Anyone who has been exposed to quantum mechanics knows that there is a strange phenomenon in quantum mechanics, that is, the principle of uncertainty. Well, this is actually a misunderstanding at the time of the original translation, rather, the uncertainty principle, which was first proposed by Heisenberg.
Heisenberg
The uncertainty principle is precisely that the momentum and position of microscopic particles cannot be measured at the same time. This is not allowed to turn the sky upside down for people who are accustomed to classical mechanical thinking, how can this be? They will think that the reason why the momentum and position of the particles are inaccurate is because the accuracy of human observation instruments does not meet the requirements. But is that really the case?
Heisenberg proposed the uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics, and his intuition gave rise to such an idea. He believes that the reason for this is that the only means for human beings to measure microscopic particles is observation, and observation requires the use of tools, and this tool is to use electromagnetic waves to detect microscopic particles, because the detection tools we use - electromagnetic waves and detected microscopic particles are not very different in the order of magnitude of energy and mass, so the disturbance of the detection tools on the detection object is much more obvious than the macroscopic world. We know that the more you want to measure the position accuracy of microscopic particles, the more you want to use electromagnetic waves with short wavelengths to detect, and the shorter the wavelength, the greater the frequency, the greater the momentum, the greater the natural disturbance of the detection object, the more accurate you want to measure the position of the particle, the less accurate the momentum of the particle. This was the ideal experiment that Heisenberg first envisioned, a non-quantitative explanation of the uncertainty principle, which proved to be incorrect!
Below we refuse to use all physical formulas and terminology, so that everyone can understand the essence of the uncertainty principle as much as possible! The most mainstream explanation for the uncertainty principle is Bohr's principle of complementarity. I plan to explain this principle without physical experiments, which will inevitably make some readers confused, in fact, this is a broad way of thinking, this kind of thinking occurs in everyone's mind, but everyone ignores it! So what exactly is it?
Bohr
Suppose there are only two sides to a thing, such as Xiaoming is a very handsome person, and his learning is very poor. He has the characteristics of both sides. Then as an outsider to observe Xiaoming, you will know that Xiaoming is very handsome but at the same time poor learning. When the observer puts most of his energy into observing why Xiaoming is so handsome? He may conclude that Xiaoming's parents are very beautiful, That Bob's genes have been inherited, and that there are more detailed reasons such as maintaining a diet. But do not forget that the observer's attention is fixed, he put all his energy into observing Xiaoming's handsome, he will get more accurate factors of Xiaoming Shuai, then naturally ignore the observation of Xiaoming's poor learning, when the observer puts his attention into the study of Xiaoming's poor learning, he may get more detailed reasons such as Xiaoming's dislike of science and rebellion from childhood. When observers study the deeper reasons why Bob is handsome, the price is the loss of research on Bob's poor learning. So when we look at one side of something more carefully, the less detailed we look at the other side. When we observe both sides of things at the same time, we observe each side to a less detailed degree than when we observe this side alone.
At this time, you look back at the uncertainty principle, and the more we have to observe the precision of the particle's position, the more inaccurate the momentum of the particle is observed, and vice versa. The physical term for this phenomenon is called quantum observation collapse.
The particle itself is in two superposition states at the same time, that is, Xiaoming's itself has two sides, you don't observe, people are already good, at the same time in two states. When you observe one state, the other is like disappearing, and the more precisely you look at one state, the more blurry the other state becomes!
Come to think of it, this has risen to the philosophical level!