I am Tang Di, a history buff. Welcome everyone [attention] I, let's talk about the past and the present, and discuss the general trend of the world. Gentleman I, just to learn and make friends!
Taiwan is an inalienable and sacred territory of China. In ancient times, Taiwan was originally connected with the mainland as part of the mainland, but later due to the movement of the earth's crust, the connected part of the land sank into the strait, and Taiwan became an island.
From the large number of cultural relics excavated in Taiwan, it can be seen that Taiwan's prehistoric culture originated from the Chinese mainland and belonged to the same vein, and was moved into Taiwan from the southeastern part of the mainland at the end of the Paleolithic period about 10,000 years ago. According to the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, as early as 230, The Wu lord Sun Quan sent Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi to lead 10,000 sailors to cross the sea to Taiwan, which was a feat at that time.
In 607, the Sui Emperor sent Zhu Kuan and He Man to Liuqiu (present-day Taiwan) to visit; in 608, he ordered Zhu Kuan to comfort the local residents; in 610, Fu sent Chen Ling and Zhang Zhenzhou to lead an army of 10,000 people from Yi'an (present-day Chaozhou, Guangdong) to Liuqiu, and returned to Fujian after staying for a period.
During the Southern Song Dynasty, Penghu was placed under the jurisdiction of Jinjiang County, Quanzhou, Fujian, and the prefect of Quanzhou, Wang Dayu, sent soldiers and civilians to Tunshu. The Penghu Inspection Department of Yuanshi has jurisdiction over Taiwan and its islands, and is under the jurisdiction of Tong'an County, Quanzhou, Fujian. At that time, Penghu was known as "Quanzhou Waifu".
In 1431, Ming Zhenghe's seventh voyage to the West reached Taiwan. In 1563, the Ming government resumed the establishment of the Inspection Department in Penghu. In 1592, the Ming government added "guerrilla" and "Spring and Autumn Flood Guard" to Penghu, and at the same time stationed troops in Keelung and Tamsui Ergang. In 1617, the Ming government ordered Changshu Penghu and increased the number of stormtroopers to consolidate the sea frontier.
In 1662, the national hero Zheng successfully recovered Taiwan from Dutch colonists. In 1683, Shi Lang, the admiral of the Qing Fujian Water Division, led an army into Taiwan, and Taiwan was re-brought under the unified jurisdiction of the central government. The following year, in 1684, the Qing dynasty established 1 prefecture and 3 counties in Taiwan, which belonged to Fujian Province. In 1723, the Qing government added Changhua County and Tamsui Hall to Taiwan. In 1727, the Penghu Hall was added, and Taiwan was designated as the official unified name.
In 1812, the provincial government added the Karmalan Hall, which was placed in Wuwei (present-day Yilan City). In 1875, the provincial government added one prefecture and three counties, namely Taipei Prefecture and Tamsui County, Hsinchu County, and Yilan County, and set up the capital city in present-day Taipei City, changing the chicken coop to Keelung. In the eleventh year of Guangxu (1885), Taiwan was established as a province, and Liu Mingchuan was the first inspector. Liu Mingchuan said in his request to set up a Taiwan Province:
"Taiwan is the gateway to the seven southeastern provinces, and all countries covet it, and whenever there is a provocation, it is based on desire to do so."
There is no doubt that Taiwan is the territory of our country. However, in history, it has often become a region of snooping and contention for Japan, the Netherlands, Spain, Britain, France and even the United States, and the people of Taiwan, who have a tradition of anti-aggression, have fought tenaciously against the invaders and written a brilliant chapter in the fight against aggression and insults:
1. Resist harassment by the Wokou
As early as the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the Japanese Wokou sent troops to spy on Taiwan several times. In the forty-second year of Jiajing (1563), the Great Wukou invaded the area around the chicken coop (present-day Keelung, Taiwan), burned and plundered, and was resisted by the local residents. In the twentieth year of the Wanli Dynasty (1592), the Wokou once again invaded the chicken coop and fresh water, and the People of the Gaoshan Tribe were forced to "take refuge behind the mountain", and later under the counterattack of the Taiwanese military and civilians, the Wokou were defeated and retreated. At the same time, Japan's Toyotomi Hideyoshi launched a war of aggression against Korea, and the Ming Dynasty sent troops to aid, and at the same time increased guerrilla attacks in Taiwan and Penghu, and guarded the spring and winter floods to increase their strength.
