Emperor Taizong of Wu, Sun Xiu (235-264), courtesy name Zilie, was the third emperor of the State of Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China and the sixth son of Emperor Sun Quan, reigning from 258 to 264 AD. At the age of eighteen, he was crowned king of Langya. On September 26, the third year of Taiping (258), Sun Xiu launched a coup d'état, deposing Sun Liang as the Prince of Huiji and installing Sun Xiu as emperor. Sun Xiu ascended the throne, and Sun Qiao was made a chancellor, and Sun Qiao power fell to the opposition, so he removed Sun Qiang. During Sun Xiu's reign, he promulgated a good system to benefit the people and promote the prosperity of Eastern Wu. Sun Xiu haowen. After ascending to the throne, he founded Guoxue in the first year of Yong'an, set up the Taixue doctor system, and established the Five Classics Doctorate, which was the abuse of Nanjing Taixue, and Wei Zhao offered wine for the first doctor. His wife was Empress Zhu.
Early life
When Sun Xiu was thirteen years old, he studied from Zhongshu Lang Sheci and Lang Zhongshengchong.
In the first month of 252 AD (taihe 2nd year), he was crowned as the King of Lang and lived in Hulin. In April 252 (the second year of Taihe), Sun Quan died, sun Xiu's younger brother Sun Liang succeeded to the throne, Zhuge Ke took charge of the imperial government, unwilling to let the kings live along the Yangtze River, and moved Sun Xiu to Danyang County. Taishou Li Heng repeatedly used the excuse to harass Sun Xiu, and Sun Xiu wrote a letter requesting to be moved to his county, so he moved to Huiji, lived for a few years, dreamed that he was riding a dragon in the sky, could not look back at the dragon's tail, and woke up quite strange.
In 258 (the third year of taiping), Sun Liang was deposed, and on the twenty-seventh day, Sun Qiang sent Zong Zheng Sun Kai and Zhongshu Lang Dong Chao to welcome Sun Xiu. When Sun Xiu heard the news, he initially had some doubts, and Sun Kai and Dong Chao jointly stated the reason why Sun Xiu and others welcomed Sun Xiu, stayed for a day and two nights, and set off. On October 17, arriving in Qu'a, an old man stopped Sun Xiu and said: "Things will change after a long time, and everyone in the world is looking forward to you and hopes that Your Majesty will move forward quickly." Sun Xiu thought that the old man was right, and rushed to Busaiting on the same day. The Wuwei general Sun En, who took charge of the affairs of the chancellor, led hundreds of officials to use the emperor's royal car to welcome Sun Xiu at the Yongchang Pavilion, built a palace, surrounded the toilet hall with a military tent, and set up a throne. On the eighteenth day, Sun Xiu arrived, and when he saw the Ben Temple, he stopped and let Sun Kai see Sun En first. When Sun Kai returned, Sun Xiucai rode forward, and the hundred officials paid homage to him as a vassal. Sun Xiu ascended to the temple, humbly did not go to the throne, and only rested in the East Wing. Hu Cao Shangshu went to the bottom of the steps to proclaim the song, and the chancellor held the jade seal and the fu qi. Sun Xiu repeatedly humbled, and the group of ministers asked three times. Sun Xiu said: "The princes will jointly push the widow, how dare the widow not bear the seal and the charm." "The hundred officials guided Sun Xiu to drive the car according to the hierarchical order, Sun Xiu took the God's Dragon, the hundred officials accompanied the attendants, sun Qiao led thousands of soldiers and soldiers to greet them in the suburbs, and worshiped on the side of the road, and Sun Xiu got off the car to worship. On the same day, he ascended to the main hall, pardoned the whole country, and changed the era name.
