In the end, what is the "talent without encounter"? In ancient societies where Confucian ideas prevailed, a person's success was often measured by whether he held an official position to implement his political and military ideas. Then, "no encounter" mainly refers to the failure of political ambitions to be carried out, and "talent" should also refer to political and military talents and strategies.
Liu Xun said in the "Wenxin Carved Dragon": "The ascension of Gaishi is used for success. Lu Zhi Jing Jiang, the woman's clever ear. However, he pushed his chances, ruled the country with Fang, and had a husband to learn literature, but not to reach the political affairs? The disciples of PiyangMa are literate and qualityless, so they will eventually be subordinated. ”
In Liu Xun's view, the value of a scholar lies in doing practical things. Although Yang Xiong, Sima Xiangru and other humanistic writers are outstanding and famous rhetoricians, they do not have practical political talents, so it is inevitable that they will not be able to do very high.
However, the protagonist of this article, Jia Yi, not only has literary talent, but also political talent, but for various reasons did not have time to display his talent and died young, and was regarded by later scribes, especially poets in the Tang and Song Dynasties, as a typical example of Huai Cai.
Jia Yi, a native of Luoyang, Henan (present-day Luoyangdong, Henan), had few talented names, and the Chronicle of Qu Yuan Jia Shenglie mentions Jia Yi: "In the eighteenth year of the year, he was able to recite poetry and was known in the county. It can be seen that Jia Yi was already very familiar with the Confucian classics when he was young and was known for his talent.
Shou Wu of Henan County, who loved his talents and learning, summoned his subordinates. Soon after, Wu Gong was promoted to the central government and served as the highest official in charge of justice. Wu Tingwei then recommended Jia Yi as a talent to Emperor Wen of Han, and the recommendation said: "Yan Jia was born young, and he was quite familiar with the book of hundreds of sons and hundreds of families." Emperor Wen of Han, who also loved talent, appointed this young man as a doctor, and Jia Yi was only in his early twenties at this time.
Such a young and promising figure soon revealed his outstanding political talents: "Under every edict, the old gentlemen cannot speak, Jia Sheng is right, and everyone does what he wants." The beings then thought they could, but they could not do it. (The Biography of Jia Yi of Han)
For some questions, many old gentlemen do not have enough talent to make arguments, but Jia Yi can answer them every time.
Every gift given by fate is secretly marked with a price tag. Jia Yi, who was about to reach the peak of his life at a young age, soon ushered in a major blow.
When Emperor Wen of Han consulted with his ministers and wanted to promote Jia Yi to the post of secretary of state. Zhou Bo, Dou Bao, Dongyang Hou, Feng Jing, and others slandered Jia Yi out of jealousy, saying that Jia Yi was "a young beginner, intent on usurping power, and messing up all kinds of things." Perhaps this young man was indeed too popular, and later Emperor Wen of Han alienated Jia Yi and appointed him as the Prince of Changsha.
After three years of residence, Emperor Wen recalled Jia Yi. In the Xuanfu Hall, Emperor Wen asked him about the ghosts and gods. The talented Jia Yi also gave a statement that satisfied Emperor Wen. It is worth mentioning that this stubble was later written into the poem by Li Shangyin, who said sarcastically: "Poor night half empty front seat, do not ask the cangsheng to ask the ghosts and gods." ”
Although most of the colleagues who used to regard Jia Yi as "a thorn in the eye and a thorn in the flesh" were no longer there, Emperor Wendi of Han still did not arrange a position suitable for Jia Yi to display his talents, but appointed him as the Prince of Lianghuai. However, we need to know that King Huai of Liang was Emperor Wen's youngest and most beloved son, and asking Jia Yi to teach King Huai of Liang shows that Emperor Wen still recognized Jia Yi's talent very much.
However, then King Liang Huai accidentally fell to his death on horseback, and Jia Yi blamed himself for being a mistake of being a taifu, and this sense of guilt has always haunted Jia Yi, so he soon died depressed. This year, Jia Yi was only thirty-three years old.
In his short life, although Jia Yi was brilliant and truly appreciated by Emperor Wen of Han, many political ideas were directly or indirectly adopted. But it was also true that he was framed for slander, and spent only two years in the DPRK, and later died young. In the end, he has not ascended to the position of secretary of state, and many of the views and propositions he has in his chest will be put into play in the future.
