During the war years, he made a revolution with one stroke of his pen, editing the Jin-Cha-Ji Daily, publicizing the anti-Japanese propositions and the construction of anti-Japanese base areas; he was one of the founders of the "People's Daily"; he also edited China's first "Selected Works of Mao Zedong"... His "labels" were revolutionary fighters, outstanding journalists, political commentators, historians, poets, and essayists.
His name is Deng Tuo, a talented man of the Fuzhou Drum Tower. The most famous works are the column essay "Yanshan Night Talk" written under the pseudonym "Manang Estate", and the column "Notes of Three Villages" opened with Wu Han and Liao Mosha.
Deng Tuo (infographic)
What kind of character did Fuzhou give to Deng Tuo? What traces did he leave in Fuzhou? Let's rediscover Dunto's relationship with the city...
Deng Tuo (1912-1966), formerly known as Deng Zijian, pen names Manan Estate, Deng Yunte, Zuo Hai, etc., was a native of Fuzhou, Fujian Province. He once served as the president and editor-in-chief of Jinchaji Daily and People's Daily, the chairman of the All-China Journalists Association, the secretary of the Secretariat of the Beijing Municipal Party Committee, and the alternate secretary of the Secretariat of the North China Bureau of the CPC Central Committee.
Statue of Deng Tuo
former residence
Passing through Guanya Square, a not-so-lively commercial street, at the foot of Wushi Mountain, Deng Tuo's former residence is not difficult to find. Not far from here, the Chongmiao Baosheng Fortress Pagoda (Uta) is like a huge exclamation point, reminding the people of Fuzhou that there has been an extraordinary person living here.
Former residence of Deng Tuo
The door of Deng Tuo's former residence is not large, there are not many tourists, far less bustling than any ancient house in the three lanes and seven alleys, but the simplicity and quietness give it a unique temperament. Whenever a tourist comes, the administrator will draw a line on the record book, and a group of five people is a "positive" word. Such traditional methods of counting people are now rare.
On February 26, 1912, Deng Tuo was born here, in the early morning hours of his birth, the rising sun, the father named his son "Xuchu". After entering the school, he changed his name to "Zijian", and the name "Deng Tuo" was changed after he arrived in the Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region.
Deng Tuo's birthplace is now Deng Tuo's former residence
According to Chen Fengyu, the curator of Deng Tuo's former residence, Deng Tuo's childhood life was simple, and his family lived on the meager income of his father's teaching in a private school. Deng Tuo often went to the hillside not far from home to collect grass and firewood, sometimes running to the nearby river pond, catching small fish and crabs, and digging bamboo shoots in the bamboo forest behind the house in front of the house.
At that time, the father disciplined the children very strictly, stipulating that they would rise at dawn, and the morning lesson was to memorize ancient poems and practice writing large characters. In the courtyard of Deng Tuo's former residence, there is an "ink pool", and it is said that when Deng Tuo wrote large characters, he often used a "broom pen" tied by himself, dipping clear water from the pool and practicing repeatedly on the ground.
The "ink pond" in Deng Tuo's former residence
There are two stone carvings in the flowers and trees, one is the "First Mountain House" written by the Qing Dynasty Forest Materials Institute, and the other is Deng Tuo's lyrical poem of Huai Mingzhi: "When the wind and rain read the book, the blood and fire articles were uneven. Those who are born to help others should be idle, and their hearts should be self-evident for the revolution. Hardship turned into a mountain stone, and he went to the zhizhuang people's feelings. The years have endless wishes, and the four hours are checked to listen to the chickens. ”
"First Mountain House" stone carving
The stone carving of "Gift to Comrade Yang Shu" written by Deng Tuo himself is now standing in the courtyard of the former residence
Chen Fengyu introduced that in the early 90s of the last century, the government purchased Deng Tuo's former residence from the owner of the house at that time, and in 1992, the former residence was restored and displayed, opened to the public in 1994, and then underwent several renovations.
Today's former residence tries to maintain the original appearance of Deng Tuo's residence: the house sits north to south, with the mountain as the screen, a small building with a double-storey wooden structure, which is the old residential style of Fuzhou in the late Qing Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, and Deng Tuo's bedroom and study are in the west wing of the small building.
Many cultural relics and exhibits have been added to the former residence, such as pens and copies of manuscripts used by Deng Tuo to write "Yanshan Night Talk" and "Notes of The Three Villages", as well as recordings of poems recited in Fuzhou dialect. When Deng Tuo visited the Soviet Union that year, he bought an old-fashioned tape recorder, and every Spring Festival, the family would hold a family gathering, each member would put out a program, and everyone would perform into the microphone, this recording material was recorded at this time, and it was also used as a Fuzhou poetry chanting art to participate in the intangible cultural heritage.
