Today is
Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering
Winner of the "Medal of Merit for Two Bombs and One Star"
One of the main pioneers of China's nuclear science cause
The 10th anniversary of Mr. Zhu Guangya's death
（1924.12.25~2011.2.26）
February 3, 2012
Cctv
"Moving China" 2011 Person of the Year Awards Ceremony
First name
Shine on the brilliant pillar of light:
Zhu Guangya
Here's the jury's speech to him:
Life comes for a big thing
He did one thing in his life
But it is in the blood of new China
The most majestic force that rushes fiercely
……
"Do one thing in your life"
The original creator of this sentence
Not someone else
It was Zhu Guangya himself
His exact words were:
This is the main thing I have done in my life
-- Engaging in China's nuclear weapons
Who is Zhu Guangya?
Today, the name is admired by all
Asking this question seems superfluous
However, for quite some time
Little is known about him
Flip through China's decades of history of national defense science and technology development
Especially in the early years, Zhu Guangya was in addition to his name
The rest of the story is missing
Even in the "two bombs and one star" founder
He was also declassified at the latest
In public
Zhu Guangya is also silent and does not smile
See his dignified face, majestic sword eyebrows
Some people say that he looks like "Guan Yunchang"
He became increasingly mysterious
Foreigners were the first to notice him
It was the 1970s
At the time, in the Chinese news media
The names of Qian Xuesen and Zhu Guangya are always linked
The New York Times therefore published an article
The title is "The Man After Qian Xuesen"
Who is that person? Americans are guessing...
In fact, the ordering of the two names already implies "heavenly chance"
If China's strategic nuclear weapons are compared to a "gun"
The two scientists are a perfect match:
Qian Xuesen developed the "gun" and was responsible for missiles
Zhu Guangya developed the "bomb."
Responsible for nuclear weapons
Zhu Guangya (right) with Qian Xuesen
nuclear weapon
Uses energy released by nuclear fission or fusion reactions that can be self-sustaining
Produces an explosive effect
and a general term for weapons with a mass destruction effect
Open the "Chinese Military Encyclopedia : Nuclear Weapons"
Definition of these 48 words on the home page
It was written by Zhu Guangya
The chief technical officer of the development of China's first atomic bomb
It is recognized as the "commander of all marshals" in the field of nuclear weapons research in China.
"Foreigners are not allowed to enter"
August 6, 1945
The United States dropped a uranium bomb called "Little Boy" on Japan
Three days later
Another plutonium bomb, called "Fat Man," was dropped into downtown Nagasaki
The two atomic bombs instantly reduced Hiroshima and Nagasaki to ruins
It also allowed the world to see the great power of the atomic bomb
That fall
The U.S. military has revealed it
The United States could accept Chinese learn what it meant to build an atomic bomb
At that time, Zhu Guangya, who studied physics, stood out from many young scholars
As an assistant, he went to the United States to study with the team
That year, Zhu Guangya was 21 years old
Zhu Guangya in the United States in 1947 (first from left)
Wait until they get to the United States
But what awaits them is:
"Various scientific research institutions in the United States related to the atomic bomb
Foreigners are not allowed to enter"
After seeing the arrogant attitude of the Americans
Zhu Guangya secretly swore in his heart
We must build an atomic bomb for China
Later, he studied nuclear physics, which was similar to the atomic bomb
He earned his PhD in less than 3 years
He has also published papers in the world-renowned physics journal Physical Review
In 1947, Zhu Guangya was at the University of Michigan
The only time I was drunk
March 18, 1950
Zhu Guangya, 26, led the drafting
"An Open Letter to Students Studying in the United States"
Preferential working conditions and generous material living conditions were rejected
The U.S. Economic Cooperation Administration was denied a relief payment
Returned to the motherland with 51 international students
The letter reads:
Students, listen!
The motherland is calling to us
Forty-five million fathers and brothers are calling to us
Five thousand years of brilliance is calling to us!
We in China are going to come out
Our nation is no longer an insulted people!
We've got up
Go back, hurry up and go back!
