These 1 kinds of fertilizer are very powerful, promote bayberry expansion and rapid, good fruit shape, high sweetness, and the commodity fruit rate is as high as 90%
Bayberry is a rare fruit unique to the south of China, the fruit color is beautiful, slightly sour and sweet, rich in nutrition, suitable for all ages, especially the fruit, fresh taste, color varieties, deeply loved by the market and consumers, and bayberry tree is strong, easy to cultivate, long economic life, production cost is obviously lower than other fruits, therefore, is known as "cash cow".
Zhejiang Province is China's most concentrated bayberry production area, with water chestnut species, Dongkui, Ding Ao mei and late rice bayberry and other four national good species, area yield has been in the country's dominant position, in addition to Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, Guangxi, Jiangsu is also the main bayberry production area.
At present, the bayberry is in the flowering period - young fruit stage, recently many fruit farmers consulted, is there any way to make the bayberry expand fast, high sweetness, good coloring?
Today, I would like to share with you 3 small tips for high yield and high quality of bayberry, that is, thinning branches and flowers, formula fertilization, integrated pest control, which can promote bayberry expansion and rapid growth, good fruit shape, improve soluble solids content, single fruit weight, hardness, high-quality fruit rate greatly improved, and the commodity fruit rate reached 90%.
<h1 class= "article-title" >1, sparse branches, thin flowers, thin fruit</h1>
The first time is to thin the branches: in April, depending on the number of flowers of the Dongkui bayberry, the upright branches outside the canopy are removed from the base, and the principle of "two three to one, four five to two six, seven to three" is mastered.
The second time is fruit thinning: it is best to carry out before the end of the first physiological fruit fall of the fruit - the rapid expansion of the fruit, and Zhejiang generally completes it in early May.
During the period of 5-6 months, artificial methods were used to thin the fruit 3 times, and the first time was 1-30 days after flowering, and the dense fruit, small fruit and inferior fruit were removed; The second time, 30-60 days after flowering, remove small fruits and inferior fruits; the third time, 60 days after flowering- before the fruit changes color, leave 1-2 fruits per fruit branch.
Artificial fruit thinning method is used, that is, when the proportion of fruiting branches exceeds 60%, only 1-2 fruits on 1 fruit branch are usually left in 2 fruiting branches; Or 3 leaves 1-2 fruits on each of the 2 fruit branches; when the fruit branch ratio is 40%-60%, usually 1-2 fruits on 2 fruit branches in 3 leaves; when the fruit branch ratio is less than 40%, leave 1-2 fruits in 1 fruit branch.
Timely thinning of flowers and fruits can significantly improve the quality of bayberry fruits, reduce the number of fruit fallen before harvest and the rate of mildew rot. The upper part of the canopy should be pruned "to the strong and left the weak", and the lower part of the canopy should be "removed from the weak and left strong" pruning. For normal fruiting trees that have been reshaped, as long as the branches and leaves of diseased insects, dead branches, weak branches, cross branches, dense branches, overlapping branches and mop branches are removed, the rest of the branches and leaves are retained as much as possible to facilitate the absorption of photosynthetic nutrients.
<h1 class = "article-title" >2, formula fertilization, spray foliar fertilizer</h1>
Partial application of nitrogen fertilizer will cause the tree body to grow, bayberry does not bear fruit or easy to fall flowers and fruits; if the phosphorus fertilizer is applied too much, it will cause too many results, and some fruits will become deformed, stiff, cracked small fruits, sour taste, poor coloring, delayed maturity, and loss of commodity value.
Bayberry production areas mainly lack calcium, boron, potassium fertilizer application, resulting in bayberry pre-harvest fruit rot, fruit fall, low quality, so must be balanced fertilization, especially calcium, boron and other trace elements of the application, the yield and quality is crucial.
2.1 Characteristics of bayberry fruit growth
The fruit development of bayberry shows a double "S-shaped" curve change.
In the bayberry fruit hard core after 0-7 days, the young fruit develops rapidly, the longitudinal diameter, horizontal diameter increase significantly, during this period to ensure the supply of nutrients, is the best period for calcium supplementation, calcium boron together to supplement.
After 7-14 days after the hard core of the fruit, the longitudinal diameter of the fruit grows relatively slowly, the horizontal diameter grows more rapidly, and the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the tree body should be improved during this period to meet the needs of fruit development, and at the same time, fruit thinning measures can be taken to improve the leaf-fruit ratio, supplement calcium, boron, and promote the enlargement of young fruits.
In the hard core after 14-28 days of fruit diameter growth are very obvious, fruit growth peak, this period to strengthen fertilizer, water management, spray calcium, boron, potassium dihydrogen phosphate to promote rapid expansion of fruit, laying the foundation for the production of high-quality large fruits.
