Quantum mechanics is already one of the basic disciplines of modern physics, and its influence is growing! The huge influence forces people to understand it, but the strange phenomena in the quantum world challenge the logical bottom line of ordinary people. Even many physics enthusiasts are so confused that Bohr (a quantum physicist) says that "if a person hears quantum physics for the first time without getting confused, he must not understand it"!
Schrodinger
Schrödinger's cat is a kind of thought experiment proposed by the physicist Schrödinger in 1935, because people are confused about the phenomena of the microscopic world, so Schrödinger uses the more understandable examples in the macroscopic world to explain the confused phenomena of the microscopic world.
The experiment goes like this:
Put a cat in a non-transparent box with a little radioactive material at the same time, and there is a hammer on the poison bottle, which is controlled by an electronic switch, which is controlled by radioactive atoms. There is a 50% chance that this radioactive atom will decay and put down the hammer and release poison gas to kill the cat, while there is a 50% chance that the radioactive atom will not decay and the cat will survive. Whether or not radioactive atoms decay is completely random!
Schrödinger's cat
There are two ways to understand this experiment, one is the way of thinking of ordinary people, and the other is the way of thinking of quantum superposition!
First of all, do we ordinary people think that this still needs to be pulled? Even if the box is not opened, the cat will either die or live, and there will only be one outcome. The real result cannot be determined until the box is opened!!! I think you think so at this moment, because it is too much in line with our mental inertia!
In the quantum world, however, things are not exactly what people think. Because the box is a lid, the world inside is a closed system. As long as we don't open the box to observe, the situation inside will never be known, and the cat's life and death are superimposed. That is to say, the cat is both alive and dead, a superposition of two outcomes, and not only one that is either dead or alive.
I know you're confused, maybe you're going to swear, ready to spray in the comments section! But don't worry, look down, you may understand!
In the quantum world, the motion of particles is both fluctuating and particle-like! The simultaneous existence of these two states is the embodiment of wave-particle duality and the superposition of Schrödinger's cat.
Here's an example, and you'll understand right away!
In life, we have all played table tennis! I've also seen how table tennis is exercised! The ping-pong ball vibrates up and down, and moves forward.
Forgive the editor, I really can't find the material, so I made this GIF myself!
The real motion of the ping-pong ball in the figure is like the wave-particle duality of particle motion in the quantum world. That is, up and down vibration, and forward movement, the trajectory of movement is fluctuating! At the same time, the ping-pong ball is a real object, which can be understood here as a particle. Therefore, in the process of movement, ping-pong balls are a particle and are moving forward in waves. It cannot be said that table tennis is either a particle or a wave during movement. It is both a particle and a wave, a superposition of two states!!!
And our ordinary people's misunderstanding of Schrödinger is quite to say that the movement of table tennis is either a particle or a wave, and it is anyway one of these two states. And this is a false notion!!!
Particle motion in the quantum world has wave-particle duality. Like ping-pong balls, they are both particles and fluctuating!
To put it bluntly, when we observe, the uncertainty (superposition) of the particles becomes certain, which is another understanding of the uncertainty principle.
If we take pictures of ping-pong balls in motion, we're looking at particles in the quantum world. The real movement of the ping-pong ball is both a wave and a particle, when we observe, we take a picture, the photo taken is static, we can only see through the photo that the ping-pong ball is an object (particle), and we can't see that it is fluctuating. (Don't drill the horns and say things like references.
When we observe (take a picture) of a ping-pong ball, we can only see through the photo that it is in a particle state, but we can't see that it is fluctuating!
But this is only human observation, and the real movement of table tennis is still both a wave and a particle. But when we observe, ping-pong can only show one characteristic, but not fluctuations!!!
(ps: The author here is just an example, the uncertainty principle is not as stated in the article example.) The principle of uncertainty is not caused by the error of the measuring equipment. To be precise, it should be called the uncertainty principle, which means that the position and kinetic energy of particles cannot be measured at the same time, and the more accurate the position is measured, the more inaccurate the kinetic energy, and vice versa)
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