13:45 on April 7, 1950
Zhu Guangya's train arrived at Wuchang East Railway Station
But he had just arrived home
Peking University sent him an urgent telegram
Let him teach as soon as possible
His time at home was only two and a half days
On that day, he wrote in his diary:
"The wanderer has been away from home for many years, and now he has to travel far away
Always unable to serve old parents, deeply guilty"
In 1950, Zhu Guangya and his wife Xu Huijun were in the United States
When he first returned to China, Zhu Guangya was with his second brother Zhu Guangnai (left) and younger brother Zhu Guangci (right).
In 1953, when the Department of Physics of Jilin University held a semester examination for atomic physics courses, Professor Zhu Guangya was conducting an oral examination on his student, Chen Jiaer, who later served as president of Peking University
At the beginning of 1955, the central government decided to develop the atomic bomb
Zhu Guangya participated in the establishment of the Atomic Energy Major at Peking University
In 1957, he was transferred to the base camp of early atomic energy research in china
——Institute of Atomic Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences
He led the design and construction of a light water zero-power device
It was the first step in China's own design and construction of a nuclear reactor
In July 1959, at the age of 35, Zhu Guangya was transferred to the Nuclear Weapons Research Institute as vice president
Mainly focus on scientific research business work
A year later, all Soviet experts withdrew
The recent start of atomic bomb research suffered a major setback
In the two years since then, however, significant progress has been made in all aspects of the work
Among them, Zhu Guangya presided over the drafting
Two programmatic documents known as the development of the atomic bomb:
Outline of the Plan for the Scientific Research, Design, Manufacture and Test of Atomic Bomb Devices and the Key Issues That Must Be Solved
Preliminary Proposals for national test projects and preparations for atomic bomb installations and outline of the explosion test in the north of the tower of atomic bomb installations
On May 20, 1974, Chairman Mao received Zhu Guangya
At 15:00 on October 16, 1964
A strong light flashed in the Great Northwest Gobi Desert
China's first atomic bomb was successfully exploded
Known in history as the "Loud Sound of the East"
That day, during the evacuation of the test site
The driver drove the wrong way
When Zhu Guangya turned around
Just in time to see a mushroom cloud rising in mid-air
Burst into tears
That night, Zhu Guangya was very drunk at the celebration banquet
It was the only time he was drunk in his life
Outside the People's Daily
After the successful detonation of the first atomic bomb
Zhu Guangya then successfully organized
Airborne nuclear missile explosion test and missile carrying nuclear warhead explosion test
Then he organized his forces
The hydrogen bomb test was successful
1993, Zhuguangya Lop Nur Nuclear Test Base
History records: from atomic bombs to hydrogen bombs
It took 7 years and 3 months in the United States
The Soviet Union took 6 years and 3 months
It only took 2 years and 2 months in China
Notoriously "not talkative"
People in the industry know
Zhu Guangya is famous for "not talking"
He doesn't give interviews to reporters and doesn't write memoirs
Even there are only 4 published academic papers
CCTV once broadcast a TV series about the development process of "two bombs and one satellite."
——" Five-star Red Flag Fluttering in the Wind"
Many people are curious:
Why is there no zhu guangya's role?
The biography of the "two bombs and one star" founder is very rich
There is no "Biography of Zhu Guangya"
It's not that no one wrote it, but it's that I didn't get detained when I went to him
It is to be returned because I did not agree to publish
He always said, "Write about someone else first, and I'll talk about it later."
The People's Liberation Army Publishing House once planned to publish a set
"National Defense Science and Technology Scientist Biography Series"
Zhu Guangya is the one who must write
When he submitted the application for approval, he did not say a word
Lifting the pen, I crossed out my name
Zhu Guangya's family portrait in 1974 when he was fifty years old
What does a father do?
Even his eldest son, Zhu Mingyuan, guessed it
He recalled:
One day in 1967, a group of children in the yard were chatting
Someone suddenly asked: What do our moms and dads do?
No one can answer
Some people say, let's recall
Is it not every time a nuclear test is published in a newspaper
Our mom and dad are not in Beijing?
When you think about it, it's true
Suddenly, we felt very sacred
Sat quietly for a long time...
