He is really a little different, a rebellious person, which can be called "the other of the other".
As a famous and famous person in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, it seems a little lonely today, saying that he is a literary scholar, a "Jade Futon" is listed as a banned book, and it is far less famous than "Jin Ping Mei"; saying that he is a dramatist, it is not as famous as "Nanhong Beikong", although there are many famous plays, but it is not as famous as "Peach Blossom Fan" and "Hall of Eternal Life", let alone compared with "Peony Pavilion".
His life is exquisite, it seems that he is not as good as Wen Zhenheng, he is first-class in sketches, and he is not as familiar as Zhang Dai, he is a "big foodie", but compared with Yuan Ming's "Food List with the Group", it is a lot worse, however, as long as it is about Ming and Qing literature, he is also a character who cannot be circumvented, and all categories have his figure, this person is Li Yu.
There are too many of his names, such as writer, dramatist, novelist, publisher, garden artist, social activist, etc., but among these many titles, I think the most important should be dramatist.
Li Yu, zi who fan, trumpet Kasa Weng, Zhejiang Jinhua Lanxi people, late Ming and early Qing dynasty writers, dramatists and aestheticians, a lifetime of cloth cloth, rich writings, is a rare artistic genius in the history of Chinese culture, died at the age of 69.
Although Li Yu was born in Lanxi, most of the clan members did medicinal materials business in Rugao, especially his uncle's business there was booming, so soon after Li Yu was born, his father moved his family to Rugao.
The book contains that Li Yu was exceptionally intelligent since childhood, his swaddling literacy, four books and five years of not forgetting, the year of the general horn can give poetry and composition, write a thousand words, when Li Yu was 17 years old, because he needed to return to his hometown to take the exam, so the whole family moved back to Lanxi, and later his father died of illness, and the family was trapped in difficulty.
Li Yu's family was very wealthy in the early days, living a good life, the book records his "family Su Rao, its garden pavilion Luo Qi Jia Yi", he has also been "in front of the bottle, there is no worry on the eyebrows", this state is probably the same as zhang Dai in the same period.
And he, like Zhang Dai, also failed the imperial examination and simply did not take the exam, the difference is that Zhang Dai has always been rich, enjoying life and writing at home, while Li Yu went out because of poverty and took a road of "hidden in the city".
However, when the Qing dynasty entered the customs, Jinhua fell, smoke rose everywhere, and people's heads rained; Li Yu, who had been studying hard for more than ten years in the cold window, originally only wanted to serve the country and show his ambitions for a dynasty, but before he could achieve fame, the country had become a trend of collapse.
I don't know if Li Yu gave up the imperial examination because of the feelings of the family and the country or something else, from my point of view, even if there is, it is only a part of it, perhaps the most fundamental thing is that he hates the unrealistic empty talk from the heart, he advocates the true disposition, and the heart is the form of service is what he does not want, so he simply does not take the exam, hoping to find another way and find a path of his own.
Since the Sui and Tang dynasties, to the Ming and Qing dynasties, it has long been a road that scholars must take, and it is also the only channel for scholars to ascend, and abandoning the imperial examination is actually not to enter the army, not to become an official, to be a commoner for a lifetime, how to say that this is a very painful choice.
In the first few years, he was quiet and indifferent, sending love to the landscape and water, as if he wanted to be a hermit like Tao Yuanming, and he wrote in his later years when recalling this time:
"Recalling the fall of the Ming Dynasty, before the Qing Revolution, he gave him a name of no choice, did not do anything, lived in the mountains to avoid chaos, and was proud of having nothing to do. Xia is not a guest, nor is there a guest, he wants to eat melons and melons are born outdoors, thinking of fruits and falling on the head of the tree, it can be described as a very strange story of the world, and he is good at the joy of life", it seems that he still misses such a day.
It is just that such a day also needs silver, he was originally a rich man's son, how to recognize the matter of crops, he must seek a way to live in the city to support his family, this is in his case, taking the road of "hiding in the city", relying on his own talents and learning, relying on the sale of art and literature to make money, in his words, called "avoid the city well, not avoid the city well, avoid the feelings of labor and labor, and the hammer will be better than the bad habits." ”
Li Yu was an unprecedented person, in that special era, he represented a special cultural phenomenon, a fresh atmosphere that swept through the hustle and bustle of the millennium, he was a literati, but also a businessman, walking among all walks of life, with ease and step by step, ethereal trails, which required extremely high wisdom.
The reason why he is in a special era is because he was in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, when the Qing people entered the customs, Li Yu was 33 years old, so his college entrance examination setback should be in the former Ming Dynasty, and then he heard and witnessed the Qing people's "Yangzhou Ten Days" and "Jiading Three Massacres" in Jiangnan, and with the shaving of his head and easy clothes, as a reader's heart will definitely be very hurt.
Angry but helpless, so this made him feel resentful of the authorities, so, although he was famous, the local ruler Yu Keju road also handed him an olive branch, but he refused.