Such an ending, for such a talented man who is full of poetry and books and has great political creativity, is really full of tragedy, so it has won countless future generations to tear up tears of sympathy.
After Jia Yi was demoted to Changsha, his heart was very depressed, and when he passed through Xiangshui, he remembered Qu Yuan. Qu Yuanzhong was slandered and believed and doubted, which naturally unnaturally aroused the strong resonance of Jia Yi, who was also degraded, so he wrote the famous "Hanging Qu Yuanfu". It was precisely because Sima Qian saw the similarity of the experience of the two people who did not meet because of the frame-up, that he reconciled Jia Yi with Qu Yuan and wrote the "Biography of Qu Yuan Jia Sheng".
As one of the most far-sighted politicians of the early Han Dynasty, Jia Yi planned a series of policies and strategies for the long-term peace and stability of the Han Empire. Although the han wendi who had the reputation of a ming emperor partially adopted the opinion, it was generally not reused, and it was degraded, and he died of depression in his thirties. When future generations of poets want to find the typical example of the huaicai and the type of talent from the talents of the predecessors, Jia Yi cannot be ignored.
Especially the poets of the Tang Dynasty, they originally liked to compare the Han Dynasty with the Current Dynasty. (On this issue, the previous article Ink Sauce has been discussed in detail.) When they write poems related to Jia Yi, they often have the following purposes.
First of all, borrow the wine cup of the ancients and pour yourself a block.
Many people can't get around the fact that he is "talented" and is often mentioned. For example, in Tang Yanqian's "Confidant of Sending Taiwan Province", "The name of Jia Taifu is like a literary horse"; Qian Qi's "Sending Yan Weiwei to Henan" "Ganquan did not dedicate his heroic endowment, and the official He Laojia Yicai" and so on.
There are also people who remember his loyalty and ability, and his heart is related to the people. For example, Du Fu's "Gift to the Left Servant to Shoot Zheng GuoGongwu": "Yan Hui is short and folded, Jia Yi is loyal"; in the poem "Tongyuan Envoy Jun Chun Ling Xing", "Jia Yi used to mourn, Kuang Heng often quoted the scriptures", using Jia Yi to weep and state the major affairs of the state to Emperor Wen of Han, and used the allusion of "Jia Yi crying" to show the poet's own concern for current affairs.
Yes, the more perfect Jia Yi's image is, the more painful those experiences are. However, we know that the poets' sympathy for Jia Yi is a symptom, and in fact most of them are used to pour their own blocks.
The deplorable image of Huai Cai not encountering it is also displayed in front of the reader's eyes.
Like Liu Changqing, who passed through Changsha on the way and saw Jia Yi's former residence, he couldn't help but touch the scenery. In "Changsha Over Jia Yi House", it is written:
Three years to please the eunuch this perch late, the ancient curtain left Chu guest sad. After autumn grass went alone, the cold forest saw the sun when it was empty. Han Wen has a Dao Grace to disturb the thin, Xiang Shui ruthless hanging do you know? Where the lonely country and mountains are shaken, what is the matter with the emperor to the end of the world?
The first few sentences tell jia yi's unfortunate encounter, and at the end of the union, the word "pity jun" is actually a kind of self-pity, and the ancients and the present people have a heart-to-heart seal, which is exactly what the epic poem really wants to convey. Jia Yisheng is still like this, fate is sometimes really uncontrollable, and there are many unfortunate people in the world.
Secondly, praise the present with the scriptures, complain rather than anger, and have expectations for the re-establishment of meritorious names.
Jia Yihuaicai's experience of not meeting also had a positive impact, although he was degraded to Changsha for framing, but he was recalled by Emperor Wen of Han three years later, this experience is full of hope. Tang Dynasty scribes used this to encourage themselves to cheer themselves up when they were not encountered, or to encourage their friends. They believe that as long as they are talented, they will eventually have the opportunity to be recalled for reuse. This inspired the Tang Dynasty scribes to maintain a resentful and not angry mentality when they were in difficult situations.
For example, Li Bai. He was convicted of participating in the shogunate of The Yong King, Li Xuan, and exiled to Yelang, but was later pardoned and temporarily returned to the east. Despite the severe blows, his political enthusiasm remained undiminished. The long poem written during this period, "After the Chaos and Departure of Heavenly Grace Flow Night Lang Remembers the Old Travel Book Huai Gift Jiang Xia Wei Tai Shou Liang Zai", it is said: "Jundeng Fengchi go, do not abandon Jia Shengcai." That is, he hoped that Wei Liangzai could suggest to the imperial court that he be recalled.
