After more than 40 years of reform and opening up, China's economy is in a new era of great development, great change and great adjustment. Looking forward to the next few years, China's economy is facing downward pressure, but the long-term trend of China's economic development has not changed, and China still has huge economic growth potential. There is no reason to be pessimistic. In the new journey, we are full of confidence. We must seize the opportunity, meet the challenge, and move towards the grand goal of realizing the Chinese dream. We must make overall plans for the overall situation at home and abroad, comprehensively deepen reform and opening up, seize opportunities, strive for development, make up for shortcomings, and strive to realize the development vision of the Chinese dream.
First, we must continue to deepen rural land reform and help urbanization and rural revitalization.
The Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed that for the rural land system, it is necessary to "consolidate and improve the basic rural management system, deepen the reform of the rural land system, and improve the system of 'separation of three rights' of contracted land."
In this regard, we also need to work from the following aspects: First, deepen the reform of the rural collective property rights system, and combine rural land reform with urbanization and rural revitalization. In the process of promoting new urbanization, organically combine rural land reform, modern agricultural industry development and rural construction, and play a centripetal role in promoting the prosperity of rural industries, promoting the integration of urban and rural development, and achieving the strategic goal of rural revitalization. Clearly stipulate the ownership, use rights and income distribution of land in the process of collective construction, balance the relationship between collectives and peasant households, and ensure the interests of farmers. Second, it is necessary to deepen the reform of the "separation of the three rights" of the contracted land, and further clarify the connotation, boundary and time limit of the rights and interests of the three rights. Finally, we can explore the establishment of rural land shareholding cooperatives and improve the corresponding compensation mechanism. Land shareholding cooperatives are conducive to promoting the industrialization, scale and intensive production of agriculture and promoting the increase of farmers' income.
"China's Roads and High-quality Economic Development", edited by Li Yining, deputy editor-in-chief by Cheng Zhiqiang, published by the Commercial Press
Second, establish and improve the financial market and better serve the real economy.
Deepen the structural reform of the financial supply side, ensure that the financial market plays a good role in the development of the real economy, take the reform of "decentralization and management of services" as an important part of deepening financial reform, implement hierarchical management, divide the financial powers of the central and local governments, build a multi-level, wide-coverage, and differentiated financial system; control the main responsible persons of financial institutions, financial regulatory departments, and middle- and middle-level managers; optimize the development environment of the real economy, continue to improve small and micro enterprises and "three rural" financial services, and maximize market vitality. Enhance the economic capacity of financial services entities. At the same time, we should actively and steadily prevent and resolve financial risks, better combine the prevention and resolution of financial risks with the service of the real economy, and promote the healthy and sustainable development of China's financial industry.
Third, it is necessary to stimulate the vitality of private enterprises and remove obstacles to the development of private enterprises.
After years of development, private enterprises have grown into an important part of the national economy, and have also made great contributions to China's industrial upgrading and structural optimization. However, at present, there are still many obstacles to the development of private enterprises, such as market access obstacles and the inability to obtain factor resources equally. At the same time, it also has its own shortcomings such as backward management system. Therefore, in order to promote the development of China's private enterprises, it is necessary to eliminate their development obstacles and their own problems.
On the one hand, the government should effectively implement the policy of promoting the development of the non-public ownership economy, create equal market access conditions for private enterprises, and at the same time carry out market-oriented reform of factor resources to ensure that private enterprises can obtain resources equally; in addition, it is necessary to promote the reform of the management system and limit the abuse of power, so as to dispel the idea of some private enterprises taking crooked doors and evil ways, and create a "close" and "clear" relationship between the government and enterprises. On the other hand, private enterprises themselves can introduce professional managers from the outside to establish a scientific and effective management mechanism.
Fourth, improve scientific and technological innovation and technical capabilities, and encourage innovative enterprises to go public.
Innovation is the first driving force leading development and the strategic support for building a modern economic system. At this stage, China's economy has shifted from a stage of high-speed growth to a stage of high-quality development, which puts forward new and higher requirements for promoting "mass entrepreneurship and innovation".
To this end, on the one hand, the government should assume the role of the creator of the innovation and entrepreneurship environment, release the innovation vitality of enterprises through simplifying administration and decentralization, and stimulate the innovation vitality of enterprises by creating a fair market environment, increasing fiscal and taxation policy support, optimizing services and other measures; on the other hand, it is necessary to enhance the leading role of innovative enterprises, promote the deep integration of innovation and entrepreneurship in universities and research institutes, and improve the institutional mechanism for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.
Fifth, adjust the strategy of opening up to the outside world and actively integrate into internationalization.
Since the reform and opening up, China has been pursuing the policy of opening up its economy to the outside world. The success of the export-oriented industrialization development model has enabled China to gain huge economic benefits in global economic cooperation, and has also brought win-win benefits to all countries in the world. In recent years, China has made remarkable achievements in international cooperation, establishing the "Belt and Road", a key economic opening initiative, promoting cooperation and dialogue with countries along the route, and establishing a new type of global partnership for development; at the same time, in order to adapt to the new international economic situation and new order, China has accelerated the negotiation of bilateral and multilateral free trade agreements.
However, the rise in China's domestic labor costs, the excess manufacturing industry, the extrusion of industrial transfers, and a series of turning points in the international political and economic pattern have forced China to adjust and improve its strategy of opening up to the outside world.
In opening up to the outside world under the new situation, we must pay attention to the following two issues: First, change the mode of foreign economic development. From the traditional export-oriented industrialization development model, it has shifted to the post-industrial economic development model of industrial upgrading and export substitution, and at the same time realized the upgrading from labor-intensive manufacturing to capital-technology-intensive manufacturing and service industries.
Specific measures include promoting intelligent manufacturing; encouraging hard technology research and development to form China's own technology and brands; encouraging private enterprises to establish sales networks abroad, acquire internationally renowned brands, and form their own leading trade channels.
Second, it is necessary to create good external conditions for China's peaceful development. At the multilateral level, China should unswervingly support the multilateral trading system and promote trade liberalization and facilitation. At the level of regional cooperation, it is necessary to truly formulate a regional cooperation strategy in view of the trend of regional integration. Focus on the "Belt and Road" to promote the formation of a new pattern of comprehensive innovation. In the next step, China should plan the construction of mechanisms and rules from a strategic height and make solid and steady progress.
Sixth, build a global energy Internet and build a community with a shared future for human energy.
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "we must seize the new round of energy structure adjustment and energy technology change trend, build a global energy Internet, and achieve green and low-carbon development". The initiative to build a global energy Internet is based on building a community with a shared future for mankind, based on global sustainable development, and based on responding to the common challenges facing mankind, which reflects China's responsibility and leading role as a major country. The establishment of the global energy Internet has profound strategic significance and tactical value. As a major change and innovation in global energy governance, the Global Energy Internet depicts a new blueprint for the future development of world energy, which will profoundly change all aspects of global energy development, economic growth and social life, open up a new situation in the world energy reform, and open up a new era of global energy cooperation, which is of far-reaching significance in the history of human energy development.
(The author is the founding dean and honorary dean of Guanghua School of Management, Peking University)
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