At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was divided into three kingdoms, and the flames were endless... Eryu is a three-country deception, and it is impossible to tell whether it is right or wrong. Thanks to the wide circulation of the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", the chaotic history of the division of the masses at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, as well as the group of prominent figures, can be said to be household names. But in fact, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was not divided into three kingdoms, at least four countries.
However, in the historical records or oral traditions of later generations, almost mention the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, but only the three countries of Wei, Shu and Wu are thought of. So why was it that at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were four kingdoms, but people rarely mentioned the fourth country, and Luo Guanzhong only wrote about the three kingdoms? What are the secrets of the country that has been erased?
The chaos at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty began with the Yellow Turban Rebellion, and each dynasty in the later period would more or less have drawbacks that were difficult to return. This kind of drawback of the Eastern Han Dynasty was the dictatorship of foreign relatives, the dictatorship of eunuchs, and formal corruption, but unfortunately, it encountered natural disasters again, so the common people could not survive. What if I can't survive? Of course, it was to rebel, when Liu Bang, the ancestor of Han Gao, could oppose Qin, and the people could naturally oppose liu Han's royal family.
In the seventh year of the Reign of Emperor Guang of Han (184 AD), the desperate poor peasants rose up one after another under the orders of Zhang Jiao. They wore yellow scarves on their heads and shouted, "The sky is dead, the yellow sky should stand, the age is in the armor, the world is auspicious", so they are called the Yellow Turban Army. Although the Yellow Turban Rebellion was quickly suppressed, this peasant uprising had already had a huge impact on the rule of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and in order to quell the rebellion, all localities supported themselves.
After the pacification, the situation of warlord division and the survival of the Eastern Han Dynasty in name was irreparable, and Dong Zhuo, Lü Bu, Yuan Shu, Zhang Xiu, Yuan Shao, Liu Biao and others fell one after another. However, it is generally believed that it was not until the Battle of Chibi in the thirteenth year of Jian'an (208) that Sun Liu's combined forces defeated the Cao army and laid the foundation for the establishment of the Three Kingdoms. In fact, at this time, in the land of China, there was a fourth well-established regime. That was the State of Yan, and the founder of the State of Yan was Gongsun Du, who was also comparable to Cao Cao, Liu Bei, and Sun Quan.
Gongsun Du was born in an unknown date, but he was a native of Xiangping, Eastern Liaoning, and was originally only a County official of the Eastern Han Dynasty. He was able to seize power only because he was later promoted step by step to the position of Taishou of Liaodong, and Gongsun Du was able to rise to this position because he met two nobles. One was Xuan Suo Taishou Gongsun Zhen, who had a son of the same age as Gongsun Du who died at the age of eighteen. His son's name was Gongsun Leopard, and coincidentally, Gongsun Du was also called Gongsun Leopard when he was a teenager, so Gongsun Zhen had a heart of love when he saw him.
Sent him to study, married him, and took care of him in every way. In the second year of Jianning (169), the imperial court elected a man of the Way, and Gongsun Du, together with Xie Bi of Dong Commandery and Chen Dun of Donghai, was elected as Shang Shu Lang. At one point, he was promoted to the post of Assassin of Jizhou, but due to rumors, he was deposed not long after taking office. At this time, he met a second nobleman, his compatriot Xu Rong, who served as a general under Dong Zhuo and elected Gongsun Du to become the Taishou of Liaodong.
Gongsun Du is a man with a skill, as long as he is given a chance to develop, he will inevitably continue to grow. Sure enough, Liaodong County was obediently governed by him, and King Fuyu took the initiative to become a vassal of Liaodong. Goguryeo was not convinced, Gongsun Du led his troops to clean up, and after the First World War, Goguryeo also obeyed the dispatch of Liaodong. Then there was Karasuma, when the Central Plains was in chaos, and only Liaodong could be called a rare "paradise" in the chaotic world because of its powerful military strength.
The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms records that in 190 AD (the first year of Chuping), Gongsun Du and his cronies said: Han Zuo will be extinct, and he should be with The Prince of Zhuqing. He had great ambitions, and indeed had this strength, and it did not take long for him to transform himself into the Marquis of Liaodong and the Pastor of Pingzhou. The strength of the Shu Han dynasty was more than 100,000, and the strength of the Gongsun clan was about 100,000, and it was from north to south. He had full strength to go south for a war, so in the Battle of Guandu in 200, Cao Cao wanted to win over Gongsun Dushi.
He refused, having planned to march into the Central Plains when Cao Yuan was defeated, but unfortunately. He died in 204, and Gongsun Du's descendants were also unable to support Ah Dou, and the Yan kingdom was never able to rank among the Three Kingdoms again. Of course, with greater strength, it can still be maintained for the time being. It was not until 237 that Cao Wei flourished as the rest of the country gradually weakened, and had the determination to unify China. The first solution was the State of Yan in the rear, and in 237 Cao Rui sent Wu Qiujian to attack the State of Yan and returned in defeat.
The following year, Sima Yi led a large army to re-emerge, and Gongsun Yuan dispatched troops to defend the Liao Tunnel, but unexpectedly caught Sima Yi's plan to move the tiger away from the mountain. He turned his army to attack xiangping, the capital of the Yan state, and Gongsun Yuan, the king of Yan, and the entire city were besieged, and had to surrender after running out of ammunition and food. Gongsun Yuan was beheaded by the Wei army on his way to escape, and the State of Yan fell, becoming the first of the Four Kingdoms to perish.
The withdrawal time is premature, which is one of the reasons why the Yan state rarely appears in the historical record, and the other reason is that the Yan state less participated in the Central Plains struggle and concentrated on overseas operations. It can only be said that Gongsun Du died too early, and the successors did not give strength, otherwise the situation may be the establishment of the four kingdoms.
Reference: Romance of the Three Kingdoms