Coffee Story
Beacon Zhang Yuan
Editor's Note
Zhangjiakou is located at the confluence of Taihang Mountain, Yanshan Mountain and Yinshan Mountain Range, is the junction of the North China Plain and the Mongolian Plateau, is the only fortress connecting the Mongolian Plateau region and the Central Plains, and its unique geographical location determines the important economic, military and cultural status of Zhangjiakou City. Turning over the history of the development of Zhangjiakou, it is a history of the war of the Chinese nation, a battlefield of the past that is famous everywhere, the fortress fortresses that have read the vicissitudes of the past, and the ancient walls of the Great Wall that are like a long rainbow, telling more than 50 famous wars from the integration of ancient nationalities to the final decisive battle of the Liberation War, carrying the great achievements of the former sages, patriotic generals, and benevolent people of all generations. Zhang Yuanfangzhi sorted out the important battles that took place in the Zhangjiakou area and related contents according to the AD year for the benefit of readers. The post system of the Yuan Dynasty was the most perfect in the past, and now the Zhangjiakou area is located between Shangdu and Dadu, and the post stations and post roads here are more perfect. Yilu witnessed the yuan dynasty emperors and politicians nearly a month of road office every year, is the condensation of the century-old Yuan Dynasty emperor journey office royal road, these stations and yilu also played a positive role in the development of the area along the way, laying the prototype of Zhangku Shangdao. Today Zhang Yuanfangzhi introduces the brilliant Yuan Dynasty Yilu to everyone, welcome you to interact with us after the article.
Brilliant Yuan Dynasty Post Road
With the continuous expansion of the territory during the Genghis Khan period, in the vast territory, the military and political ties between the Khanate and various places (including the khanates) and between the various localities urgently needed to be strengthened, and one of the important means of strengthening the connection was to set up a station. Station Chi, a Mongolian transliteration, means Si Yi (司驿者), referring to station officials and station households, and also refers to Yi Chuan in general. Also do "station station" and "station". Genghis Khan began to set up post stations, and after wokoutai was in place, he began to establish a vast system of post stations. After the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, post stations spread throughout the country, centered on The Capital, northeast to nuergan (around the present-day Heilongjiang estuary), north to Giligith (present-day upper reaches of the Yenisei River), and southwest to the territory of the Wusizang Xuanwei Division (present-day Tibet), with unimpeded roads. The station has a water and land division, the water station uses boats, the land station uses horses, cattle, cars, dogs, etc., and there are horse stations, cattle stations, stations, dog stations (known as dog pulling crowbars), at that time there were more than 1500 stations in the country.
In the first year of the Yuan Dynasty (1260), Kublai Khan ascended the throne to the north of the Jinlian River, and its name was Kaiping Province (present-day Zhenglanqi East, Inner Mongolia). In the fourth year of the central unification (1263), Kaiping was renamed Shangdu. Shangdu was an important political center of the Yuan Dynasty and an important hub of the Northern Post. In the eighth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1271), the name of the country was dayuan. In February of the following year, Kublai Khan moved the capital to Dadu (present-day Beijing) and established a system in which the emperor stationed in the Shangdu area every summer, held dynastic meetings here, took pleasure in hunting, and returned to Luang Dadu in the autumn to make regular visits to the two capitals. Since the Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty implemented the "two capital patrols" system from the time of Kublai Khan, the construction of the post road between Shangdu and Dadu was highly valued.
In the Yuan Dynasty, "hunting" was also regarded as "a major event of the country", and in order to facilitate the emperor's visit, Kublai Khan ordered people to build a palace to the east and west of Shangdu for the emperor to live in during hunting, commonly known as the East Pavilion and the West Pavilion. The official name of the West Pavilion is Chahan Brain Palace, which is located in Dahong City, Guyuan County, Zhangjiakou City. The Mongolian language Chahan brain, meaning white sea, so yuan people often call it the white sea official in poetry.
At that time, there were four post roads from Dadu to Shangdu, three of which passed through the area of present-day Zhangjiakou. These stations are fully equipped, the construction of the post stations is complete, the cars and horses on the stagecoach are endless, the pedestrians look at each other, and the traffic is very popular, which can be called the highest in the country.
The first is the Old Road. 孛老, is a Mongolian language with the semantic meaning of "west". Among the four post roads, Bo Lao Road is the westernmost, also known as West Road. Before the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, this road was the road from the interior to the north of the desert. The road departed from Dadu juyongguan, entered Longqingzhou, passed through Yulin Station, Leijia Station, Jimingshan Station, Out Xuanping Deshengkou (present-day Wanquan Town), cross-country Fox Ridge, crossed Fuzhou (present-day Zhangbei), turned east to Chahan Brain Erxingguan, received Yundao, and went north to Shangdu, with a total length of about 700 kilometers. Before Kublai Khan's unification, this road was the "right way", and all emperors, envoys, and officials followed this path. In the third year of the Central Unification (1262), Wangyun Road was changed to Yilu Zheng Road. However, the emperors of the Yuan Dynasty returned to Dadu from Shangdu every autumn and often took this road, so it was also known as the "West Road of the Bowl".