Some of the manuscripts on display in Deng Tuo's former residence
Relics of Deng Tuo
alumnus
In 1923, Deng Tuo enrolled in Fuzhou Sanmufang Middle School, which is now Fuzhou No. 1 Middle School. At the History Museum of Fuzhou No. 1 Middle School, Deng Tuo's photo appeared on the photo wall of alumni celebrities as an "academician of the two academies".
"Alumni" Deng Tuo left a famous saying "adhere to the truth, evil as a vendetta; iron bones, rather than bend" has become the spirit and temperament of today's school; the student press corps's self-run magazine "Tuofeng", one saying has the meaning of "Deng Tuo's legacy"; in the library of the new campus of Fuzhou No. 1 Middle School in Minhou, wisteria was also planted, also to commemorate Deng Tuo, because The name of Deng Tuo's book is "Wisteria Zhai"; and there is a huge stone in the center of the Phoenix Pool next to the gymnasium of the new campus, on which is engraved Deng Tuo's handwritten poem: "Qianqiu pen and ink shock the world, Miles of clouds into the drawing. The campus drama competition is also named after him - "Deng Tuo Cup".
The story of Deng Tuo in the most well-known school in the province did not stir as imagined. According to reports, the principal of that year was an enlightened person who returned from staying in Japan and was influenced by the culture of the East and the West, and the school's curriculum was relatively new, and Deng Tuo broadened his knowledge horizons in the middle school era. His memory is very good, and he can memorize the poems taught by the teacher during class.
Publications published during Deng Tuo's high school years
In this middle school, the most famous story handed down by Deng Tuo is that once, the teacher told Tang poems and came up with the title of "Reading Luo Yin Yong Bee Seven Absolute Feelings", allowing everyone to write a poem freely. He wrote: "Stepping on the twelve peaks of the stream and mountains, the difficult livelihood does not need to be occupied!" How many sad people in the world, why donate a drop of sweetness? After seeing his son's poem, father Deng Ouyu was very happy and praised: Wu'er was not crowned with poetry.
According to the biography of Deng Tuo (written by Gu Xing and Cheng Mei, published by Shanxi Education Publishing House in 1991), Deng Tuo completed his studies at the "Fujian Provincial Senior High School", which may have been the predecessor of Fuzhou Senior High School. Another theory is that Deng Tuo was an alumnus of Fuzhou Chengmen Middle School. According to the person in charge of Shing Mun Middle School, the Fujian Provincial Senior High School was relocated several times and several schools were relocated in that year, and the site of Shing Shing Middle School around 1926 was in Sanmufang.
According to the Shing Mun Middle School, Deng Tuo and a few classmates organized the reading club "Weed Society", published a self-edited and self-printed publication "Weeds", and wrote current affairs commentaries in the "National Times", which should be done in the current Shing Mun Middle School. It is said that when Chiang Kai-shek launched a counter-revolutionary coup, the Kuomintang hunted down revolutionaries in Fuzhou, surrounded and suppressed progressive publications, the school was once surrounded by military police, and several students were arrested... Photographs and profiles of Deng Tuo are also exhibited in the school history materials of Shing Mun Middle School.
Deng Tuo took a group photo with the students of the "Weed Society" in middle school
This tall cheekbones and thin body of the teenager, in that small building, in the city of Fuzhou, seems to be unremarkable, and his legend begins after the age of seventeen.
"Yanshan Night Talk"
In addition to the column "Notes of Three Villages" opened with Wu Han and Liao Mosha, Deng Tuo's most important works are the column "Yanshan Night Talk" opened in the Beijing Evening News. So, what kind of column is "Yanshan Night Talk"?
On March 19, 1961, the first article of the "Yanshan Night Talk" column" "One-third of Life" was published in the "Five Colored Earth Supplement" of the Beijing Evening News. The author's name is "Manang Estate", which is the pen name Deng Tuo gave for his column.
In the first part of "Manang Estate", it is said: "The reason why I want to use the time of the night to make such a conversation to the readers and comrades is only to attract everyone's attention to cherishing this third of life, so that after all day of labor and work, they can enjoy some useful knowledge of ancient and modern times with a relaxed mood." ”
Deng Tuo was not yet 50 years old at the time, but he was already a famous old newspaperman. Since the age of 28, he has been the president and editor-in-chief of Jinchaji Daily, one of the predecessors of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's newspaper People's Daily, and since the age of 37, he has been the president and editor-in-chief of People's Daily, and he was the first editor-in-chief of the Central Organ Newspaper after the founding of the People's Republic of China. It can be said that the main experience of his life was in the editorial publication of newspapers.
