On 26 March 2020, Premier Li Keqiang of the State Council signed State Council Decree No. 725 promulgating the Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Crop Diseases and Pests, which came into effect on 1 May 2020. According to the requirements of Article 4 of the Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, crop diseases and pests are divided into three categories according to the characteristics of crop diseases and pests and the degree of harm to agricultural production:
A type of crop disease and pest refers to crop diseases and insect pests that occur in a particularly large area or may cause particularly heavy losses to agricultural production throughout the year, and their directories are to be formulated and published by the competent department for agriculture and rural affairs under the State Council;
Category II crop diseases and pests refer to crop diseases and pests that occur in a large area or may cause major losses to agricultural production throughout the year, and their directories are to be formulated and published by the competent agricultural and rural departments of the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and reported to the competent agricultural and rural departments under the State Council for the record;
The three types of crop diseases and insect pests refer to crop diseases and insect pests other than the first type of crop diseases and insect pests and the second class of crop diseases and insect pests.
Today, I will introduce you to a class of crop diseases and pests. On September 15, 2020, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs published a list of crop diseases and pests:
A list of crop diseases and pests
I. Insect pests (10 species)
1. Grass moth spodoptera frugiperda (smith)
2. Locusta migratoria linnaeus (locusts and other migratory locusts)
3. Meadow borer loxostege sticticalis linnaeus
4. Armyworm [Oriental armyworm mythimna separata (walker) and Lloyd's leucania loryi duponchel]
5. Rice planthopper [brown planthopper nilaparvata lugens (st l) and white-backed planthopper sogatella furcifera (horváth)]
6. Rice longitudinal curl leaf borer cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée)
7. Dihua borer chilo suppressalis (walker)
8. Wheat aphids (Hagi valley mesh aphid miscanthi (takahashi), grain pipe aphid rhopalosiphum padi (linnaeus) and wheat diplodophidschizaphis graminum (rondani)]
9. Potato beetle leptinotarsa decemlineata (say)
10. Apple beetle moth cydia pomonella (linnaeus)
II. Diseases (7 types)
11. Wheat stripe rust puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici
12. Wheat gibberellosis fusarium graminearum
13. Rice blast magnaporthe oryzae
14. Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus
15. Potato late blight phytophthora infestans
16. Citrus xanthoxylitis candidatus liberobacter asiaticum
17. Pear Fire Blight [Pear Fire Blight Erwinia amylovora and Asian Pear Fire Blight Erwinia pyrifoliae]
Let's take a look at what a type of crop disease and pest looks like, right?
+ Pests +
Grassy night moth
Grassland night moth is an important agricultural pest originating in the Americas, in 2017 the world's top ten plant pests "blacklist", in January 2019, for the first time, it was determined that the grassland night moth invaded Jiangcheng County, Pu'er City, Yunnan Province, after which the insect spread rapidly northward, invading 26 provinces in China within one year, and colonizing in southern China.
Grass nocturnal moth larvae
In addition to its favorite corn, it also eats more than 80 kinds of plants such as rice, cotton, sorghum, alfalfa, barley, wheat, oats, millet, peanuts, soybeans, tobacco, tomatoes, potatoes, onions and so on. To sum up, it is "able to fly, can eat, can live, difficult to prevent", commonly known as "demon moth".
Locusts
The flying locust is the most widely distributed locust in the world, covering four continents: Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia. Among them, the East Asian locust is mainly harmful to wheat, corn, sorghum, rice, millet and other grass plants, which are widely distributed in China, and most of the locust plagues in history are caused by East Asian locusts. In addition to the East Asian flying locust, it is reported that since the end of June 2020, a large number of yellow ridge bamboo locusts have continued to migrate from Phongsari Province of Laos to Yunnan, China, which should be highly valued.
Yellow ridge bamboo locust aggregation hazards
Yellow ridge bamboo locust commonly known as "bamboo locust", and flying locust and desert locust, is not a long-distance migratory pest, China's Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Sichuan and other provinces are distributed, usually like to eat bamboo leaves, but also eat rice, corn, sugarcane and other crops.
Grass borer
Grassland borer is a worldwide migratory flying pest, mainly distributed in Eurasia and North America, the larvae have cluster, sudden, omnivorous and other characteristics, can harm more than 250 kinds of plants, in China mainly in North China, Northeast and Northwest and other more than 10 provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions.
The moth of the 2008 Beijing Olympics "war moth" refers to the grass borer.
Sticky worms
Armyworm, also known as marching insect, five-color insect, is a kind of overeating pest, with long-distance migration, mainly harmful to wheat, rice, corn, sorghum, etc., large occurrence year also endangers beans, vegetables, trees and so on. In the 1970s, the frequency of large occurrences was very high, and after entering the 1980s, due to the reduction of insect sources, only a few years experienced localized serious hazards.
Rice planthoppers
Rice planthopper is an important migratory pest on rice in China, which occurs in the rice area south of the Huai River all year round, and the frequency of outbreaks in the Yangtze River Basin and its south area is high, and the main pests in China are brown planthoppers and white-backed planthoppers.
Rice planthoppers can not only suck sap to harm rice plants, causing slow growth of rice, delayed tillering, and increased empty grains, but also in the process of feeding, it can also spread rice virus diseases, seriously affect rice production, cause rice lodging, commonly known as "imperishable", so that rice yield is reduced or harvested.
Rice longitudinal curly leaf borer
Rice longitudinal leaf borer mainly harms rice, commonly known as white leaf insects, small bracts, is a long-distance migratory flying pest, in China's main rice areas have occurred. In the late growth stage of rice, functional leaves are damaged, which will lead to an increase in empty grains and a decrease in grain weight.
Ii. Chemical borer
Dihua borer, commonly known as drill heartworm, is an important drill moth pest on rice in China, its diet is heterogeneous, in addition to harming rice, it also harms reeds, rhombus white, wild rhombus white, sugarcane, sorghum, corn and other plants.
When the two borers are harmed at the seedling stage of rice, they can cause dead sheaths and dry hearts, and the harm at the pregnant panicle stage and the panicle stage cause symptoms such as dead pregnant ears, white ears and insect injuries, which seriously affect the yield and quality of rice.
Wheat aphids
Wheat aphid is also called greasy insects, oil worms, honey worms, different names in different places, is one of the main pests of wheat, in addition to harming wheat, but also harm corn, sorghum and other crops and thrush, matang grass, wheat lady and other weeds.
It has been accompanied by the whole growth process of wheat, which can cause aspiration hazards to wheat, affecting the photosynthesis, nutrient absorption and conduction of wheat.
Potato beetle
Potato beetle is a national agricultural plant quarantine pest, it eats potatoes, eggplant, tomato, tobacco and other solanaceous crops, generally cause potato production to decrease by 30-50%, and even extinction in severe cases. Potato beetles spread with potato chunks, packaging materials and transport tools, and adult insects can also migrate with the air flow, and the source of insects in Xinjiang and Heilongjiang is likely to be imported from neighboring countries.
Apple beetle moth
The apple beetle moth is a quarantine pest of agricultural plants in China, which seriously affects the production safety of apples, pears and other fruits. Most apple orchards in most of Xinjiang, central and western Gansu, eastern and southern Heilongjiang, central and eastern Jilin, southwestern Liaoning, northeastern Hebei, northern Tianjin, central and western Inner Mongolia, and central and northern Ningxia occur, and there is a risk of spreading to areas that have not occurred.
About the insect pests in the list of a class of crop diseases and pests in China is introduced here, and what are the wonderful contents of the disease part, so stay tuned for the next article.