Abstract: Millet, also known as millet, belongs to a kind of grain and grass crop of the grass family, which has a strong tolerance to drought and barrenness, so it has a wide range of adaptability. Millet is millet after peeling, millet is not only nutritious, but also easy to digest, in recent years, with the increasing demand for healthy food, more and more people choose millet porridge and millet as food, making the demand for millet continue to increase. At present, the domestic and foreign markets pay more and more attention to green food, in order to make millet into green food, it must be cultivated in strict accordance with the requirements of green food to ensure its high quality, safety and no pollution. Combined with my many years of work experience, the author introduces the cultivation technology of green food millet as follows.
In the actual cultivation process, it is necessary to ensure that the production environment is good, and there are no sources of industrial pollution around the production environment, especially at the upper wind outlet. It is necessary to ensure that the atmosphere, soil and irrigation water in the cultivation process meet the relevant standards of green food.
1. Choose a good seed. First of all, it is necessary to choose varieties with strong stress resistance and high yield and high quality. It should be ensured that the selected varieties have been approved and promoted by specialized agencies.
2. Take turns to stubble. Millet is a crop that is more sensitive to stubble. Millet stubble, in smut disease, white disease and drill heartworm various diseases and insect pests will increase the probability of occurrence, at the same time, because of the large number of weeds is difficult to protect seedlings, due to the shallow root system is very prone to early wilt phenomenon, resulting in a significant increase in the number of grain, and then the yield and quality of millet are affected. Millet is usually rotated every 3 to 4 years, and it is best to choose beans as the stubble crop of millet, potatoes, cotton, sorghum, corn can also be.
3. Fine land preparation. After the autumn harvest, it is necessary to immediately combine the application of organic fertilizer for ploughing and harrowing pressure, and control the ploughing depth at 17 to 20cm, if the soil is clay or loam, it is necessary to increase the ploughing depth appropriately, and it needs to be rake immediately after turning.
4. Increase the application of manure. Although millet has a strong tolerance to barrenness, it is also a crop that prefers fertilizer and water, and has a more sensitive response to fertilizer. If it is aa grade green food, it is strictly forbidden to apply any chemical fertilizer, if it is a grade A green food, it is necessary to limit the application of chemical synthetic fertilizer, and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer must not be used. Green food special fertilizers, manure, biogas fertilizer, straw fertilizer and other organic fertilizers should be applied as much as possible. The amount of fertilizer should be determined in combination with the variety and soil fertility status, and the amount of decomposed organic fertilizer is usually about 45000~60000kg/hm2. If there is a deficiency of phosphorus, potassium and other elements in the soil, 300~450kg/hm2 phosphorus and potassium fertilizer or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 150~300kg/hm2 potassium sulfate and 75kg/hm2 urea can be applied to grade A green food.
5. Seed treatment
(1) Selection of seeds. Seeds are selected by dustpan or windmill, or by screening by sieve, and the seeds are eliminated from the seeds. Ensure that the selected seed clarity can reach 98%.
(2) Seed sterilization. In the week before sowing, choose sunny weather and leave the seeds in the sun for 2 to 3 days. If there are pathogenic spores on the surface of the seeds, the seeds can be soaked in an indoor room with a temperature of 55 to 57 ° C for 10 min, or soaked in lime water for 1 h. This allows for the sterilization and disinfection of the seeds, resulting in higher germination rates and germination potentials.
1. Sowing period. Seeds are usually sown around the valley rains and from the end of April to the beginning of May. In the sowing process, it must be ensured that the ground temperature exceeds 9 °C, and the soil moisture content is in the range of 17% to 20%.
2. Sowing method. In the sowing process, the sowing amount is generally controlled at 15~22kg/hm2. The sowing depth needs to be controlled at 4 to 5 cm, and the soil is 3 to 4 cm after sowing. In the process of trenching and soil covering, it is necessary to ensure uniform consistency and carry out filling and pressing work in a timely manner.
1. Seedling density. The seedling density is determined by combining the variety, sowing period and soil fertility. Usually, it is necessary to retain 380,000 to 600,000 seedlings/hm2.
2. Inter-seedling and fixed seedling. Generally, intermediate seedlings are carried out in the three-leaf stage and fixed seedlings are carried out at the five-leaf stage. If there is a serious lack of seedlings in the plot, it is necessary to supplement the seedlings and load the seedlings, and it is generally the easiest to survive when planting seedlings at 4 to 5 leaves.
3. Cultivate and weed. Weeding is best carried out in combination with medium tillage at the seedling stage, jointing stage and gestational ear stage. If the plant is aa grade green food, it is strictly forbidden to use any chemical herbicides during cultivation; If it is a grade A green food, after sowing to before seedling emergence, 750g and 50% of the grass can be mixed with 450l of water and evenly sprayed in the soil per hectare.
4. Scientific fertilization. In the process of topdressing millet, on the one hand, it is necessary to fully consider the soil fertility and actual seedling conditions, on the other hand, it is necessary to strictly follow the relevant use standards of green food to ensure that the topdressing work is carried out scientifically and reasonably. If there is less fertilizer in the plot and the seedling situation is weak, after the completion of the seedling fixing work, 75~120kg/hm2 of urea can be applied to grade A green food. Under normal circumstances, if the amount of topdressing is large, it can be topdressed at the jointing stage and the pregnant panicle stage, and the jointing fertilizer can be re-applied, and urea of 225~375kg/hm2 is applied lightly, and urea of 150~225kg/hm2 can be applied lightly. If the amount of topdressing does not exceed 225kg/hm2, a topdressing can be performed before the gestational spike after jointing. If it is aa grade green food, it is necessary to combine the soil force and seedling conditions, and properly apply decomposed human manure and urine or fermented biogas fertilizer and green food special fertilizer.
5. Irrigation and drainage. During the gestational ear stage, the water demand for millet is large, and irrigation must be carried out in time in the event of drought. During the flowering period, millet should avoid rain and waterlogging, so it is necessary to carry out drainage and flood removal work in a timely manner.
6. Pest control. In the process of millet cultivation, the more common diseases are smut disease, white disease, leaf rust and grain blast. In order to effectively control these diseases, we must first ensure that the selected disease-resistant varieties are selected, increase organic fertilizer in the actual cultivation process, do a good job in field management, and remove the weeds in the field as soon as the diseased plants appear in the field.
The more common insect pests of millet are mainly millet borer, corn borer, armyworm and locust. In the specific prevention and control process, it is necessary to strictly follow the requirements of the relevant standards of green food, as far as possible to take agronomic measures such as selecting disease-resistant varieties, doing a good job in cultivating and weeding, deep ploughing soil in autumn and dealing with overwintering hosts, physical control measures such as artificial hunting, color and light booby-trapping, mechanical hunting, and biological control measures such as the release of red-eyed bees. If it is aa-grade green food, it is strictly forbidden to use any chemical pesticides, and if it is a class A green food, it can be limited to the use of high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides. In the process of pesticide use, it should be noted that for grain borer, 80% of dichlorvos emulsion 500 to 800 times liquid can be used for root irrigation; For corn borer, 500ml, 50% octyl sulfate emulsion can be mixed into 100~125kg of sand to make poisonous sand, and the amount of poisonous sand can be controlled at 150kg/hm2; For armyworms and locusts, 1500 g, 80% of the dichlorvos emulsion can be diluted 1000 times and then sprayed into 1 hectare of field.
Millet is usually harvested before the autumnal equinox after the dew. After harvesting, the millet is dried in time to prevent mold and ensure the quality of the millet.
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