"Ambush on Ten Sides" is a famous large-scale pipa piece, the content of the music is magnificent and brilliant, the style is majestic and peculiar, which is rare in classical music.
This piece of music is based on the historical fact that in 202 BC, when the Chu and Han sides fought a decisive battle at Xiaxia (southeast of present-day Lingbi County, Anhui Province), the Han army set up a ten-sided ambush formation, thus completely defeating the Chu army and forcing Xiang Yu to kill himself on the Wujiang River.
The Decisive Battle of Xiaxia is a famous battle in the history of our country. In the last year of the Qin Dynasty, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang rose up. Under the fierce blows of the surging peasant uprising, the Qin Dynasty was declared dead. At this time, Liu Bang's Han army and Xiang Yu's Chu army launched a struggle to conquer the Central Plains and dominate the world. By 202 BC, the Chu and Han sides had been engaged in a war for several years, and due to the arrogance and indecision of the Western Chu overlord Xiang Yu, he repeatedly missed the opportunity to eliminate Liu Bang's Han army, but Liu Bang escaped from several total army destructions and regrouped.
By the time of the decisive battle, Liu Bang surrounded Xiang Yu's crowd of 100,000 with an absolute superiority of 300,000 troops. Late at night, Zhang Liang blew the flute and the soldiers sang Chu songs, which made the Chu army feel cornered, forcing Xiang Yu to lead eight hundred cavalry to break through and flee overnight, while the Han army pursued with five thousand cavalry, and finally launched a duel on the Wu River, Xiang Yu drew his sword and killed himself because he was outnumbered, and the Han army won a brilliant victory. The pipa song "Ten Faces Ambush" brilliantly uses musical means to express the fierce battle situation of this ancient war, and is a vivid and touching ancient battlefield sound painting.
The "Ten Faces Ambush" was first recorded in the "Huaqiu Ping Pipa Notation" published in 1818, and in 1895, Li Fangyuan published the "Thirteen Sets of Great Sets of Pipa New Scores of the Northern and Southern Schools", which renamed it "Huaiyin Pingchu". But this is a traditional piece of music that has been passed down in the folk.
As early as the end of the sixteenth century, Wang Youding of the Ming Dynasty recorded in the book "Four Zhaotang Collection" that Tang Ying, a famous pipa player at that time, played the song "Chu Han". The text reads: "When the two armies dueled, the sound moved the heavens and the earth, and the tile house flew down. Xu Erzhi saw that there were the sounds of gold, drums, swords and crossbows, and the sound of people and horses, and for a long time, those who complained and were difficult to understand were Chu songs; those who were miserable and strong sang generously for the song of King Xiang; there was the sound of chasing and riding in Daze; there was the sound of King Xiang's self-slaughter in Wujiang; and the voice of Yu Riding for Xiang Wang, so that those who heard it began to fight, and both were sad and finally fell into tears. It's so moving. This passage shows that the content, structure and musical image of "Ten Faces Ambush" are generally consistent with those described in the song "Chu Han", which proves that its circulation age is very long.
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