In May 1938, Deng Tuo served as the director and chief editor of the Anti-Enemy Newspaper of the Political Department of the Jin-Cha-Ji Military Region (data map)
The title of the column of "Yanshan Night Talk" is exactly the handwriting of this old newspaperman himself. Although Yanshan to Beijing and night to the evening newspaper, although it is only a column name, it still reveals the skill and ingenuity of this old newspaperman: it not only perfectly corresponds to the newspaper "Beijing Evening News" that publishes the column, but also fits the positioning of this column when it was planned. The pen name "Manang Estate" is derived from "Ma Lan Village". This mountain village in Fuping County, Baoding, Hebei Province, was the same village where Deng Tuo was stationed when he presided over the Jin-Cha-Ji Daily.
Jin-Cha-Ji Daily edited by Deng Tuo
"Easy", "Useful", "Ancient and modern", "Knowledge"... Perhaps at the same time that the name "Yanshan Night Talk" was fixed, Deng Tuo had already formed such a style positioning in his mind.
At that time, "Yanshan Night Talk" was a sensation, and its popularity, pertinence (or criticism) was very strong. Zhang Shouren, who was in charge of editing this column, remembers that many newspapers across the country at that time opened similar columns one after another, including "Dazhong Daily", "Yunnan Daily" and "Shandong Daily", "I remember that newspapers and periodicals in Fujian also had such columns, and the influence of "Yanshan Night Talk" affected the north and south of the great river at that time."
In April 1979, "Yanshan Night Talk" was republished by Beijing Publishing House
At that time, Mr. Lao She's evaluation of this column was: "Write small articles in a big way, be unique and eclectic"; Professor Hou Renzhi of Peking University said that "Yanshan Night Talk" is "both ideological and intellectual, and only those who learn to be rich in five cars can write so wonderfully."
Zhang Shouren recalled: "This column was published twice a week, and then the reader was simply asked to come up with a title, and at that time the letter could really be described as 'snowflake'. Deng Tuo was an expert in literature and history, rich in knowledge, we were out of the newspaper in the afternoon, often at eight or nine o'clock in the morning to call him to tell the reader the topic, two hours later he asked his correspondent to send the manuscript to the newspaper. His calligraphy is very good, and each manuscript is like a calligraphic work. This column has also become the best brand in the north evening. ”
"Yanshan Night Talk" is to supplement material scarcity with spiritual food: from 1959 to 1961, there was a nationwide food shortage and famine, and during the most difficult period, the school also stopped physical education classes and studied at night. "Yanshan Night Talk" is nothing more than to enrich the people a little in spiritual life, and look at these informative and targeted essays. At that time, there were very few knowledge-based articles, which were the enlightenment of ideological and moral consciousness for young students, and reminded leading cadres to respect science and not to engage in nonsense. Zhang Shouren said.
《Bamboo Stone Diagram》
Another thing that The talented Deng Tuo did that deserves to be written about is his protection of cultural relics. Deng Tuo once rescued many precious cultural relics by "throwing away his family", and then donated these cultural relics to the state free of charge. Among these cultural relics, the most worth mentioning is the "Bamboo Stone Diagram".
The most well-known painting of su Shi, a great scholar of the Song Dynasty, one of which has been lost to Japan, and the other is the "Bamboo Stone Map". In 1961, Deng Tuo sold 14 pieces of the collection, plus the manuscript fee of "Yanshan Night Talk", and made up enough to buy "Bamboo Stone Diagram" for 5,000 yuan. "My father's collection was not to add value, but to write a "History of Chinese Painting", but unfortunately he did not write in the end." Deng Tuo's son, Deng Zhuang, said, "At that time, my father also found the China History Museum to borrow samples of Song Dynasty fabrics for comparison (the Song Dynasty painted on silk), and invited experts to identify them. He felt that this might be the true handwriting left by Su Shi, at least it was of research value. His father wrote the verse: 'Jun'ai civilization is not a treasure, as a master is not a slave', and donated all 145 sets of his collection to the country free of charge. ”
Part of "Xiaoxiang Bamboo Stone Picture Volume" (data map)
In 1983, the Ministry of Culture organized experts to identify the "Bamboo Stone Map", and seven experts, including Qi Gong, Xie Zhiliu, Yang Renkai and Xu Bangda, voted on the authenticity of the painting, of which five experts believed that it was authentic. In 2007, the cultural relics donated by Deng Tuo were completely restored. In 2012, the "Special Exhibition of Ancient Chinese Paintings Donated by Deng Tuo" was held at the National Art Museum of China, which was the first full exhibition of Deng Tuo's donated works. "It was finally made public in 2012, the centenary of my father's birth, and it was also a realization of my father's original intention of donating the collection: to make it visible to researchers and enthusiasts." After half a century, I finally fulfilled my father's wish. Deng Zhuang said.
Source: People's Daily