Author: We invite the author Nanmen Taishou
In the second year of Emperor Chuping of Han (191), Sun Jian led his troops to attack Luoyang. After entering the city, Sun Jian ordered his soldiers to clean up the sanitation of the Nangong, Beigong, and Taimiao Temples, and then went to the Taigao to make sacrifices, and also sent some people and horses out of the city to sort out the destroyed Imperial Tombs of the Han Dynasty in the area of Mount Yaoshan north of Luoyang. Someone reported to Sun Jian that there was a Zhenguan well in the south of Luoyang City, and some people found that the mouth of the Great White Patio emitted a strange light from time to time, "but there are five colors of gas", everyone felt strange and did not dare to go to this well to fetch water. Sun Jian sent a bold man down into the well, and found a jade seal below, "Four inches in circumference, five dragons on the top of the button", this seal is missing a horn, and the front seal is 8 characters: "Ordered by heaven, that is, Shou Yongchang." ”
Sun Jian was overjoyed at first glance, because this was the "Jade Seal of the Chuanguo". According to legend, this jade seal is taken from the famous Heshi Bi, and the 8 characters on it were written by Li Si, the first minister of the Qin Dynasty, symbolizing the appointment of heaven and being a heavy weapon of the country. In the winter of 207 BC, Liu Bang led an army to Bashang, and Zi Bao, the son of Emperor Yingzheng of Qin Shi Huang, knelt and held this jade seal and offered it to Liu Bang. After the fall of Qin, the "Chuanguo Jade Seal" was attributed to Liu Han. Liu Bang cherished this jade seal very much, and has always worn it on his body, and has been passed down from generation to generation as a legitimate relic of the Great Unification. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang usurped power, Tianzi was young, and the "Chuanguo Jade Seal" was hidden in the Empress Dowager Changle Palace, and Wang Mang sent his younger brother Wang Shun to ask for it, which was angrily rebuked by the Empress. In a fit of rage, the empress dowager threw the jade seal on the ground and broke a horn. Later, Wang Mang ordered the craftsmen to repair it with gold. Wang Mang's soldiers were defeated and killed, and the "Chuanguo Jade Seal" passed into the hands of Liu Xiu, and began to be passed down from generation to generation.
When Emperor Xiandi of Han's father, Liu Hong, the Emperor of Hanling, died, the "Chuanguo Jade Seal" could not be found, and Dong Zhuo wanted to get it very much, so he sent people to look around, but he did not find it. It turned out that at that time, the eunuchs Zhang Rang, Duan Jue, and others abducted the Young Emperor Canghuang out of the palace, and there was chaos in the palace, and the person in charge of keeping the jade seal was anxious to throw it into this well. Now, the "Chuanguo Jade Seal" has reached sun jian's hands, and Sun Jian has kept it for safekeeping and later handed it over to his wife Wu to treasure. In the second year of Chuping (191), Sun Jianzhan died in Da Nang Mountain, outside Xiangyang, and Sun Jian's old army was annexed by Yuan Shu. Yuan Shu turned to Huainan and occupied Shouchun, and as his power gradually grew, born of the ambition of becoming emperor, he heard that the "Chuanguo Jade Seal" that Sun Jian had obtained in the Luoyang Imperial Palace was in the hands of Wu Shi, so he put Wu under house arrest and forced her to hand over the Jade Seal, and Wu Had no choice but to hand it over.
In the second year of Jian'an (197), Yuan Shu was proclaimed emperor in Shouchun, the founding number of Zhongshi, the gongqing, the southern and northern suburbs of the temple, and the "Chuanguo Jade Seal" became Yuan Shu's "National Seal". However, the "Chuanguo Jade Seal" did not bring good luck to Yuan Shu, and only by the fourth year of Jian'an (199), Yuan Shu was already cornered and finally trapped in Jiangting, south of Shouchun. Yuan Shu's aftermath was taken care of by his brother Yuan Yin, who was afraid of Cao Cao and did not dare to return to Shouchun, so he led Yuan Shu's clan Qu Feng Coffin and his family to attach himself to Liu Xun of Lujiang County, and Liu Xun was defeated by Sun Ce, and Yuan Shu's family was acquired by Sun Ce. However, the "Chuanguo Jade Seal" that Yuan Shu forced Wu to hand over could not be found.