Of course, as a businessman, he did not dump those goods and plants to make profits, which he despised, he loved drama, and compiling opera was the main means of livelihood for Li Yu's "Yantian subsistence", and became a "freelance writer", he wrote many plays himself, and his works were abundant, so he was also called "Shakespeare of the East".
Li Yu is proficient in musical rhythm, familiar with filler composition, and is naturally handy in writing plays, often becoming a drama in ten days; he has written six legends such as "Pity Xiang Companion", "Kite Mistake", "Yi Zhongyuan", "Jade Scratching Head" and other six legends in several years, as well as two collections of vernacular short stories such as "Silent Drama" and "Twelfth Floor", which were all over the city for a while.
At the beginning, he only wrote scripts, but when he was 55 years old, he traveled far to the northwest, and successively in Linfen and Lanzhou were fortunate to be gifted by local officials and nobles, Qiao and Wang Erji, Li Yuhui saw the pearls, felt that these two beautiful women were gifted in drama, so they carefully adjusted, divided dan and gave birth to two roles, and the pearls were combined, thinking that they were pillars, so they organized family drama classes to perform all over the country.
He served as a director and performed everywhere, "the whole country in nine states, the calendar of its six or seven", Li's family class was popular all over the country, the impact spread to most of China, Li Yu everywhere he went, he met with the famous dramatist You Tong, the famous poet Yu Huai and other people, and the repertoire he performed was also popular with the celebrities of the opera.
The flute around the falling flowers, the three strings caress the grass, the drum board knocking the sunset, the basket listening to the drizzle, due to the novelty of the script, the high level of acting, by the high-ranking officials and nobles, down to the peddlers and pawns widely sought after, but behind this bright and beautiful, there is Li Yu's unknown poignancy, the sound of grease powder after tears, the gentle sound of the bottom of the intestine, perhaps only he himself can understand the grievances in this song.
Despite these bitternesses, he also brought him a rich income, but with his own concubines to show his face, engaged in the most despised pleasures, he was actually rich and wealthy, and his life was moist, which was probably the only one among the well-known scribes, and there was some jaw-dropping feeling, so I said that he was a rebellious person, an alternative person, and people must have looked at him in this way.
Li Yu is a veritable talent, how many wives and concubines he has can not be counted, I think it must be a lot, he is amazing, debauched, vulgar and elegant can be done, the audience involves all classes, it can be said that it is famous all over the world, every string is recited, and every time his works are published, they will be pirated immediately.
He met a lot of celebrities in the course of the trip, and people at that time commented that every time Li Yu shook his pen, he "drifted through the wind and rain, ignored a thousand words, when Tu Guiyou and the four square famous Shuo, Xian to get the Kasa Weng as fast!" The so-called "Jiang Zuo San" such as Qian Qianyi, Wu Weiye and Gong Dingyi are all his fans, and potential big names such as Pu Songling, the author of "Liaozhai Zhiyi", are his confidants, and his circle of friends is amazingly dazzling, and he is a real big V-level social activist.
His fame is all over the world, and when he gains power, he is like a fiery fire cooking oil, blossoming; when he loses his power, he is like an autumn wind sweeping through, leaving no leaves; with the death of the two beautiful girls, the drama class has dispersed without pillars, and Li Yu's life has also fallen into difficulties, in the last ten years of his life, life is embarrassing, he cannot make ends meet, he is overstretched, he is in debt, and he dies in poverty before he reaches 70.
As far as selling music to get by, Li Yu and Liu Yonghao have a comparison, Liu Qiqi, who "endured the floating name and changed it to a low chant and shallow singing", seems to have spent his whole life in poverty, while Li Yu worked hard in this showbiz circle, earning a pot full of bowls at that time, but the two people in common are all undesirable literati, on the surface frogs singing cicadas, ten miles of lotus ponds are dashing, in fact, it is a song and dance, the song ends with people scattered, with a green shirt, wrapping his inner pain tightly.
In addition to theatrical creation, Li Yu's most important work is "Idle Love and Occasional Mail", which is an essay that includes the content of songwriting, exercises, sound appearance, living room, utensils, drinking, planting, and recuperation, etc., and can also be regarded as a skit text, which "Yuzhuang on Leisure" Since its inception, the tone of the pen is relaxed and all-encompassing, and I think it is another exquisite encyclopedia of life after "The Chronicle of Long Things".
Life needs a little mood, a little petty bourgeoisie, but this exquisite life can only be achieved if you have money and leisure, and individuals must also have talent, in this case, and Li Yu is a person who has everything.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were not many such people, except for Wen Zhenheng, who did not share the heavens with the Manchus and died of hunger strikes, the first three were introduced in detail, one was Zhang Dai, "tea adulterous orange abuse, bookworm poetry demon", a lifetime of estrangement, and independence; the second was Yuan Ming, "not a high official, not blessed with only laziness, difficult to become a fairy Buddha, love to read poetry and love flowers", mountain and forest scattered people, gluttonous foodies, idle scholars, sexual poets, half-life leisure, a comfortable life; and then there is this Li Yu.
