The Battle of Changping was the most tragic battle of the late Warring States period.
In this battle, the State of Zhao divided the Qin State and replaced the veteran general Lian Po with Zhao Kuo, who was "talking on paper", and Zhao Kuo was arrogant and light enemies, and was surrounded by the famous general Bai Qi of the Qin State. Bai Qi induced 450,000 Zhao troops to surrender, and finally buried them all alive.
This great defeat caused Zhao Guoyuan to be seriously injured, and the "History of the Zhao Family" described: "Zhao Zhuang's people are all dead and peaceful! Zhao Guoqing's young and mature men died in this battle, and the soldiers temporarily recruited were basically underage baby soldiers.
However, after the Battle of Changping, the State of Zhao not only did not destroy the state for 38 years, but also hanged the State of Yan and repeatedly fought with the State of Qin.
The reason why Zhao Guo can be so "strong", these four people are indispensable!
Schematic of the Battle of Changping
Fan Ju (film and television image)
After the Battle of Changping, the King of Qin planned to destroy the State of Zhao with one blow, so he ordered bai qi to divide the army into three routes and take the state of Zhao directly. At this time, Su Qin's younger brother Su Dai was keenly aware of the contradiction between Fan Ju and Bai Qi, the chancellor of the Qin State.
Su Dai persuaded Fan Ju: "Once the Zhao state is destroyed, the greatest hero is Bai Qi, and the King of Qin is bound to promote Bai Qi again, then Bai Qi's official position will be above you." When the time comes, will you be willing to be his subordinate? Besides, even if you are willing to be his subordinate, with your contradiction with Bai Qi, coupled with Bai Qi's personality, can he tolerate you? ”
"Besides, the cause of the Battle of Changping was that Korea gave the Shangdang besieged by the Qin State to the Zhao State, and this time the Qin State was victorious, but the people there were unwilling to accept the rule of the Qin State and fled their homeland, and the Qin State grabbed the equivalent of an empty city. In the current situation, for the State of Qin, the best choice is to make a truce with the State of Zhao and let the State of Zhao cut off the land and seek peace, so that Bai Qi will not establish merit again! ”
Fan Ju was moved, and on the grounds that the soldiers were tired, he persuaded the King of Qin to strike the army and let the Zhao state cede 6 cities to negotiate peace. A few years later, Fan Ju used a trick to kill Bai Qi.
This peace talk won a precious respite for Zhao Guo, and accumulated some strength for the liberation of the siege of Handan two years later.
Pingyuan Jun Zhao Sheng (film and television image)
In 258 BC, because the State of Zhao presented the six cities ceded to the State of Qin to the State of Qi, the King of Qin once again sent troops to attack the State of Zhao, all the way to handan, the capital of the State of Zhao.
At this time, Pingyuan Jun scattered his family wealth, recruited troops to resist hard, and took advantage of the temporary conscription of the previous two years, zhao guo barely withstood the first round of attacks of the Qin army, but Handan was heavily besieged by the Qin army, and the Zhao state survived, only in the blink of an eye.
Therefore, Zhao Sheng, the Prince of Pingyuan, ran around, first writing a letter to his brother-in-law Xinling Jun Wei Wujie for help, Wei Wuji obeyed Hou Ying's strategy, stole soldiers to kill Jin, and led 100,000 Wei troops to save Zhao; then Pingyuan Jun Zhao Sheng led Mao Sui and 20 other disciples to the Chu Kingdom, persuading King Chu Kaolie to send Chun shen jun Huang Xie and lead a large army north to save Zhao.
Subsequently, the rescue troops of Qi Yan and other countries also arrived accordingly, and the coalition army fought with the Qin army, defeated the Qin army, lifted the siege of Handan, and once again pulled the Zhao state back from the edge of the line of life and death, and Bai Qi was forced to kill himself after this war because of Fan Ju's frame-up.
In the following eight years, the Zhao kingdom ushered in a brief period of peace and was able to recuperate.
Lian Po (film and television image)
In 251 BC, the Yan minister Li Belly sent an envoy to the State of Zhao and allied with the State of Zhao. During the envoy to Zhao Guo, it was found that there were no mature men in every household in zhao country. So he reported to the King of Yan: "The prime-aged men of the Zhao Kingdom were all killed in the Battle of Changping, and now the young people have not grown up, which is the perfect time to destroy the Zhao Kingdom!" ”
The King of Yan heeded the advice of Li Belly, with Chestnut Belly as the main commander and Qing Qin as his deputy general, dispatched 1,000 chariots and nearly 200,000 troops to attack the State of Zhao.
Zhao Guo learned the lessons of the Battle of Changping and appointed Lian Po as the commander to face Zhao Guo.
Lian Po was a well-deserved general, leading an army composed of a group of teenage newly recruited soldiers, defeating Li Belly in The First Battle at Yancheng, defeating Qing Qin in the Dai Commandery in the other, and leading the Zhao army to pursue the Yan army for more than 500 miles, directly encircling the Capital of the Yan State, Jicheng, forcing the King of Yan to seek peace.
Lian Po fought a battle of Zhao Guo's prestige, so that all countries did not dare to despise Zhao Guo and did not dare to covet Zhao Guo anymore.
Later, king Zhao listened to the rumors and abandoned Lianpo, and a generation of generals was annihilated.
Li Mu (film and television image)
The invasion of ethnic minorities has always been a headache for the Central Plains regime, and the Xiongnu did not have until the establishment of the Han Dynasty, and also forced Liu Bang and Qin Nagong, the ancestor of han Gao, until the period of Emperor Wu of Han.
At that time, Dai County in the northern part of the Zhao State was adjacent to the Xiongnu, and the Xiongnu often plundered Dai County. Later, Li Mu was stationed in Dai County, first jianbi qingye, as soon as the Xiongnu came, they drove all the common people and cattle and sheep into the city, leaving the Xiongnu with nowhere to grab. This lasted for several years, and when the army was reorganized, a large number of cattle and sheep were released to lure the Xiongnu to attack, and more than 100,000 Xiongnu troops were eliminated in a war, and the Xiongnu fled alone, and did not dare to approach the border of the Zhao State for more than ten years.
After the Qin king Yingzheng succeeded to the throne, he used the national strength accumulated by the ancestors of the Qin state to attack the countries in the east.
In 229 BC, after the State of Qin destroyed Han, wang Qi and Yang Duanhe were ordered to lead a large army to attack the state of Zhao, and Li Mu led Sima Shang and others to resist hard, and the Qin army was deadlocked for a time, so Wang Qi spent a lot of money to buy Guo Kai, the favorite minister of King Zhao, and framed Li Mu and Sima Shang for rebellion. So king Zhao sent Zhao Liang and Yan Ju to replace Li Mu, and Li Mu was so angry that he refused to surrender his military power, and after the resistance failed, he was killed on the way to escape.
Subsequently, Wang Qi defeated Zhao Liang and Yan Ju, captured King Zhao Qian, and Zhao Jia, the former crown prince of the State of Zhao, gathered remnants of soldiers to inherit the throne in Dai Commandery.
In 222 BC, Wang Qi's son Wang Ben attacked Dai Commandery and captured Zhao Jia, and the State of Zhao was completely destroyed.
After the Zhao Kingdom underwent the reform of the Zhao Wuling King Hufu Riding and Shooting, it became the most powerful of the Six Kingdoms of Shandong, and if there was no great defeat in the Battle of Changping, if it were not for the repeated faint moves after the great defeat in the Battle of Changping, perhaps the Zhao State would not have been destroyed so quickly, and the time for Qin Shi Huang to destroy the Six Kingdoms might have been postponed backwards.
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