The following year, Toyotomi Hideyoshi sent an envoy to the Taiwanese Takayama clan in an attempt to induce the Takayama clan to pay tribute, but was refused. In the twenty-sixth year of the Wanli Calendar, Japan entered the era of the "shogunate" and intensified its coveting of Taiwan. On the eighth day of the first month of December in the 30th year of the Wanli Calendar, the Wokou invaded Taiwan, and the Ming sent general Shen Yourong to lead a division to suppress it. The Ming army suddenly landed from the large number, and the Wokou rushed to battle. The Ming generals fought to the death, and all of them were killed, and the thieves were defeated and threw themselves into the sea. Although Wokou suffered such a heavy blow, the thief's heart did not change, and he repeatedly violated Taiwan in the thirty-second year of the Wanli Calendar, the thirty-seventh year of the Wanli Calendar, the forty-fourth year of the Wanli Calendar, and the sixth year of Chongzhen, but all of them were met with a head-on blow from the Taiwanese military and people and suffered a crushing defeat.
2. Resist dutch and Spanish invasions
In the thirty-second year of the Wanli Calendar (1604), the Dutch colonists known as the "coachmen of the sea" invaded Penghu for the first time under the leadership of Admiral Wei Malang, and the Ming sent Shen Yourong to lead 50 warships to drive away the Dutch. In the second year of the Apocalypse (1622), Dutch colonists, led by Admiral Reilsun, invaded Penghu again, plundering the population and robbing merchant ships.
The Ming Dynasty's Fujian Governor Nanjuyi sent the general Yu Zhigao to lead troops to attack Penghu, and then sent the garrison Wang Mengxiong to lead an army of 10,000 people and 200 warships to Penghu, and in the fourth year of the Apocalypse (1624), gao Wenlu and 12 other people were captured to retake Penghu. The Dutch remnant of 2,400 people fled into Taiwan, occupied the tainan area, and successively built the city of Zeelandia and the city of Chikan, which were at each other's horns and colonized Taiwan.
In the sixth year of the Apocalypse (1626), Spanish colonists led 12 sailing ships from Luzon to invade and occupy the port of Jilong, and then built a castle in Huwei (present-day Tamsui), stationed troops, and colonized. Two colonial bandits, Spain and the Netherlands, clashed in Taiwan. In the fifteenth year of Chongzhen (1642), the two sides clashed again in Tamsui, the Spaniards were defeated and forced to withdraw from Taiwan, and the northern part of Taiwan fell into the clutches of dutch colonists.
During the 38 years of colonial rule over Taiwan by the Dutch colonists, the people of Taiwan were indomitable and constantly resisted.
In the ninth year of Shunzhi (1625), the Guo Huaiyi Uprising in Anping was the largest anti-Dutch uprising in Taiwan, and the uprising team quickly grew to more than 16,000 people in just a few days, dealing a heavy blow to the Dutch colonists.
In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi (1661), Zheng Chenggong led an army of more than 25,000 people, divided into about 200 ships, sent troops from Kinmen Zhiluo Bay, marched into Taiwan, and landed at The Port of Heliao in Luermen. The Red Castle Keeper surrendered to Cat, but the colonial leader Watoichi remained at the city of Zeelandia.
Zheng Chenggong used the ring mountain column to trap him, cut off the city's water supply, and solemnly pointed out:
"Taiwan, the land of China." For a long time, your country has been in your country, and now that you have come to ask for it, the land will belong to me. ”
The following year, as soon as it surrendered, Taiwan finally ended the 38 years of criminal rule of the Dutch colonists and returned to the embrace of the motherland. After Zheng successfully expelled the Dutch colonists, he called Taiwan the eastern capital, set up a prefecture (Chengtianfu, present-day Tainan City) and two counties (Tianxing, Wannian, that is, present-day Chiayi, Fengshan), and set up a pacification department in Penghu.
3. Repel the British invasion
During the Opium War, the British invaders invaded Keelung, Da'an Port, Langya, Tamsui and other places in Taiwan five times, and the local people organized a volunteer team of more than 47,100 people, cooperating with the Qing army, and heroically repelled the frequent attacks of the British invaders. In 1840, the Opium War broke out, and the soldiers and people of Taiwan witnessed the British warships often peeping in and out of Taiwan's foreign countries, that is, preparing for war against the British, and the Taiwan compatriots hated the enemy, donated funds and contributed, and went to the country together. In order to build the fort, Tamsui Gongsheng Lin Zhanmei donated 10,000 yuan alone.
In 1841, British ships bombarded the Sanshawan Fort, and the militia and officers and men heroically returned fire, killing and capturing nearly 200 enemy soldiers. Another example is that in 1842, the British ships attacked Da'an Port, the local fishermen lured them stranded, so that the Yi people fell into the water, the militia group and officers and soldiers coordinated to fight, killed 1 Baiyi, dozens of Red and Black Yi, 18 Baiyi, 1 Hongyi, 30 Heiyi, captured 10 Yi cannons, 5 shotguns, 10 waist knives, and captured the enemy captain.