It turned out that the "Chuanguo Jade Seal" was transferred to Xu Xuan's hand. Xu Xuan character Meng Yu. A native of Haixi, Guangling County, he was the son of the Liao general Xu Shu. Xu Xuan was erudite in his youth, opened the Gongfu, held the highest rank, and was later promoted to the history of Jingzhou. During her term of office, Empress Dong's nephew Zhang Zhong served as the Taishou of Nanyang County, and due to the situation and the corruption of the law, Empress Dong sent someone to deliver a message to Xu Xuan and let Xu Xuan take care of her nephew, and Xu Xuan said to him in awe: "As a subject of the country, he does not dare to listen to his fate." Empress Dong was furious, but she had no choice but to transfer Zhang Zhong to the position of Lieutenant Colonel. After Xu Zhong arrived in Jingzhou, he played Zhang Zhong's embezzlement of hundreds of millions of dollars in public funds when he was in office, and then played other official embezzlement cases, "The crime of requisitioning the case, the mighty wind is strong", Zhang Zhong was angry, colluded with the eunuchs, and fabricated the crime, and Xu Zhong was convicted.
After Emperor Xian of Han moved Xu Xu, because Xu Xuan was known for his prestige and won the hearts of the people, he was enlisted as a court lieutenant. Xu Xuan went to Xu County to take office, on the way was robbed by Yuan Shu, Yuan Shu was about to establish a pseudo-imperial court, needed people of prestige to decorate the façade for him, wanted to grant Xu Xuan the position of duke, Xu Xuan resolutely did not obey, said: "Gong Sheng, Bao Xuan, who is alone?" Keep it to death! Seeing that Xu Xuan really had the determination to die and Mingzhi, Yuan Shu did not dare to force it. How did Xu Xuan get the "Chuanguo Jade Seal"? The history books do not give an account. Xu Xuan later traveled to Xu County and presented the "Chuanguo Jade Seal", so that this thing that originally belonged to the Han Room was returned to the owner's hands. Xu Xuan served as a court lieutenant, and before performing his new duties, he returned all the seals of the imperial court official positions he had previously held to the relevant departments.
In the era of war and chaos, people are wandering around, and their lives are still in danger, how many people can seriously keep things like official seals and take them with them at any time? In the case that his personal safety was not guaranteed, Xu Xuan not only kept the "Chuanguo Jade Seal", but also kept several official seals that he had used before, and finally handed them over one by one according to the regulations of the system, which was called the most competent "seal keeper" in the Three Kingdoms era. Situ Zhao Wen sighed at this: "The king has suffered great hardships, and there is still this evil", Xu Xuan respectfully replied: "Xi Suwu is trapped in the Xiongnu, and does not line the seven-foot festival, so why is this square inch sealed?" ”
Then he said that Xu Xuan swore to die to protect this "National Jade Seal". After Cao Cao's death, Cao Pi succeeded him as the King of Wei, at this time, the calls for Han Wei Yidai were everywhere, and some people "persuaded Cao Pi to enter the table", and Emperor Xian of Han was helpless, so he came to the High Temple, first sacrificed the ancestors, and then sent the imperial master Zhang Yin to hold the festival, and went to Quli, where Cao Pi was located, to ask for the Zen throne. However, Cao Pi expressed his resignation, and Emperor Xiandi of Han again sent people to make a request, and Cao Pi resigned again. He went back and forth 3 times and was pushed back by Cao Pi 3 times. In the end, Cao Pi still agreed to Chan Rang's "request".
One day in October of the first year of Yankang (220), the Zen ceremony was held in the town of Fanyang near Xu County, where more than 400 people, including liu xie, cao pi the prince of Wei, and the duke of Wenwu, gathered in fanyang town, as well as envoys from Xiongnu, Shan Yu, Dongyi, Xirong, Nanman, and Beidi, as well as more than 100,000 soldiers, all of whom witnessed the arrival of a historical moment.
