The Hospital of Santa Croce de São Paulo, not far from the Sagrada Familia in Barcelona, is a gem of modernist architecture, and the presiding architect Dominique Montane is also a representative of modernism by the Spanish architect, whose works also include the Palau de la Musica catalana.
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This Hospital of Santa Croce, once a hospital dedicated to the poor, has now been turned into a museum. When it was built more than 100 years ago, the architect Dominique Montane designed the São Paulo Hospital to fight against the Barcelona government.
In the early 19th century, Barcelona's then largest hospital, the hospital, the hospital de santa creu, was severely overloaded and needed to be expanded. Limited by the surrounding environment, the Barcelona Municipality finally decided to rebuild a new one.
The original hostal de santa creu in the rabal division where the people of Baquista and disses gathered, similar to the lavapies of Madrid, is now transformed into the biblioteca de santa creu library.
The plan to build a new hospital has not been implemented for a long time, the main reason: lack of money!
In 1896, the banker Pau Gil died, and part of his estate was taken out to build a large modernist-style hospital dedicated to treating the poor, with many flowers and flowers, and also under the name of a very flower: hospital de la santa cruz y san pablo. (Hospital of Santa Croce saint-Paulo).
This is in line with the Barcelona government's desire to rebuild the hospital.
Who is best placed to preside over the construction of this large hospital, which is decorated with countless flowers and flowers to treat the poor?
Why didn't Gaudí be chosen to preside over the construction?
Gaudí was a new celebrity at the time!
Gaudí
In 1900, this genius architect from the small town of Rues gave the impression of being crazy. Moreover, the multi-millionaire eusebi güell, the owner of Park Güell, is particularly special and special to admire Gaudí, and praises Gaudí to the point of blind favoritism and admiration. Naturally, this will cause the envy of many architects, especially those small teams of architects who have the right to decide on municipal projects.
lluís domènech i montaner Louis Dominique Montane
However, in addition to Gaudí, Barcelona has a lot of gray and good architects!
Our male protagonist today, Montane, is a political activist with a very high exposure in newspapers, magazines and radio. Montane's castleillo de los tres dragones (Castle of the Three Dragons), built in 1887, and the Palacio ramón montaner, which he presided over in 1889, have allowed him to declare it out.
Castillo de los tres dragones (Three Dragon Castles) 1887. Although called the castle, it was actually the bar restaurant of the Spanish World Expo that year. The name of The Three Dragons is a tribute to the Catalan poet and playwright Frederic Soler (pen name: serafí pitarra).
castillo de los tres dragones
Palacio ramón Montaner Palace, 1889
In the end, the "Organizing Committee", which was responsible for the new construction of the entire São Paulo Hospital, designated Montane as the presiding architect.
(Photo: Iris)
Montane did not disappoint, and put many, many flowers, all kinds of flowers on the hospital. This style is inherited from another work of his contemporary: the palau de la música .palau de la música.
Montane's earliest idea was to build a complex of 48 separate buildings, in which an epic of the salvation of the saints is told. Each building is named after a saint, and on the gate of each building is a statue of the Virgin or Saint. Each sage happens to be the "auspicious god" who heals a disease. If the gate is for a male saint, a male sick number is placed, and if the statue at the gate is a saint or a virgin, a female sick number is placed.
The plan was so grandiose that only 27 were built. The male and female branches are also simplified to the right of the gate is the male patient number visit area, and the left side is the female patient number visit area.
This is not the biggest secret of St. Paul's Hospital.
The biggest secret lies in the orientation of St. Paul's Hospital.
Montane's tit-for-tat orientation design
According to the planning of Barcelona's urban area, the main urban area is based on octagonal squares as the urban layout, and the length, width and orientation of all buildings are designed according to the established specifications, and even Gaudí, who is crazy, is arranged in accordance with the established planning layout of the city when designing the Sagrada Familia.
But as a political activist and architect, Montane spent his life opposing the layout of the city. (Personal grudges and wild histories, Daimyo did not find relevant information.) For the time being, we can't break out any explosive material. ）
This boxy layout of the Barcelona urban area was decided by the Barcelona government in 1860. In order to expand the main city, the Barcelona government expanded Barcelona into an international metropolis like Paris or Washington, and opened a tender to invite Catalan architects and designers to provide solutions. In the end, a man named ildefonso cerdá won the bid.
ildefonso cerdá
This Mr. Ildefonso cerdá, in today's terms, was a civil engineer, a mathematician, a poet, but he was not an architect because he did not receive a titolo (degree) as an architect. He proposed to use the octagonal modular theory to expand the urban area of Barcelona, specifying the length of the four sides of the complex and cutting a 90-degree right angle into a 45-degree bevel.
This can not only make full use of urban space, but also improve the visibility and fluency of traffic and horse flow around the corner. This idea was endorsed by the barcelona city government at the time and became a defined abrasive for barcelona's urban expansion. Barcelona's main urban expansion plan, also known as plan cerdá.
A person without the title of architect wins the bid, which is a shameful thing for the architectural world. Since the implementation of the plan cerdá in 1860, the opposition of experts and scholars has not been interrupted, and some people have even dug up the stain that cerdá's ancestors were not Catalans to slander cerdá. Among the many objections, Montane is one of them.
Montane believes that such a dull design will lead to excessive urban winds, especially in neighborhoods near the sea, which will seriously affect the comfort of urban life. In protest at the Barcelona government's insistence on planning cerdá, Montane took a confrontational stance when he presided over the construction of the St. Paul's Hospital of the Holy Cross. Although the hospital's façade is in line with urban planning, all the buildings inside, and the pedestrian street where the gate extends, are like a pair of scissors, inserted into barcelona's well-organized urban planning.
Compared with the urban planning of Madrid, which is seven and eight vertical, the urban planning of Barcelona is indeed far-sighted for the modern city with huge traffic. Ildefonso cerdá, who proposed the octagonal theory, also became a pioneer in modern urban planning in Spain. Although Montane used such a large hospital project to take revenge on society, it did not prevent us from appreciating the countless flowers and flowers he left for future generations.
Da Miriam couldn't help but think, how big a girl's heart Montane must be to be able to hold so many flowers and flowers!
hospital of the Holy Cross and St. Paul
St. Paul's Hospital of The Holy Cross
Pay attention to the public number: Spanish occult art