On Zhu Guangya's 85th birthday
Du Xiangwan, former vice president of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, edited the article
"Strategic Scientist Zhu Guangya"
There are such regretful words in the afterword:
Zhu Guangya did the work
There are still many that cannot be announced to the public...
Nie Rongzhen (left) and Zhu Guangya (center) at the nuclear test site
In 1980, he bid farewell to the intercontinental missile test team (standing speaker Zhang Aiping, Zhang Aiping's second person on the left Zhu Guangya, and the third person on the right, Qian Xuesen)
He was always wearing the same old military uniform
Some people commented on Zhu Guangya
Whoever is not interested, he shrugs his eyelids
How much money there was, he didn't care
Ge Nengquan, former secretary general of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, recalled
In 1996, Zhu Guangya won the "Ho Leung Ho Lee Award" with a HK$1 million prize
Immediately offer to donate to the China Engineering Science and Technology Award Fund
Ge Nengquan said, "Can you donate a part?"
Let's say 500,000, you keep 500,000 yourself."
Zhu Guangya's eyelids did not lift: "Do as I say."
The next day, before Ge Nengquan went to go through the donation procedures,
And specially reminded: "Do you want to keep a part?" ”
Zhu Guangya only said two words: "Don't."
What car he was in, he didn't care
Zhu Guangya has a beloved "classic car"
Not a car, but a bicycle
Rode from the 1950s to the early 90s
Until he was in his 70s, he often went out on bicycles
In fact, the organization equipped him with a car and guards
What to eat, he did not care
At the beginning of the establishment of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, there was not even a canteen
Dean Zhu Guangya ate an ordinary box lunch with the staff
Every time, I wrapped up the leftovers that I couldn't eat and took home
His favorite dish is just home cooking in Hubei Province:
Pork rib lotus root soup, sandwiched with dried meat
What clothes to wear, he did not care
People say, "He's always in that old military uniform."
Zhu Guangya (right) at work
The unbelievable "fine"
However, sometimes Zhu Guangya is "fine" enough to make people think
Old secretary Zhang Ruoyu recalled:
Once in a meeting outside, Zhu Guangya asked him to go home and pick up a document
Tell him, the first few safes, the first few boxes
Count the first stacks from left to right, and count the first from top to bottom
Don't look at the content, just take it and give it to me
Reviewing documents, he is like a teacher grading students' homework
Not only the content is modified, but also sick sentences and typos
Even punctuation is carefully modified
And the handwriting is neat
His military uniform was as orderly as the document placement
There is a small card in each suitcase
It says whether the box contains winter or summer clothes, and it is clear at a glance
The pencils, erasers, and knives in his drawers were counted
The children sometimes quietly took one away, and he would find out right away
He also often wrote on the reverse side of the desk calendar
If only one sentence is needed
He would tear one down
Instead of using the whole sheet of paper
Zhu Guangya (left) and Cheng Kaijia
Zhu Guangya has a "treasure chest"
There are small accessories such as nails and screws
If something broke in the house, he would fix it himself
When the eldest son, Zhu Mingyuan, got married, Zhu Guangya gave him a radio
Once the radio malfunctioned, it had to be put aside
Who knew that soon, the radio was taken by his father and quietly repaired
Zhu Guangya also deliberately left a note
Tell your son which key was repaired
Be a little lighter when using...
What makes the children sigh is
My father, who officially retired at the age of 81, had little spare time
Political Commissar Chi Wanchun, who was then the political commissar of the General Armament Department
On the day of Zhu Guangya's retirement in 2005, he told him:
You are after our army established the retirement system
The leading comrades who have been in office for the longest time and are the oldest
For him
Listening to classical music and Peking opera at home occasionally is a pleasure
No one would have thought of it
When I was a graduate student at the University of Michigan
He was a baritone in the choir
In his later years, Zhu Guangya and his wife
February 26, 2011
Zhu Guangya died in Beijing at the age of 87
On that day, Beijing was covered with snow and the heavens and the earth were musu
Looking at the sky with tears in their eyes, many people said movingly:
"The day Qian Xuesen left
It's also snowing heavily..."
Source: Central Committee of the Communist Youth League