Ascension to the throne
On the 21st day of october in the winter of 258 AD (the first year of Yong'an), Sun Xiu issued an edict saying: "Praise the virtuous and reward the meritorious, this is the great righteousness of ancient and modern times." At present, the great general Sun Qi is used as the minister of state and the pastor of Jingzhou, and five counties of Shiyi are added. The Wu wei general Sun En was made the imperial historian, the wei general, the governor of the Chinese army, and the marquis of Fengxian County. The Weiyuan general Sun Zhi was made the Right General and the Marquis of Fengxian County. The partial general Sun Gan was made a miscellaneous general and the Marquis of Fengting. Changshui Lieutenant Zhang Bu was diligently counseled, with Zhang Bu as a supplementary general, and feng Yongkang Marquis. Dong Chao personally greeted him and was made a township marquis. He also issued an edict saying, "Danyang is too defensive of Li Heng, because he had a grudge with me in the past, and he tied himself to the relevant yamen." The ancients shot the hook and slashed the hook without remembering the previous vengeance, and served whom under whom, so they sent Li Heng back to the original county, not to let him doubt himself. "On the twenty-eighth day, Sun Que was made the Marquis of Wucheng, Sun Que's younger brother Sun De was made the Marquis of Qiantang, and Sun Qian was made the Marquis of Yong'an. On November 3, the wind blew repeatedly, and the fog continued to dissipate for days. The five marquises of Sun Qiu's family were all in charge of the Janissaries, and their power was terrifying to the lord, and he made a statement of request, and Sun Xiu had to treat it respectfully and did not dare to violate it, so Sun Qiao was even more arrogant and arrogant. Sun Xiu was worried that sun Qiu had a bad change in his heart, and he gave rewards many times. On the fifth day, Sun Xiu issued an edict saying: "The great general is loyal from the heart, the first to build a great plan to stabilize the country, the civil and military officials inside and outside the imperial court unanimously agree with his proposal, and they all have merit." In the past, Huo Guang's fixed calculations and the unity of a hundred officials did not exceed today's situation. In a timely manner, according to the list of personnel who participated in the ceremony of the temple that was discussed with the great general a few days ago, those who should be knighted according to the old practice must be handled as soon as possible. On the seventh day, he issued another edict saying: "The Great General is in charge of many military affairs inside and outside the Imperial Court, and there are many things to be done, and now he has appointed the Wei General Yushi Dafu Sun En as a servant, and shares with the Great General various affairs of the province." On the twenty-first day, he issued an edict saying: "There are five people in the families of low-level government officials, three of whom are working for the country, and their fathers and brothers are in the capital, and their sons are serving as county and county officials, and they have paid the prescribed taxes and grains, and the army must go with them, so that there is no one in the family to run the household, and I have great pity for this situation." There were five men in the family, three of whom were working for the state, and the father and brother of the family were allowed to decide which one to keep, and let him leave one at home, exempting his family from the grain and rice they should pay, and the army did not have to follow them when they went out on the expedition. He also said, "All the generals and officials who greeted and accompanied the attendants at yongchang Pavilion were promoted to one level." Soon, Sun Xiu heard that Sun Qiu had a rebellious plot, so he secretly planned it with Zhang Bu. On December 8, a wax festival was held, and the hundred officials went to the temple, the secretary of state went to the temple, and the samurai bound Sun Qiang, and executed him on the same day. On the ninth day, the edict said that because the General Zuo was crusading against the traitors, He appointed Zhang Bu as the Governor of the Chinese Army, Zhang Bu's younger brother Zhang Bu as the Marquis of Duting, and granted three hundred soldiers to his relatives, and Zhang Bu's younger brother Zhang Ke was appointed as a lieutenant.
Sun Xiu's edict said: "The ancients created a country, and education and study were placed in the first place, so as to guide folk customs to cultivate people's materiality and cultivate talents for the times." Since the Jianxing period, current events have changed, and officials and people have focused on matters of immediate interest, abandoning their own business and focusing on the last karma, not following the morality of the ancients. If the ideas advocated by society are not generous, they will be against customs and customs. According to the ancient system, it is necessary to set up academic officials, establish doctorates in the Five Classics, select the talents who should be selected, give them preferential treatment and fenglu, and recruit those who aspire to learn among the existing officials and the children of military generals and officials, so that they can study separately. After a year of examination, the score is the highest and the lowest, and the lu position is rewarded. Make others who see these situations happy to tend to this glory, and those who hear these situations envy the attainment of this fame. In order to urge the king to be civilized and carry forward pure and beautiful customs. ”
In the spring of 259 AD (the second year of Yong'an), thunder and lightning flashed. In March, the nine secretaries of state system were completed, and the edict said: "A man without virtue, committed to the prince, is restless day and night in his heart, and forgets to eat and sleep." Now it is planned to put an end to the war and to promote the enlightenment of The Great. To promote the way of benevolent government, we should start from the things that the people yearn for, and we must strengthen the production of nongsang. The "Pipe" has a saying: 'Cangmiao shi, know the etiquette; Enough food and clothing, honor and disgrace. 'If a husband does not cultivate, there will be starvation; If a woman does not weave, someone will suffer from cold; Hunger and cold are intertwined and the people do not do wrong, this has never been the case. Since recent years, most of the officials and people of the prefectures, counties, and the non-commissioned officers and men of the army have abandoned their own businesses, and have all sailed on the Yangtze River to and fro and trade back and forth, and the fertile land has gradually become barren, and the grain harvested has been decreasing day by day. It is also because the taxes are too heavy and the peasants receive very little that the situation has become like this! Now we are ready to extensively develop agriculture, reduce the people's taxes, collect taxes on the fields according to the strength of the labor force, make sure to make the peasants evenly burdened, so that the state and individuals can properly share the profits, so that every household is self-sufficient, and can support the whole family, old and young, then the people will cherish their own lives and not break the law and break the law, and then the punishment can be done without or less use, and the customs can be rectified. With the loyalty and wisdom of all the officials, if they can devote themselves to the current urgent tasks, although the flourishing indoctrination in the ancient times cannot be achieved for a while, the scene of Shengping in the period of Emperor Wen of Han may be realized. If this kind of rule is achieved, the monarch and his subjects can enjoy the glory, and if they cannot achieve it, they will suffer losses and humiliations. All the secretaries of state, Shangshu, can jointly discuss the plan, and must choose the measures that are convenient and perfect. Nongsang's busy season has arrived, and we must not miss the agricultural time. It was implemented immediately after the matter was decided, which was in line with Yuan's wishes!"
