Porcelain Identification True Knowledge Hall:
Let's talk about the wood kiln.
There is a strange phenomenon in the collection circle, the more controversial and problematic the ancient famous kiln utensils, the more the folk like and pursue. The National Museum does not have a collection, and the people have it. If you want to say that it is not right, then you are committing a big taboo, and you will not be relieved not to press on the ground.
Wood kilns are an example.
Chai kiln, according to legend, is the imperial kiln of the Later Zhou Emperor Chai Rong during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, named after Chai Rong's surname. The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, inheriting the Tang Dynasty on the top and the Zhao Song Dynasty on the lower, is the general term for the five short-term regimes of the Liang Tang And Jin Han Dynasties. Historians generally have the prefix, because the dynastic names of Liang, Tang, Jin, Han, and Zhou all appeared before the Song Dynasty.
The story of the Later Zhou Dynasty, the most widely known, the Northern Song Dynasty Taizu Zhao Kuangyin Chen Qiao mutiny, the yellow robe plus body, seized the power of Chai Rong's orphans and widows. Since then, Chinese history has entered the 300-year Zhao and Song dynasties.
When I was a child, I liked to listen to books, "Yang Jiajian" and "The Complete Biography of Yue Yue" are the most popular, and it is estimated that many friends before the 70s had this preference. Therefore, the history of the Song Dynasty, especially the history of the early Northern Song Dynasty and the early Southern Song Dynasty (one anti-Liao, one anti-Jin), many friends are familiar with it, all of which are the credit of storytellers.
This wood kiln, rain over the sky and clouds break, the color of the person to do the future. It is said to be the imperial approval of Chai Rong of the Later Zhou Dynasty. Please see clearly, it is said! Where did it come from? Or the book!
Ming Xie Zhaochun's Zhè's "Five Miscellaneous Tricks" is an ancient literati note novel! It is written in the book: "The pottery wood kiln is the oldest, and the fragments of which are obtained by people today are also at the same price as Jin Cui." The cover color is both bright and blue, and the quality is thin, which can decorate the toy; the one who is the finisher cannot be seen again. When the chai shizong was burned, the priest asked for its color, and the royal approval cloud: 'The rain passes through the blue sky and the clouds break, and the color of the person does the future.' ’
Born in the first year of Longqing (1567), he was a scholar of the 20th year of the Wanli Dynasty (1592) and served as a governor of Huzhou. In the thirty-fourth year of the Wanli Calendar (1606), his father died, and Xie Zhaochun returned to Min for three years. In the thirty-seventh year of the Wanli Dynasty (1609), Xie Zhaochun became the chief of the Nanjing Punishment Department. The "Five Miscellaneous Tricks" has an engraving of the Forty-fourth Year of the Wanli Dynasty. It should be a work of Xie's filial piety thirty-four years after the Wanli Calendar.
Figuring out where this legend came from is of great significance for the identification of wood kilns. The ancients most importantly examined evidence, and all those with a basis should indicate the source. And those without evidence will write the word "transmission", which means rumor, not personal witness.
This is the record of the color of the wood kiln in the historical literature seen so far, "where the rain passes through the blue sky and the clouds break, and the color of the person does the future". It has been marked as a legend and the style is a novel!
The sky blue color of the wood kiln is recorded in earlier literature, and the "Treatise on the Ancient Essentials" was written by Cao Zhao during the Hongwu period in the early Ming Dynasty, and it is recorded that: "The wood kiln ware came out of the north." It is said that the person burned when the surname of Zhou Shizong was Chai, so it was called a chai kiln. Azure, moist and delicate, with fine lines, mostly coarse loess feet, rare in recent times. It is also said that it is "passed on.". This is the earliest historical document seen in the wood kiln.
Some people say, and slowly, wasn't it the Northern Song Dynasty Ouyang Xiu who first recorded the wood kiln? The following quote is widely circulated:
The earliest documentation of the chai kiln is the Song Dynasty Ouyang Xiu's "Guitian Collection", which once said when talking about the "Ru kiln flower yao": "The chai kiln is as colorful as the sky, the sound is as loud as the world, and the world hopes to have it, and those who get its fragments use gold jewelry as a tool." The Northern Song Dynasty Ru kiln is quite similar, when the kiln Ruzhou was set up, and the people did not dare to build it privately. Not much today. 'Whoever sees the color of the wood kiln, the azure rain is outdated, the Ru kiln magnetism is more similar, and the official bureau is selfless'.""
The "Guitian Collection" is included here
But what is the truth? This text was not written by Ouyang Xiu at all, but by Gao Shiqi during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty! Gao Shiqi was a great collector in the early Qing Dynasty and the curio master of the Kangxi Emperor. He died in the forty-third year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1704).
Qing GaoShiqi's "Guitian Collection"
Cultural relics and archaeology, the most taboo to spread false rumors. One irresponsible remark can poison future generations for many years. Because the original researchers irresponsibly attached Gao Shiqi's "Guitian Collection" to the Northern Song Dynasty Ouyang Xiu's "Guitian Record", all of a sudden this chai kiln confirmed the legend created by the Northern Zhou Emperor Chai Rong. Ouyang Xiu was a great scholar of the Northern Song Dynasty, and was born in 1007 and died in 1072. The main era of his life is not far from the 960 years of the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty, and if he said that there was a wood kiln, there must be! The legend of the wood kiln became a fact because of this rumor.