This book is called by Mr. Lin Yutang as "a guide to the art of Chinese life"; from the decoration of the house to the layout of the garden, from the cooking techniques to the taste of food, from the women's grooming, beauty to how to apply powder, how to dress, etc., it is really all-encompassing, and the object, rich or poor, can find the right content from the book, so this is a best-selling book that "the women and children of the world know everything".
"Casual Love" is not only for the ancients, but also for modern people is also quite instructive, the pace of modern life is accelerating, leisure time seems to become more and more precious, a rare little rest time seems to be handed over to the mobile phone, while brushing, turning over, but also in the spirit of "poetry and far away", so sad.
In fact, we really have to learn Li Yu's attitude towards life, he is a way of life that is happy in suffering, he is no matter whether the wind and snow night or the poverty, he uses a childlike heart to discover the beauty around him, and then uses the artist's meticulous heart to sublimate the beauty to art, sublimate to the mood, the seven tricks are exquisite, life is fun, the clothes are worn, but also to clean up, this is Li Yu.
Li Yu is not a painter, but his contribution to Chinese painting is unmatched by any painter, and he gathered a group of people to edit the "Mustard Garden Painting Spectrum", "It is better to teach people to fish than to teach people to fish." This book, which was regarded as a classic model by Huang Binhong and Qi Baishi, almost all the painters were taught by it, and this book was known as the "Golden Needle of Painting" and has been passed down to this day.
The "Rhymes of Kasa wongs" left behind were enlightenment books for children to familiarize themselves with battles, rhymes, and organizational words; he opened a mustard bookstore and engraved the "Water Margin", "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Journey to the West" and "Golden Plum", which he called the "Four Strange Books", as well as some other books that people on the market at that time wanted to see but could not buy, and became the hegemon of the publishing market for a while, the first to open the cultural industry.
As a great playwright who left a strong mark in the history of drama creation, Li Yu was famous all over the world at that time, but in fact, this was just a corner of his thin clothes, and he also left a very famous novel, that is, "Jade Futon", if "Jin Ping Mei" is the first banned book in the world in the novel, then it will definitely be lined up next.
This book is called "the world's first popular novel", since it is a forbidden book, it is not appropriate to say more here, I just feel that this Li Yu is fat enough, others write books, whether yellow or yellow, color is not colored, generally will use a false name, on the one hand, it is afraid of being subjected to fierce criticism, affecting the family, another more important reason is the word prison, this is not a joke, it is not good to be exterminated by the Nine Tribes.
As long as it involves the wind and moon, it can generally be classified as "offensive to morality" and banned, such as the author of "Jin Ping Mei", who no one knows who "Lanling Xiaoxiaosheng" is; who is the author of "Dream of the Red Chamber", and there are still many opinions, who is Cao Xueqin's proposition, I don't know how many researchers have been fed.
But Li Yu can not manage these, directly put his big name on the plutonium, from which we can also see his arrogant personality, for him, this book is just a casual work of his pastimes, entertaining himself, but it is undeniable that this novel still brings him a great reputation, although the voice of condemnation is everywhere, there are still many people secretly appreciating, after all, from which they see the things in their hearts and mouths, and also provide them with great imagination space.
Li Yu was certainly a successful person at that time, but for the scholars who read the sages, their hearts must be full of sour feelings, they really looked down on Li Yu who easily gained fame and wealth by relying on the "side door and left way", so for them, it was called an envy and jealousy, and it was impossible to imitate it, because such a personality as Li Yu was rare in the world, and those students, those who had courage had no talent to learn, and talented scholars had no courage.
Li Yu has a characteristic in his scholarship, that is, he is skeptical of everything that he has not examined, or that there is no ironclad fact, he doubts "sacredness" and disdains all those so-called sages and classics; he doubts "God", "the discussion of the influence of bad news in life, and the things that deceive the public by evil and evil, it will be the power to dispel it"; he doubts "history", "give the only twenty-one history, most of them are doubtful books." ”
Doubting everything, this stems from the fact that what Li Yu really advocates in his heart is the idea of independent personality and freedom, which is also the reflection of Wang Yangming's "mind study" and Li Zhen's "childlike heart theory" in Li Yu, he is "the heart of the teacher of mine, the heart is aware, the mouth also believes in it, what is it that depends on the world?" In this regard, it is quite similar to the later Hu Shi.
Life is like a play, drama is like life, when he comes, he will do enough to play, he is just a person in the play, watching Li Yu's life, he has enjoyed the most beautiful beauty, tasted the most mellow wine, and won the enviable reputation; he has a beautiful life, but finally he died of poverty, his family had no spare funds, or his friends were buried for it.
Now Li Yu seems to be slightly lonely, I searched the Internet when sorting out the information, are some of the characters in the TV series, costume dramas, youth dramas, men have, women also have; look at the name, one is called "People Are Not Tough Teenagers", one is called "Will Night", there is no li Yu who reflects the important influence on the history of Chinese drama, this is a cultural regression or the inevitability of the times, do not understand!