1. Bulbophyllum. Including a variety of bulbous insects, such as peach bulb wax borer, apricot bulbous oyster, etc., mainly occur in peach, apricot, cherry, plum, ash tree, willow, purple locust, purple leaf and other fruit trees and green plants. Morphological characteristics. Such mesophylls mainly parasitize on the branches of plants, and the female adults have nearly hemispherical or spherical bodies, and their body colors are yellow-brown and reddish-brown, which are better recognized. Regularity of occurrence. Most species occur in 1-2 generations per year, mostly with nymphs overwintering in the shade of the branches, and migrating to the young branches after the following spring to fix the stinging hazard. May is the time when adults lay eggs and nymphs hatch.
2. Japanese turtle wax beetle. Its host range is wide, mainly including purple weed, magnolia, osmanthus, oleander, rose, peony and other ornamental plants and peach, plum, jujube, loquat, apricot, hawthorn, apple, pear, fig and other fruit trees. Morphological characteristics. Female adult wax shells are oblate oval, white, 3–4.5 mm long, with a tortoiseshell-like groove in the dorsal part. The body of the live insect is pale brown to purple-red, the nymph hatches reddish brown, begins to secrete wax after 1 day, and forms a wax shell within 7-10 days. Regularity of occurrence. Occurs 1 generation a year to overwinter with fertilized female adults overwintering on branches or leaves on trees. In March and April of the following year, activities resumed, sap was sucked, and the excretion of honeydew often induced coal pollution disease. The wheat harvest period is the peak of spawning, the eggs are laid under the mother's shell, and in late June the eggs hatch, and the nymphs crawl around to find suitable parasitic sites for fixation, with most leaves, and a few on petioles or young branches. Eggs and hatching periods with high rains have a high survival rate, and vice versa, a high mortality rate. Hatching nymphs can generally crawl about 80 cm, and long-distance propagation is mainly dependent on wind diffusion. Male and female insects mate from late August to late September. After fertilization, the female continues to infest and is transferred from the leaves to the branches to prepare for the overwintering.
Third, Kang's mealybug, also known as pear mealybug, plum mealybug, in addition to harming pears, but also harmful apples, peaches, grapes, etc., with adults and nymphs sucking the sap of the host plant's young shoots, young branches, leaves, fruits and roots. After the young branches are killed, they are often swollen, the bark is longitudinally cracked and withered, and the early victimization is deformed. Three generations a year overwinter with eggs in crevices in the trunks and thick-skinned branches of the dead trees. When the pear tree sprouts the following year, the overwintering eggs hatch into nymphs, which feed on the young parts of the host plant. In the first year, the nymphs are in mid-to-late May, the second generation is in mid-to-late July, and the third generation is in mid-August, and the female adults often crawl to the cracks in the thick skin of the branches or the calyxes and stems of the fruit to lay eggs, and some lay the eggs in the soil, and the eggs are laid in the egg sacs formed by the wax secreted by the female insects. Critical period of control: when the pear tree germinates during the incubation period of wintering eggs and the peak period of nymph occurrence in various generations, that is, mid-to-late May, mid-to-late July and late August.
Fourth, pear roundworm is one of the international quarantine objects, the endangered fruit trees mainly include pears, apples, peaches, grapes, etc., can parasitize all aboveground parts of fruit trees, after the branches are killed, causing cortical wood thrombosis and phloem duct tissue decay, cortical bursting, inhibition of growth, causing defoliation, and even branches withering and the death of the whole plant, in the fruit is mostly concentrated in calyx and stem depressions, around the shell of the purple red spots, reducing the value of fruit. Three generations occur in a year, with second-instar nymphs and a few fertilized females overwintering on the branches, feeding in mid-to-late March of the following year, fetal nymphs in early to mid-June, the second generation from late July to early September, and the third generation from September to early November. Key periods of control: the beginning of the wintering insect state is mid-to-late March and the wintering nymph period is early to mid-June.
Fifth, the mulberry shield borer is also known as the mulberry white borer, peach borer shell insect, etc., the host has apples, pears, peaches, etc., especially the peach trees are the most seriously affected. This female adult and nymph colonizes and sucks on the branches of fruit trees, occasionally harming fruits and leaves, and when severe occurrences occur, the shells overlap densely, and the surface of the branches is uneven, weakening the tree, and even causing the death of branches or whole plants. After the occurrence of the peach orchard, if effective prevention and control measures are not taken, the peach orchard can be destroyed in 3 to 5 years. Two generations occur every year, with the second generation of fertilized females overwintering on the branches. In mid-to-late March, after the peach tree germinates, it begins to suck and the insect body expands rapidly, and the first generation of eggs hatches in mid-May and the second generation hatches at the end of July. Nymphs are mostly fixed on 2- to 5-year-old branches for feeding. Critical period of control: The female begins to feed, that is, in mid-to-late March and at the end of each generation of egg hatching, that is, late May and early August.
Sixth, grasshoppers are also known as grass shoe borer shell insects, and the hosts are apples, pears, peaches and so on. Nymphs ascend trees in early spring and flock to young shoots to suck, causing the buds to wither, weaken the trees, and reduce yields. It occurs once a year, overwintering as eggs in the soil under the trees, under the weeds, etc. In February, the nymphs begin to hatch when the sap flows, crawling back and forth along the trunk at noon in the case of higher temperatures, and clustering in branches and holes at night. Critical period for control: The peak period for nymphs to reach trees is mid-March.