When Yao Ying was a soldier in Taiwan, he wrote:
"The armored men of Taiwan, the unremitting people of Deng, the righteous people, the salty people who are eager to kill the enemy ... Those who have to guard the rock frontier, and those who are in danger and gain safety, and those who do not bother with the inland soldiers and arrows, all rely on the strength of the Wen warriors.
In the process of signing the "Treaty of Nanking," the British threatened to kill prisoners in Taiwan, and Qi Ying went so far as to order Yao Ying and Taiwan's chief soldier Dahong A to be dismissed from their posts in Beijing for trial. When the court decree reached Taiwan, the people aroused indignation and "held incense sticks" and surrounded the government office. Since then, the Taiwan compatriots have maintained a high degree of vigilance against the British aggressors. For example, in 1850, the Chinese side refused the request of Wen Han, the British minister in China and the governor of Hong Kong, to purchase chicken coop coal. In order to prevent the British from attacking, the Taiwan compatriots straightened out their defenses, installed additional artillery, and signed the Convention, forcing the British to abandon the offensive.
4. Crush the French ship attack
When the Sino-French War broke out in 1884, the French invaders sent warships to cruise the waters of Taiwan and spy on Taiwan. On 4 August, the deputy commander of the French Far East Fleet, Les, invaded Keelung with three warships, threatening the Chinese defenders to hand over their fortifications within 24 hours. On August 5, French ships bombarded a Chinese battery. Under the command of Liu Mingchuan, Minister of Taiwan Affairs, our Keelung garrison rose up to fight back, killing and wounding more than 200 enemy soldiers. In late August, the three French ships approached Keelung again, seeking opportunities to provoke, hanging flags and fighting, and arrogant. The Qing army returned fire with artillery, repeatedly hit the enemy ships, and the French suffered heavy casualties, so they had to retreat outside the berth.
In early October, the French admiral Gu Pull led 5 ships and 3,000 troops such as the "Orza" to invade Keelung, and then used three ships to spy on the fresh water, in an attempt to induce our army to disperse its forces, and then break through each one. The situation is critical. At that time, Liu Mingchuan, who was supervising Taiwan's military affairs, sent his general sun Kaihua to guard the Huwei Fort, suddenly ambushed the enemy, beheaded hundreds of enemies, and the cries were tremendous, and the number of people who died in the sea could not be counted, and 4 sampans were sunk. Taiwan Neishan Zhang Licheng led a crowd of 500 people to ambush the enemy, killed 400 enemy, beheaded the French Marine Commander Ark, cut off his head, inserted a gun, and entered the city with joy. The invaders lamented that the defeat "had frustrated the whole fleet."
Even the leader of the French army, Gu Ba, had to admit: "This is the most uneconomical battle." In order to force the Taiwanese military and civilians to surrender, Gu Ba announced that he would impose a blockade on Taiwan from October 23 and exercise all the powers of the belligerents. At the same time, France also encouraged Japan to declare war on China as well. In the face of the Blockade of the French ships, Liu Ming sent a telegram asking Li Hongzhang to send the Beiyang Fleet to relieve the siege, but Li Hongzhang did not move. The people on the mainland hate Li Hongzhang for not being saved in the face of death, and constantly risk his life to break through the blockade of the French ships and deliver supplies to Taiwan. With the solidarity of the people of the whole country, the Taiwan military and people strictly guarded Freshwater, repelled the French troops who had invaded Taipei from Keelung several times, and saved Taipei.
5, Defiance Japan Wartable
The Treaty of Maguan, signed on April 17, 1895, which humiliated the country, ceded Taiwan and Penghu to Japan. When the news of the murder came out, the whole country was shocked, and the people of Taiwan issued a solemn oath that "I hope that everyone will die in battle and lose Taiwan, but will never give up to Taiwan," and have waged a struggle against taiwan with the Japanese and the Kosovars for more than 5 months.
On May 27, the main Japanese Guards Division set out from Nakashiro Bay in Okinawa and attacked Taiwan in two ways. On 29 May, a Japanese forced landing from Cape Three Sables. On June 1, another Japanese army captured Keelung. In mid-June, the Japanese attacked Hsinchu in two ways. Xu Jun, Liu Yongfu, Wu Tangxing, and Jiang Shaozu led the rebel army and the Qing army to meet the battle separately, after which the rebels bravely resisted the Japanese army in Dajiaxi, Taichung, Changhua, Baguashan, ZengWenxi, and Tainan.