2.2 Reasonable fertilization
After the arbutus tree body sets fruit, 15 kg of calcium superphosphate and 20 kg of potassium sulfate can be applied per mu, and attention can be paid to the rapid decomposition of fertilization after rain.
Focus on the application of foliar fertilizers.
Fluid calcium magnesium: Calcium plays an important role in the formation and maintenance of fruit quality, and the amount of calcium content of fruit has an important impact on the formation of fruit quality and postharvest storage and transportation. Calcium is poorly moved in the plant, resulting in a large amount of calcium present in the leaves, and there is very little in the fruit, so the fruit is very prone to symptoms of calcium deficiency. Starting from the young fruit stage (near the hardcore stage), foliar spraying, spraying once every 10-15 days, can promote the expansion of bayberry fruit, increase the sugar-acid ratio of fruit, and improve the yield and quality of bayberry.
Fluid boron: Spring shoot extraction time is usually the young fruit stage after the flower, spring shoot germination leads to a large number of fruit fall, boron has the effect of fruit preservation, improve fruit set rate; boron can promote fruit enlargement, increase the sweetness of juice, improve the quality of bayberry; in addition, the autumn shoot extraction period is usually carried out after the beginning of summer bud differentiation, generally due to the withdrawal of autumn shoots, the flower buds on the summer shoots appear to shrink, resulting in the next year's arbutus tree figs or poor fruit volume, boron promotes flower bud differentiation, significantly reducing the phenomenon of bayberry fruit size year, Sprayed with paclobutrazol, control the shoots and promote flower buds;
Together, calcium and boron can promote fruit sugar metabolism and promote fruit expansion; the sweetness of fruit is proportional to calcium content. Calcium can effectively reduce the content of titration acid in the fruit and improve sweetness. In addition, the arbutus fruit is soft and juicy, the outer fruit peel is very thin, the columnar protrusions are vulnerable, the post-harvest breathing is strong, so it is extremely intolerant to storage and transportation, calcium can enhance the hardness of the fruit, reduce the release of ethylene after harvesting, improve the storage and transportation resistance of bayberry; magnesium is to affect the synthesis of chlorophyll, affect photosynthesis, and the strength of photosynthesis directly affects the amount of photosynthetic products, determining the yield of the fruit.
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【Shang Mei Nong】Fluid Calcium magnesium, 300g/1000g, rapid calcium supplementation anti-bending melon cracking fruit ¥160 purchase
It is recommended that in the young fruit stage of bayberry (mung bean size), expansion stage, coloring stage, with 20 ml of fluid boron + 20 ml of fluid calcium and magnesium, sprayed with 20 kg of water, can promote the fruit is large, sweet and good quality.
【Shang UY Nong】 fluid boron, 200 g / bottle, hit 10 acres of land, 10 bottles starting from ¥165 to buy
<h1 class="article-title" >3</h1>
disease control:
Brown spot disease: in early May and after harvest spray 1 spray each fungicide control. The agent can choose 80% methyl tolbuzin 600 to 800 times liquid or 75% bacillus clear wettable powder 600 times liquid.
Onion disease: mainly based on comprehensive prevention and control measures, strengthen breeding management, cultivate moderate tree potential, and spray 70% methyl tolbuzin 800 times liquid plus 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once a time.
Akatsuki disease: In the peak period of April to May, first brush the spots on the branches with a brush, and then use 80% daisen manganese zinc wettable powder (Daisheng or Pinrun) 600 times liquid, or Baume 2 ° ~ 3 ° stone sulfur mixture, or 3% Bordeaux slurry, and then apply or spray once every 20 days.
Cancer disease: after pruning the diseased branch or scraping the tumor, apply 402 antibacterial agent 50 times or copper sulfate 100 times liquid. Spray 1:2:200 Bordeaux liquid, or 80% methyl tolbuzin 600 to 800 times after harvesting.
Pest control:
Leaf curl moths: Bayberry moths and dead leaf moths are mainly harmful to new shoots and young leaves, and the initial infestation of larvae can be controlled by 40% nicotinoid sulfate 800~1000 times liquid or 1% matrine alcohol 500~700 times liquid. From mid-May to mid-June, black light or sweet and sour solutions are used to trap and kill, or parasitic wasps are used to parasitize or prey on larvae such as praying mantises, ladybirds, grasshoppers, and insectivorous bugs.
Bugs: The first generation of nymphs hatches are at the peak of fruit expansion, and if control is required, 99% green ying 400 times liquid plus 25% prax 1500 times liquid can be used.
Termites: 2.5% Uranus emulsion 600 times liquid plus 1% brown sugar liquid can be used to mix soil poisoning.
Fruit flies: around mid-May, spray 1000 times the 50% octylthion emulsion or 2000 times the liquid of the fly amine on the ground; use fly trap paper to lure fruit flies at the ripening stage of bayberry; or use bananas, honey, vinegar, and enemy insects to mix into poisonous bait in the ratio of 10:6:3:10 for booby traps;