat-sen's whereabouts, but He Xiangning refused to give in, but instead scolded Chen Jiongming. Chen Jiongming was taken care of by He Xiangning and his wife in the early years, and was unwilling to break with He Xiangning on this, coupled with not wanting to make the Generals of the Yue Army have two hearts, he finally chose to release He Xiangning's husband under many considerations.
In 1925, Dr. Sun Yat-sen was critically ill, and He Xiangning went to visit. When Dr. Sun Yat-sen's life came to an end, he was accompanied by Song Qingling and He Xiangning. The two of them also became the two female visamen who signed the Prime Minister's Will.
After the death of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, Chiang Kai-shek saw a good opportunity to seize power, and the only obstacle at this time was He Xiangning's husband, so he designed to kill He Xiangning's husband and successfully seized power. He Xiangning was deeply saddened, but she was not depressed by this. She continued to move forward firmly on the road of revolution, with her husband's legacy and their faith.
As a comrade whom Sun Yat-sen greatly trusted, He Xiangning was naturally the person Chiang Kai-shek needed to be co-opted, but He Xiangning did not approve of Chiang Kai-shek's actions. Whether it was the way he seized power or his attitude toward the Communist Party, He Xiangning did not approve. The two men also went further and further under various political views.
In 1928, He Xiangning publicly declared that he had broken with Chiang Kai-shek and chose to settle in Paris.
He Xiangning
However, when the September 18 Incident broke out in 1931, He Xiangning could not bear to see China fall, gave up his peaceful life in Paris, and returned to China to continue fighting. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, He Xiangning always insisted that the people of the whole country unite to resist Japan; during the War of Liberation, He Xiangning established the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang and made many contributions to the victory of the War of Liberation. In addition to her own dedication to the revolutionary cause, her son Liao Chengzhi also inherited her ambitions and made great contributions to the establishment and development of New China.
He Xiangning's life of devoting herself to the revolution can be described as vigorous, in the face of the great national righteousness, she has always taken a firm stand, from the Alliance to the Communist Party, He Xiangning has taken every step for a better China.
He Xiangning was a great revolutionary fighter and a mother worthy of respect. Liao Chengzhi encountered great dangers several times during his participation in the revolution, and as a mother, He Xiangning was naturally distressed, but when his son proposed to himself to continue to move forward for the revolution, He Xiangning still chose to support. It is precisely because of He Xiangning's support that Liao Chengzhi can be more determined. He Xiangning has made indelible contributions to the establishment and development of New China, so her memorial service is also worthy of that solemnity.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="48" > He Xiangning and Liao Zhongkai</h1>
He Xiangning's revolutionary road is very firm, which is inseparable from the appreciation of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the strong will of He Xiangning himself, and the company of the people around him.
He Xiangning's husband, Liao Zhongkai, is an American overseas Chinese, and his father, Liao Zhubin, is a descendant of Hakka and has lived in the United States for a long time. Liao Zhubin was discriminated against in the United States because he was an outsider and because he was an outsider from China, which was poisoned by feudal ideas.
Liao Zhubin hated feudal ideas very much, and he once told Liao Zhongkai: "I have been discriminated against in the United States too much, and I really don't want to have anything to do with the Qing Dynasty." When you marry a wife in the future, you must marry an open-minded woman, and the most important point is that you must not tie your feet. ”
Liao Zhongkai was very filial, and coupled with the fact that he was also a person who had received new ideas, he naturally followed his father's advice at this point.
In 1893, Liao Zhongkai returned to China with his mother after his father's death, and defected to his uncle Liao Zhigang, who was serving in the Qing government at the time. At that time, Liao Zhongkai was 16 years old, reaching the age of the family, but at that time, foot binding was still a very popular activity, and it was not easy to find a person who did not have foot binding.
Liao Zhongkai
After several twists and turns, Liao Zhongkai's uncle knew He Xiangning, and after the two families discussed it, he Xiangning married Liao Zhongkai, who did not know before.
Before becoming a parent, He Xiangning also had doubts, worried that the husband and wife were not harmonious, worried about the non-people who were entrusted, but fortunately, after a period of time together, the two people were truly in love with each other.