The second is Wangyun Yi Road, also known as Wangyun Road. After Kaiping ascended the throne, Kublai Khan decided to "go from Jinshan (present-day Yanqing, Beijing) to Wangyun, and quickly take the road to Lihaiqing Station", and stipulated that "in the future, envoys and officials will enter Wangyun Station except for military affairs in a hurry, and those who have Haiqing cards will enter Wangyun Station" and "If there is no has a haste to do official work in Haiqing, they must not go from Wangyun and only enter the big station" (the big station is the Old Station). Wangyunyi Road passed from Dadu via Changping Xindianyi, out of Juyongguan, through Longqingzhou Jinshan Station (present-day Yanqing, Beijing), Yulin Station (present-day Yulin, Huailai County), Diaolu Station (present-day Chicheng County), Chicheng Station (present-day Chicheng County), Longmen Station (present-day Longguan Town, Chicheng County), Dushikou Station (present-day Dushikou, Chicheng County), Ming'an Station (present-day Guyuan County North), Chahan Brain Palace (present-day Guyuan County), Huanzhou Station (present-day Inner Mongolia Zhenglanqi North), to The upper capital Kaiping, with a total length of about 600 kilometers.
The third is the Kurotani East Road, also known as the "Renlu Road". It is exclusively for the emperor to visit the upper part every year, and ordinary people are forbidden to walk. Because the road passes through Heigu (northwest of Yanqing County, Beijing), it is called "Heigu East Road". There are two more roads, one for each round trip, from Dadu to Shangdu to take the east road, from Shangdu to Dadu to take the west road, which is the so-called "east out of the west" in the "Hu Congji". This road has 18 Na Bowls (Khitan language, here referring to the Emperor's Account), the first Na Bowl out of the capital is Dakou (Beijing Haidian North), passing through The Na Bowl is: HuangBeidian (Northwest Beijing), SoapHorn, Longhutai (Northwest of Changping County), Stick Mallet Shop (East Exit of Yanqing County), Guanshan (Dushan, Yanqing County), Shaling (FengyuanDian of Guyuan County), and Niu Quntou. Later, it went to Zhenggudian, Nihe'er (both of the above places are near ChahanNao'er), Nanpodian (Zhenglanqi West), and finally to Shangdu.
The fourth is Gubeikou Road, also known as the "East Road" because of its location to the east, which does not pass through the Zhangjiakou area and is intended for use by supervisors and the army. Starting from Dadu, via Shunyi (Shunyi District, Beijing), Tanzhou (Miyun District, Beijing), Gubeikou, Xuanxingzhou (Xiaochengzi, Beixingzhou Village, Luanping, Hebei), up the northwest of the Luan River, through Dongliangting (Baichengzi Ancient City, Duolun County, Inner Mongolia) to Shangdu.
In the Yuan Dynasty, there were many stations in the area of present-day Zhangjiakou, including Tumuyi, Leijia Station, Jimingyi, Xuandeyi, Deshengbao Station, XuanpingYi, Shunshengyi, Toubaihuyi, Shenjingbaoyi, Dongchengyi, Xichengyi (present-day Yangyuan), Yongxingyi (present-day Zhuolu), Shizaiyi, Weizhouyi, Zhaochuanyi, Longmenyi, Diaoyuyi, Chicheng Station, Dushikou Station, Buluyi (present-day Zhangbei), Chaojiacun Station, Polosumiao Station, No. 3 Di Station, Daqinggou Station, Nan trench station, Washing Marlin Station, and Huai'an Station.
(The article is excerpted from "Zhangbei County Chronicle", "Zhangjiakou Chronicle", "Zhangjiakou Military Culture Grand View", "Zhangjiakou Military Chronicle", "Lovely Zhangjiakou", "Zhangjiakou History and Culture Series", "Chinese Historical Atlas", "Jiao Fubao: The Historical Value of Shangdu and Dadujian Yilu in the Yuan Dynasty", "Ye Xinmin: Overview of The Traffic of Post Stations in the Northern Region of the Mongolian Yuan Period", "Wei Xiaoying: The Formation and Development of the Mengyuan Yi road system", "Luo Xin: Towards the Jinlian River - A Pre-publicized Hike", etc.)