In the spring and March of 260 AD (the third year of Yong'an), the red crow appeared in the Legend of Xiling. In the autumn, he took the strict advice of the governor and built the Puli Pond. Rumors spread that Sun Liang, the king of Huiji, would return to the dynasty as the son of heaven, and Sun Liang's palace people falsely accused Sun Liang of asking Wu to pray for the ancestral shrine, and the prayer had vicious words. The relevant officials reported the matter to Sun Xiu, who was demoted to the rank of Marquis-in-Waiting and sent to a new fiefdom. Halfway through, Sun Liang committed suicide, and it is also said that Sun Liang was killed by the duck, and the people who escorted him were convicted and executed. Sun Xiu analyzed the jian'an county in the south and Jianping county in the sub-Yidu county.
In the summer and May of 261 AD (the fourth year of Yong'an), heavy rains overflowed with rivers, lakes and springs. In the autumn of August, Sun Xiu sent Guanglu's grand masters Zhou Yi and Shi Wei to inspect the customs and customs of the people in various places, to inspect the turbidity of the generals and officials in various places, and the sufferings of the people, and to issue edicts to promote and retire officials. In September, Bushan rumored that the White Dragon had appeared. In that year, Chen Jiao, a citizen of An Wu, was buried after his death, and six days later he was resurrected and got up from the soil himself.
In the spring and February of 262 (the fifth year of Yong'an), the north building of the White Tiger Gate was burned. In the autumn of July, the first new rumors appeared that a yellow dragon appeared. On August 13, heavy rain and thunder shook and flashed, and rivers, lakes and springs overflowed. On the sixteenth day, Zhu Shi was made empress. On the nineteenth day, he made his son Sun Yudan the crown prince and granted amnesty to the whole country. In the winter of October, the Wei general Puyang Xing was appointed as the chancellor, and the Ting Wei DingMi and Guanglu Xun Mengzong were appointed as the left and right imperial masters. Sun Xiu entrusted him with important affairs because the chancellor PuYang Xing and the left general Zhang Bu had been kind to him in the past.
Zhang Bu was in charge of the official office of the palace, and Puyang Xing was in charge of military affairs. Sun Xiu concentrated on classical books, planning to read through the writings of various families, especially liked to shoot pheasants, often in the morning and night between spring and summer, only this time to put down the books. Sun Xiu wanted to discuss the theory and techniques of learning with Dr. Wei Yao and Dr. Sheng Chong, who had always been upright, and Zhang Bu was afraid that after they entered the emperor, they would expose their own mistakes so that they could not act arbitrarily. Therefore, he made clever remarks in front of Sun Xiu to prevent Sun Xiu from getting close to Wei and Sheng. Sun Xiu replied: "The widow dabbles in learning, browses all kinds of books, and reads a lot of things. I know everything about the successes and failures of the wise lords, the traitors and thieves, the ancient and the modern sages. Now that Wei Yao and the others had entered the Inner Palace, they just wanted them to discuss and explain the books with me, not that I would study from the beginning on Wei Yao and the others. Even if you learn from scratch with them, what is there to lose? You are just worried that Wei Yao and others will say treacherous and evil things about your subordinates, so you don't want them to enter the palace. Such a thing, the widow had already taken precautions for himself, and did not need Wei Yao and others to know it after he said it. There's nothing to do with that, you just have some scruples in your heart. When Zhang Bu obtained this edict, he apologized to Sun Xiu and changed his tone of voice, saying that he was worried that Sun Xiu's reading and discussion would hinder political affairs. Sun Xiu replied: "Books are a thing, I am afraid that people will not love it, and there is no harm in liking to read." It doesn't matter if it's not, and you think it shouldn't be because the few people have hobbies. Government affairs and academics are different and do not interfere with each other. It is really not advisable to think that you are now an official and exercise restraint on me in this regard. Zhang Bu offered the table and prostrated his head to plead guilty. Sun Xiu replied, "If you just enlighten each other, how can you get to the point of prostrating your head and apologizing?" Like your loyalty, you know it from near and far. I am grateful for the past, and that is what makes you so prominent today. The Book of Verses says, 'There is no beginning, and there is no result.' 'It's hard to end well, I hope you will die well.' At first, when Sun Xiu was king, Zhang Bu was the governor of his side, and he was always trusted and loved by him. When Sun Xiu ascended the throne, he was generous to Zhang Bu, so Zhang Bu was good at the power of the imperial court, did many rude things, worried about his shortcomings and mistakes, and was afraid of being said by Wei Yao and Sheng Chong, so he was particularly worried and taboo. Although Sun Xiu understood the intentions in it, he was not happy about it in his heart, and he was even more worried that Zhang Bu would change due to doubt and fear, so he actually abolished his own action of discussing learning on Zhang Bu's meaning, and no longer let Sheng Chong and others enter the palace. In that year, Sun Xiu sent a cha zhan officer to Jiaotong to recruit Kong Jue and big pig.