At that time, Liao Zhongkai was not rich, although He Xiangning's family had a thick foundation, but He Xiangning was a married woman after all, and Liao Zhongkai did not want to blindly rely on the Yue family, so they chose to live in the attic of Liao Zhongkai's brother's family after marriage. Although the environment is very simple, it is good that He Xiangning and his wife have a good relationship.
The simple environment did not affect their lives in the slightest, He Xiangning wrote the verse "May the new year and this night, the moon and the moon be double clear" on this small attic, "double Qing" became the name of their love nest, He Xiangning even called himself "Double Qing Landlord".
A large part of the reason why He Xiangning chose to study in Japan was because of Liao Zhongkai.
Liao Zhongkai wanted to study in Japan after the failure of the Penghu Reform, but he was shy and did not have enough money to pay for the road. In order to help her husband realize his dream, He Xiangning resolutely sold his dowry jewelry to make up enough travel expenses and tuition fees for Liao Zhongkai. The couple finally came to Japan together, where they met Dr. Sun Yat-sen and joined the League.
It can be said that every step on He Xiangning's revolutionary road was accompanied by Liao Zhongkai until the end of Liao Zhongkai's life.
Liao Zhongkai has always been very appreciated by Dr. Sun Yat-sen, and during Dr. Sun Yat-sen's revolution, Liao Zhongkai has always accompanied him. Whether it is propagating new ideas, launching the Northern Expedition War, or the Dharma Protection Movement, or even the proposal of "Uniting with Russia, Uniting with the Communist Party, and Supporting Workers and Peasants", Liao Zhongkai has a figure.
During the establishment of the Whampoa Military Academy, Liao Zhongkai also made great contributions, and was even known as "the loving mother of Whampoa". In addition to these practical achievements, Liao Zhongkai was also appointed to various important positions such as an executive member and standing committee member of the Kuomintang Central Committee. It can be seen that Liao Zhongkai was an extremely important figure in the revolutionary forces at that time, but it was precisely because of this that he became the biggest stumbling block on Chiang Kai-shek's road to seizing power, so that he was later killed by Chiang Kai-shek.
On August 20, 1925, He Xiangning and Liao Zhongkai went to the party headquarters for a meeting together, and Liao Zhongkai was shot and killed on the road and fell in front of He Xiangning.
Liao Zhongkai He Xiangning's family and relatives and friends
Before this, the Kuomintang experienced a lot of turmoil, Liao Zhongkai because he had been highly valued has attracted a lot of people's dissatisfaction, but he did not care about this, he always said: "We are all serving the party-state, serving China, what big discord can there be." ”
Even if someone secretly told him that someone had recently wanted to harm him, he did not suspect it, and he firmly believed that he was "not sorry for the country, not sorry for the people", and he "did the right thing". However, in the face of the conspiracy, having a clear conscience cannot become his own shield, Liao Zhongkai still fell on the road to serve the country with a passion for serving the country. That year, Liao Zhongkai was 48 years old, in his prime, but he finally fell.
He Xiangning could have gone far and wide with Liao Zhongkai, but the revolution had not yet succeeded, and Liao Zhongkai left her first. In those days, it wasn't easy to find a like-minded person. The afterglow of the Qing Dynasty also affected most of the people, and not all of them had the courage to pursue free love, but He Xiangning was still lucky. Although she and Liao Zhongkai are not free love, they are fortunate to have a common pursuit and the opportunity to move forward side by side. Although I didn't get all the way to Baitou, I was lucky to be able to walk along a road.
Cremation was not popular when Liao Zhongkai was sacrificed, and because of this, He Xiangning also chose not to be cremated before his death. Liao Zhongkai has always been very popular with the people, so on the day of his funeral, workers, students, and ordinary people in Guangzhou came to mourn. Liao Zhongkai's body was first buried in SimaGang, Guangzhou, and in 1935, it was moved to the side of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Nanjing's Purple Mountain, where he has been buried ever since.
There is love, affection, and camaraderie between He Xiangning and Liao Zhongkai, and He Xiangning saved Liao Zhongkai from Chen Jiongming once, but failed to save him from the political whirlpool for the second time. After Liao Zhongkai's sacrifice, He Xiangning survived for their children and for their common faith. However, without the company of his lover, it is still a great regret for He Xiangning.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="59" > He Xiangning and Song Qingling</h1>
On He Xiangning's revolutionary road, in addition to liao Zhongkai's company, there was also Song Qingling's journey, and it was precisely because of the friendship between the two people that Song Qingling would attend He Xiangning's memorial service and give a eulogy.