From June to October 1895, after more than five months of fierce fighting, more than 100 battles, the Taiwanese military and civilians, who were not afraid of violence, fought against three modernized divisions and a naval fleet of Japan, killing and wounding 32,815 Japanese troops, accounting for more than half of the total number of Japanese troops invading Taiwan. In order to defend the sacred territory of the motherland, the military and people of Taiwan have written a page of song and tears.
Although the large-scale armed anti-cession struggle of the Taiwan compatriots failed, scattered guerrilla anti-Japanese armed activities surged throughout the island. At the end of November 1895, when the Japanese army declared that Taiwan was "pacified", Lin Licheng and Lin Dabei took the lead in revolting in Yilan. Then Jian Dashi in Jinbaoli, Chen Qiuju and Zhan Zhen in Wenshan and Xikou, Lu Zhenchun and Xu Shaowen in Shiding, and Hu Jiayou in Hsinchu, each with thousands of people. The armed forces of the people in various localities have successively established well-known anti-Japanese armed struggle bases in the deep mountains and steep mountainous areas of Taipei, such as Shenkeng, Yilan, Yunlin Tieguoshan, Chiayi, Fanzaishan and Fengshan on the border of Tainan, and Chaozhou in Pingtung, and have used guerrilla warfare to maneuver with the enemy and thwarted one "sweep" after another, persisting for seven years.
In the 50 years of Japanese colonial rule, the people of Taiwan have never stopped resisting the struggle, "three years a small chaos, five years a big chaos", the anti-Japanese beacon burned all over the island.
6. The covetousness of the United States for Taiwan
In the autumn of 1948, when a large number of Kuomintang military and political personnel poured into Taiwan, US Consul General in Taiwan Kerenz repeatedly warned the State Council that if the "chairman" and the main part of his government moved to Taiwan, they would certainly endanger Taiwan's "peace and security." He even considered the evacuation of U.S. personnel in the event of unrest. The US State Department also believes that once the "chairman" comes to Taiwan, it will bring chaos on the mainland, and in fact it will not be able to defend Taiwan. Stuart Redden also reminded the United States that in order to win the favor of the Taiwanese people, it must not show assistance to the Kuomintang government in relocating to Taiwan. Therefore, the practice of the United States at that time was to prevent Chiang Kai-shek from using Taiwan as his last base as much as possible.
The U.S. government has envisioned:
Directly occupying Taiwan in accordance with the terms of Japan's surrender, or negotiating with the Kuomintang government, giving the United States extraterritorial jurisdiction and base rights in Taiwan, but also believing that neither is appropriate; first, it is estimated that the Kuomintang will not agree, and that doing so will offend all Chinese and even lose the hearts and minds of the people in Asia; second, it is not what it wants to support the remnants of Chiang Kai-shek's regime in Taiwan.
So it was decided:
When the situation in China develops to a certain extent and we know what kind of ruling clique we are dealing with in Taiwan, the United States should try to strengthen and support a non-Communist local government. The Government should provide at least a minimum of decent governance. We should use our influence to prevent the further flow of mainland Chinese to Taiwan. The United States should also be careful to maintain contact with promising local leaders in Taiwan so that the Taiwan autonomy movement can one day be used in the interests of the United States.
On April 15, 1949, McDermott, press officer at the U.S. Department of State, made a statement stating:
"Taiwan's status is exactly the same as Sakhalin Island in wartime, and its final status will be determined by a peace treaty."
This is the first time that the US government has publicly thrown out the theory that Taiwan's status is inconclusive. Before that, it was only brewing in secret.
After the Kuomintang side learned of this intention of the United States, in March 1949, Wang Shijie, the former foreign minister who had just left office, delivered a public speech in Taiwan, in which he mentioned that Taiwan was a "recovery of lost land" and not a "military occupation zone", and China had absolute sovereignty over the island's internal and foreign affairs.
At the same time, Chiang Kai-shek expressed resolute opposition to the United States' attempt to hand over Taiwan to the United Nations or to exercise Taiwan independence. He said:
"The United States and Britain are afraid that I will not be able to stick to Taiwan... I will return it to the United States for management... On this issue, we are most worried about this issue, so we should firmly state to the United States that Yu will stick to Taiwan, ensure its territory, fulfill our national duty, and never hand it over to the allies. ”
While expressing Taiwan's resolute stand as a part of China's territory, Chiang Kai-shek also expressed that he would never give up control over Taiwan, which would serve as a foothold in the future. Taiwan's important position can also be seen from this!
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