At the Zen ceremony, Liu Xie presented Cao Pi with the "Jade Seal of chuanguo", and Cao Pi paid homage to Emperor Xie Han and completed the main ceremony of the Han Wei Zen Dynasty. After that, the new emperor Cao Pi accepted the courtesy of his subjects and envoys, and Cao Pi sacrificed Heaven and Earth, Wuyue, and Sidu as the new emperor, changing the name of the country to Wei and the name of Huang Chu. Emperor Xian of Han was demoted to the title of Duke of Shanyang, and before leaving for the fiefdom, Cao Pi sent someone to ask for the empress's jade seal, and Emperor Xiandi of Han's empress Cao Jie and Cao Pi were brother and sister, but Cao Jie was very angry and did not give. After going back and forth many times, Cao Jie finally summoned the comers to personally reprimand him, and then "arrived at Xuanxia with the seal", and said with tears: "Heaven is not Zuo'er! After Cao Pi became a Han Dynasty, he ordered people to engrave the character "Great Wei By Han ChuanGuo Seal" on the shoulder of the "Chuanguo Jade Seal", indicating that he was not a "usurper of Han".
In the second year (265) of the Wei Shao Emperor Cao Yi Xianxi, Sima Yi's grandson Sima Yan followed suit and established the Jin Dynasty by way of Zen concessions, and the "Jade Seal of the ChuanGuo" was returned to the Jin Dynasty. In the fifth year of Jin Yongjia (311), former Zhao Emperor Liu Cong captured Sima Chi, the Emperor of Jinhuai, and the "Chuanguo Jade Seal" was returned to Former Zhao. 19 years later, emperor Shi Le of Later Zhao destroyed Former Zhao and obtained the "Chuanguo Jade Seal", and Shi Le added the four characters of "Mandate of Heaven Shi Clan" to the right side of the jade seal. After another 20 years, the "Chuanguo Jade Seal" passed into the hands of the Ran Wei regime, ran Wei begged the Eastern Jin Dynasty for help, and the "Chuanguo Seal" was deceived by the Eastern Jin generals and sent to Jiankang, and the "Chuanguo Jade Seal" returned to sima shi's hands.
During the Southern Dynasty, the "Chuanguo Jade Seal" went through the changes of the Song, Qi, Liang, Chen and other four dynasties, until the Unification of the Sui Dynasty, and the "Chuanguo Jade Seal" was included in the Sui Palace. In the fourteenth year of the Sui Dynasty (618), the Sui Emperor Yang Guang was killed at Jiangdu, and the Sui Emperor's empress Xiao Shi fled into the Northern Turks with the "Chuanguo Jade Seal". Tang Taizong Li Shimin had no "passing on the national jade seal", so he had to order people to carve several "jade seals" such as "destiny treasures" and "destiny treasures" to masturbate.
In the fourth year of Zhenguan (630), Li Shimin sent Li Jing to lead an army against the Turks, and Empress Xiao returned to the Central Plains and presented Li Shimin with the "Jade Seal of chuanguo", and Li Shimin was greatly pleased. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the world was in chaos, and in the fourth year of Tianyou (907), Zhu Quanzhong deposed the Tang Emperor, seized the "Chuanguo Jade Seal", and established the Later Liang regime. Sixteen years later, Li Cunxun destroyed Later Liang and established the Later Tang regime, and the "Chuanguo Jade Seal" returned to Later Tang.
In the third year of later Tang Qingtai (936), Li Congke, the last emperor of Later Tang, was forced by Shi Jingyao, and seeing that the general situation had gone, he took the "Chuanguo Jade Seal" with the empress dowager, empress, son, etc. to the Luoyang Xuanwu Tower and burned himself to death, and the "Chuanguo Jade Seal" has since disappeared. After the establishment of the Song Dynasty, the emperor also wanted to get the "Chuanguo Jade Seal" again, so he recruited from the world, and various places also contributed to the "Chuanguo Jade Seal" many times, which was later officially denied, and the whereabouts of the "Chuanguo Jade Seal" are still unknown.
Reference: Romance of the Three Kingdoms
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