Song Qingling
He Xiangning and Soong Ching Ling knew each other because of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, because they shared the same pursuit and were both women, so their relationship was closer. Before his death, Dr. Sun Yat-sen did not trust Soong Ching-ling, and specially called He Xiangning and entrusted Soong Ching-ling to He Xiangning, who was 15 years older than her.
"I always believe in you and respect you, and I will love and care for your wife as much as I respect you love you, please rest assured." This is He Xiangning's commitment to Sun Yat-sen, and it is also He Xiangning's practical approach.
After Sun Yat-sen's death, He Xiangning immediately offered to hand over the post of head of the Women's Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee to Soong Ching-ling. Song Qingling pushed back several times, but finally took over this position, and then gained a firm foothold within the Kuomintang.
In 1927, Wang Jingwei decided to divide the Communist Party, and He Xiangning, Soong Ching Ling, and Chen Youren were the only three Members of the Central Executive Committee who did not support the Division of the Communist Party. Both He Xiangning and Soong Ching Ling felt that this practice violated Dr. Sun Yat-sen's original intentions, and this common understanding further promoted the relationship between the two people.
In 1928, He Xiangning went to Paris, and she and Song Qingling were separated. It was not until after the September 18 Incident in 1931 that the two met again. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, He Xiangning and Soong Ching Ling had been committed to promoting kuomintang-communist cooperation in resisting Japan, and they were also the first Kuomintang members to sign the "Basic Program for the Chinese People's War against Japan."
In 1941, Chiang Kai-shek created the Anhui Southern Incident and encircled and suppressed Communists who had made outstanding contributions in the War of Resistance. When He Xiangning and Soong Ching-ling heard the news, they led several members of the Kuomintang Central Committee to jointly write a letter to Chiang Kai-shek. The letter bluntly pointed out Chiang Kai-shek's conspiracy to betray Dr. Sun Yat-sen in a vain attempt to provoke a civil war, and expressed his dissatisfaction with it. After the end of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, He Xiangning and Song Qingling began to call on the people of the whole country to unite and jointly build a new China.
However, in 1946, Chiang Kai-shek launched a civil war despite many obstacles, and He Xiangning and Soong Ching Ling were completely disappointed in Chiang Kai-shek. In 1947, they broke away from the Kuomintang and together with Li Jishen established the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang. After 1949, He Xiangning and Song Qingling contributed their own strength to the construction of new China.
Now the relationship between He Xiangning and Song Qingling is often referred to as "ammonite friendship", because He Xiangning once gave Song Qingling a "ammonite map" to symbolize the personality characteristics of the two people, and people always like to use the words "flowers and lions", "hanmei character and tiger spirit".
Ammonite friendship shows their life of being soft and rigid, not compromising for the powerful, and also showing their unchanged friendship for decades. Along the way, they supported each other and encouraged each other. It is precisely because of mutual understanding that they were able to overcome the obstacles and become the ancestors we remember today.
He Xiangning and Soong Ching Ling got to know Dr. Sun Yat-sen, but their friendship is deep because they always have a common pursuit. Whether it was the yearning for a new China or the dissatisfaction with Chiang Kai-shek, the two of them could always choose the same road at a fork in the road. Because they understand each other, they feel sorry for each other.
Song Qingling and He Xiangning
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="74" > summary</h1>
He Xiangning's life is a life of fighting and a life of romance. She gave everything she had for the revolutionary cause and reaped her achievements in the field of art. In addition, she raised two children one by one and raised Liao Chengzhi, a great Communist Party member.
On September 1, 1972, He Xiangning left this world, and before leaving, her wish was to be buried with her beloved husband Liao Zhongkai after death, so she chose not to be cremated.
On September 5, 1972, He Xiangning's memorial service was held in the Great Hall of the People, and her lifelong friend Song Qingling personally delivered a eulogy for her. After the memorial service, He Xiangning's body was sent to the side of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Nanjing's Purple Mountain, where he was buried with Liao Zhongkai. At the end of He Xiangning's life, there was the company of her close friends, the respect of the people, after her death, the company of her husband, the remembrance of the people, and her life was magnificent and great.