Another example is in the "Farewell Book": "Holy Pilgrimage Si Jiayi, should descend the Purple Clay Book." "I also hope to be recalled and reused like Jia Yi." In "After Release, I Encounter Grace Without Sticking": "Abandoning the Country of Changsha alone, I have not been allowed to return for three years." When to enter the propaganda room, I asked Luoyang Cai even more" and other poems also repeatedly compared jia Yi to himself, hoping to have the opportunity to be recalled by the imperial court.
Li Bai also likes to use "Jia Yi" to encourage friends, and he wrote in "Baling Gifts to Jia Sheren": "Jia Sheng looks west to remember Jinghua, and Xiangpu moves south to Mo Complain." The Holy Lord engulfed Emperor Wen of Han and did not send him to Changsha. It is to comfort friends by pity for being degraded, and "Mo complains" is to let friends not complain too much.
Jia Dao's work "Sending Friends to the South Tomb" has: "Mo sighed in vain to the eunuch, not the crowd of people on the shore like that." Nanling temporarily held the Qiu Xiang seal, and the Northern Que finally carried out jia yishu. The poet's optimism can be detected between the verses, and Jia Dao is to use Jia Yi as a metaphor for friends, encouraging friends to be like Jia Yi, although punished, but will eventually be used against the emperor.
Finally, borrow the ancient irony to expose the shortcomings of the times.
When poets see that there are some problems in society and current politics, they often think of the ancient scholars and generals who can have talents, and compare their deeds with the current situation, so as to achieve the purpose of satirizing the past and warning the rulers.
Liu Yuxi's "Yongshi Ii Songs and Second Songs": "Jia Shengming Wang Dao, Wei Qiao Gong Car Drama." When they met Han Wen, who occupied the noble position. "In the late Tang Dynasty, eunuchs abused power, imperial power fell by the wayside, and the court employed only the preferences of eunuchs, and eunuchs were also jealous of upright and virtuous courtiers, and many incompetent people were used. It was precisely because the poet saw the problem of poor employment in the official field that he wrote poems borrowing the history of Emperor Jia Yiwen to express his dissatisfaction with the actual situation of employing people in the imperial court.
There is also Li Shangyin's "Jia Sheng" mentioned above: "The Xuanfu room asked for meritocracy to visit the courtiers, and Jia Sheng was even more ruthless. Poor night half empty front seat, do not ask the heavens to ask the ghosts and gods. The first two sentences write that Emperor Wen of Han was thirsty for talents and met With Jia Yi in the middle of the night to inquire about major state affairs, and the last two sentences sharply satirized the ruler with a twist and "do not ask the heavens and ask the ghosts and gods." Lamenting that Jia Yi's talent has not been able to be displayed, in fact, it is a lament that he cannot have the opportunity to perform because of party strife; on the surface, it is a satire on Emperor Wen, but in fact it is directed at the ruler in reality.
In short, no matter what kind of writing purpose the poet has, it is based on the feeling that Jia Yihuai did not meet.
The reason why the Tang Dynasty scholars were so sensitive to "Huai Cai did not meet" was mainly due to the contradiction between their excessive expectations of "state and Tao" and reality. In ancient Chinese society, where Confucian culture dominated, the ideological system established by the Confucian classics also became the criterion for the scribes to settle down and establish their lives, who not only firmly believed in "learning and excellence", but also consciously assumed social responsibility, that is, the so-called "self-cultivation and family rule the country and the world".
In the prosperous era of the Tang Dynasty, the political and military strength was strong, the national strength was strong, and many supreme rulers were indeed able to open up their speeches and follow the flow of good. The scholars also have a strong sense of social responsibility and entry into the world with a strong sense of social responsibility and entry into the world, and pursue the realization of political ambitions. However, reality is always complex and bone-chilling, and they will always suffer from all kinds of dissatisfaction.
In fact, in a specific competitive environment, there are fewer proud people and more frustrated people. As a result, there are many feelings of "huai cai does not meet". In the final analysis, "not meeting with talent" is a kind of unwillingness to meet expectations.
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