pass away
In the summer of April of 263 (the sixth year of Yong'an), Quanling rumored the appearance of the Yellow Dragon. In May, Lü Xing, an official of Jiaolan County, plotted a rebellion and killed Taishou Sun Chen. Sun Chen originally recruited more than a thousand craftsmen in the county to send to Jianye. After the cha zhan guan arrived at Jiaolan, the people were worried about being recruited again, so Lü Xing and others used this to incite soldiers and people and lure various ethnic tribes to rebel. In the winter of October, the State of Shu informed the State of Wu because the State of Wei was going to conquer it. On the 21st, the small stone town of Jianye caught fire, burning the buildings within 180 meters of the southwest. On the twenty-second day, Sun Xiu sent the general Ding Fengdu to lead the various armies to advance towards the Wei state of Shouchun, the general Liu Ping went to Nan Commandery to see Shi Ji and discuss the direction of the advance, and the generals Ding Feng and Sun Yi went to Chuzhong to rescue the Shu state. The Shu lord Liu Chan surrendered to the State of Wei, and after the news came, he stopped the rescue operation. Lü Xing killed Sun Chen and sent emissaries to the State of Wei to request that he be appointed as Taishou and the leader of the army. The chancellor Pu Yangxing suggested that 10,000 people in Tuntian be selected as an army. The division of Wuling County was placed in Tianmen County.
In the spring of 264 (the seventh year of Yong'an), Sun Xiu pardoned the whole country.
In February, the Zhenjun generals Lu Kang, the Fujun general Bu Xie, the Zhengxi general Liu Ping, and the Jianping Taishou Shengman led an army to besiege luo Xian, the general of the Shu state of Badong. In April, the Wei general Wang Zhi ,across the sea to attack Juzhang, plundering more than 200 officials, goods, and men and women. The general Sun Yue intercepted a ship and got thirty people. In the autumn and July, the pirates attacked Haiyan and killed Luo Xiu, a lieutenant of siyan. Sun Xiu sent Liu Chuan, the Zhongshu Lang, to Luling. Zhang Jie and others from Yuzhang County rebelled, gathering more than 10,000 people. The State of Wei sent the general Hu Lie to lead 20,000 infantry and cavalry to invade Xiling to save the siege of Luo Xian, and Lu Kang and others led the army to return. The State of Wu then divided the prefectures to set up Guangzhou. On the twenty-fourth day, the whole country was again pardoned. On the twenty-fifth day, Sun Xiu died at the age of Chinese New Year's Eve, and his posthumous title was "Emperor Jing".
For political initiatives
politics
During his reign, Sun Xiu, together with the chancellor Zhang Bu and the famous general Ding Feng, destroyed the Sun Qiao clique, which had been specialized in imperial politics for many years, and regained imperial power. However, due to excessive trust in Zhang Bu and Puyang Xing in the later period, the two rights fell to the opposition.
military
In terms of Sun Xiu's martial arts, the Book of Wu records that he had sent a five-way army to rescue Shu, but before he arrived, Liu Chan had already surrendered. The Book of Jin records that Wu Wenshu was defeated, and sent the general Sheng Xian to the west, entrusting the rescue from the outside, and wanting to attack the Xian from the inside.
culture
During Sun Xiu's reign, he attached great importance to education and Nongsang. Dr. Zeng Li Wujing selected the talents to be selected.
Character evaluation
Chen Shou: "Hugh loves Su En with the old, appoints Xing and Bu, can't pull in good talents, changes his ways and changes his ways, although he is good at learning, how can he help save the chaos?" And let the light of the ruin not die, and the righteousness of friendship is thin. ”
Pan Yueming plays Sun Xiu
Lu Ji: "Emperor Jing, Emperor Jing, who has revised the Constitution, has no great gap in politics, and is also a good lord who keeps the text." ”
Wang Yinglin: "Sun Xiu's dispatch of Li Heng has the degree of Emperor Han Gao; He befriended Sun Lin, had the judgment of his uncle Sun Zhaozi, and Wu Zhixian Junye.