Gao Shiqi's "Guitian Collection" records about the wood kiln
In the books written by the real Northern Song Dynasty, there is no mention of wood kilns at all. Xuanhe Bong Envoy Goryeo Tujing ".. The rest are Yuezhou ancient secret color, Ruzhou new kiln ware, probably similar... The color is particularly good
Let's talk about the more popular ones: "green as the sky is as thin as a mirror as thin as a paper"! Ming Zhang Yingwen's "Qing Secret Collection" records: "On kiln ware, it must be known as chai, ru, official, brother, and ding." Chai cannot be obtained, and the smell of its clouds: 'Green as the sky, bright as a mirror, thin as paper, sound as exhausted.' This must be seen with one's own eyes, so it is said. Its true remainder is seen in a piece of debris, made of a tassel ring, the color and light are the same, but the ear is different. Cao Zhongyun: "'The wood kiln is full of loess soil', I don't know if it is." This is the earliest documentary record, and it is very clear, "smell its system", that is, I have heard of it. Moreover, he said that he had seen pieces of it, the tire was thick, not as thin as paper.
Zhang Yingwen (c. 1524~1585), who died 20 years before Xie Zhaochun returned home in 1606 to keep the system, is likely to refer to Xie's "Five Miscellaneous Tricks" with reference to the "Qing Secret Collection". In this way, we have found the source of the two earliest rumors about the wood kiln. That is, the interpretation of the literati in the early years of the late Ming Dynasty.
Zhang's own interpretation of the four ru, said very clearly, I have not seen the complete instrument, I have heard, I have seen fragments, do not conform to the legendary thin as paper. And later generations of appraisers take the rumors of Zhang Shi as the secret of wood kiln identification, I really don't know what the intention is!
Before the qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the anonymous "Notes on the Southern Kiln" recorded: "Wood kiln. During the Zhou Wude period, the treasure house of fire, glass, agate, and gold stones were sintered together, and because of the order, they were glazed. Its glaze is as blue as the sky, bright as a mirror, thin as paper, and ringing like a chime. Its wonderful four are like, made in Ruzhou, porcelain is worth thousands of gold. ”
The interpretation of the interpretation is more perfect at this point, but this author is either not highly educated, not well-read, or the pirates in later generations write wrong. Wude is the era name of Li Yuan, the emperor of Tang Gaozu. The post-anniversary number is Xiande! He didn't even know the year number, the treasure house he said was on fire, and the sintering of the gold stone into a glaze was even more empty, which was not recorded in the history of the five dynasties. Speaking of the four examples, the wood kiln was built in Ruzhou, and it is even more unknown what it is, it is purely fictional.
The article is written here, do you understand? The rain of the wood kiln breaks through the sky and the clouds, and the four identification secrets of the four clouds that are as thin as the mirror and as thin as the sound of paper are all interpretations (or made up by himself) based on rumors by novelists and literati. As for the fact that some so-called great collectors (who can go to Baidu themselves) have added the story of Chai Rong of the Later Zhou Dynasty interpreted in "Five Miscellaneous Tricks" to the Song Huizong and Ru Kiln, it is even more irresponsible nonsense.
Documentary archaeology, like field archaeology, is part of the scientific identification of artifacts. The author did not intend to point out the fallacies of the chai kilns, but these fallacies of the chai kilns (Ouyang Xiu said that there were chai kilns in the Northern Song Dynasty, the rain of chai rong's royal approval was over azure, the Treasure House of later Zhou caught fire, and the identification secret of qing as thin as a mirror and as thin as paper) became more and more intense, and even created ru kiln rain over azure, Song Huizong had a dream, Chai Rong's imperial approval became Song Huizong's royal approval, and other irresponsible remarks, and then did not correct them, for fear of leaving poison in future generations not shallow, so they did not speculate, read the classics, and corrected them.
The Chai Kiln Book is from the book of Cao Zhao of Hongwu in the early Ming Dynasty, when the Cao clan did not see it in person, but it should have a book, and the existence of the Chai Kiln (Later Zhou Guan Kiln) cannot be easily denied! However, those stories and sayings that were later deduced changed from legends to conclusive conclusions, and no author said that he had personally seen the complete vessel of the wood kiln, and on this basis, the four-such identification of the wood kiln secrets of "raining over the sky and breaking the clouds" and "green as the sky is as thin as a mirror as a chime" are not credible at all.
Play collecting, the most taboo self-righteous. Especially for this legendary famous kiln porcelain. I know that after this article was issued, it must be another scolding, it doesn't matter, as long as it can play a role in correcting the chaos for ancient porcelain collectors, it doesn't matter if you scold it bit by bit, after all, this is a meritorious thing!
Wood kiln porcelain is currently overwhelming, and collectors think that their collection is a real wood kiln! What do you think? Is what the author is talking about reasonable? Positive energy supporters comment.
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The Forbidden City hides the azure Ru kiln