At first, I felt that these two kings of the subjugated country who had surrendered should be regarded as difficult brothers and brothers, and then I thought that this was not right, the poor generation, Liu Chan could not do it, from Sun Shangxiang's side, Liu Bei should be Sun Hao's old uncle (we call Grandpa's sisters here as old sisters, and there is another saying in the northeast). That Sun Hao saw Liu Chan, if he was in a good mood and polite, he had to call his cousin. So these two are actually difficult uncles and nephews, and it can be imagined that it will be very embarrassing if they meet. I also imagined that Sima Zhao might make such a prank if he lived, and he would look at a joke, but unfortunately he died in 265 AD. Of course, this uncle and nephew could not meet at all, Liu Chan was also "xue" in 271, and Sun Hao was plagued in Eastern Wu for nearly ten years, and only came to Luoyang in 280 with a white flag. At that time, the yin and yang were different, and the trees on Liu Chan's grave had grown so tall.
Some high-ranking people summed it up well: Liu Chan is inactive, Sun Hao is chaotic; Liu Chan is dim and not violent, and Sun Hao is violent but not faint. They have all buried the great rivers and mountains pioneered by their ancestors, but they are also the kings of the subjugated country and the same surrender faction, and the treatment and outcome of these uncles and nephews are still very different.
In 263, the Wei general Sima Zhao sent Zhong Hui and Deng Ai to attack Shu, and Deng Ai smuggled Yin Ping directly into Chengdu. Liu Chan, who was very "knowledgeable", did not want to fight, tried his best to overcome public opinion, and surrendered with full sincerity, and the Shu Han regime, which lasted for 43 years, was finished.
Luo Guanzhong wrote a poem very difficult to ponder:
"Pray for the order to worship the dust, and cover the spoiled courtiers at that time." The king of the fifty-four states is hegemonic, and so on and abandons others. ”
At that time, the puppet emperor of the State of Wei was Cao Wan, and although Sima Zhao monopolized power and said that there was no difference, Liu Chan was nominally demoted to the State of Great Wei, so Cao Yi and Sima Zhao gave preferential treatment to the captives as relatives of the Han Dynasty. Sima Zhao knew very well that Liu Chan was a man with no great ambitions, that he was not bad enough to be bad, that he rarely did evil in Shu, and that at best he was a tyrant rather than a tyrant. Treating Liu Chan kindly, first, can reflect the tolerant and benevolent heart of the Great Wei State; second, it is also to show Eastern Wu. Just after the destruction of Shu, Sima Zhao was already planning to pocket a large area of Jiangdong.
By 280 AD, when Sun Hao was too desperate to surrender, Sima Shi had come to the forefront. In 265, as soon as Sima Zhao's front foot died, his son Sima Yan invited the puppet emperor to the Golden Palace, and the Great Jin replaced Great Wei, and the Cao Wei regime, which had enjoyed 47 years of state, was also declared to be destroyed.
With Sun Hao's personality, at first he still wanted to have a good fight with jinguo, but his generals did not want to give him their lives and fled. After a few battles, sun Wu's regime, which had been holding out for 52 years, also collapsed.
The tyrannical Sun Hao was notorious in the State of Wu, the people's hearts were lost, the Jin army came, and he had to resist stubbornly, and Sima Yan certainly did not have a good impression of him. The most important thing is that time has changed, the world has been unified, there is no need to show anyone anymore, so the treatment of Sun Hao and his cousin Liu Chan is obviously different.
China has a glorious tradition of being kind to the king of a fallen country. Since the Xia Zhou Dynasty, the king of the fallen country has been taken prisoner and generally does not kill. As mentioned above, after Sima Yan forced the Wei Yuan Emperor Cao Huan to take the throne, he was only demoted to the title of King of Chen Liu. There was precedent to follow in the previous dynasty, such as after Shang Tang captured Xia Jie, he also allowed him to leave with his beloved woman; when Emperor Cao Pi of Wei forced Liu Xiechan to give way to the Han Emperor, he did not kill him and made him the Duke of Shanyang.
According to the Book of Rites and the Royal System: "The king's system is The Lord, the Duke's Uncle, and the Fifth Rank." After Liu Chan came to Luoyang, he was also given the title of Duke of Anle.. Although they were all gongs and all of them were eating yi households, Liu Xie's Shanyang Gong was still one level higher than Liu Chan's Anle Gong, because Shanyang was a county duke, and Anle was a county duke. Despite this, Liu Chan was already very content, because the treatment of ten thousand households was too high! Cao Wei's five sons and generals were all outstanding, and the largest number of food was only about 4,000 households. What's more, at that time, the imperial court also gave silk ten thousand horses and gave slaves and hundreds of slaves, and with the character of Liu Chan, this Peaceful Gong was indeed a very happy foundation.
Eastern Wu surrendered, Sun Hao was escorted to Luoyang, and was also received by Sima Yan, who was given the title of Marquis of Guifeng at that time, literally, it was the meaning of "obeying the Mandate of Heaven and surrendering", but it implied ridicule, no matter how hard people are, they are not hard to live, are you Sun Hao still going to submit to me? The reward is only "thirty acres of land, five thousand pounds of grain, half a million dollars, five hundred horses of silk, and five hundred pounds of cotton." Hou was naturally one level lower than Gong, and these rewards were also obviously different from Liu Chan, and the treatment of the Eastern Wu imperial family that came and went was also unsatisfactory, only Sun Hao's former crown prince Sun Jin baizhonglang, and most of the others only got a vacant post.
Although he lived in Luoyang, he had his own fiefdom, that is, the Principality of Anle, the capital of which was called Anle County, in the northwest of present-day Shunyi District, Beijing, the old name was Anle Village.
But after all, it was the emperor who surrendered, was the Sima family so relieved? Is It Really So Happy?
There is a saying that at the junction of Heshan District and Anyang City in Hebi City, Henan Province, there is a "Adou Village", which is said to be the place where Liu Chan was secretly detained by Sima Zhao's father and son. There is no wind or waves, and this place name and saying are enough to arouse people's infinite reverie.
Different treatment, different endings, in addition to the difference in the environment, there is also a point that character determines fate. From this point of view alone, Liu Chan is very good, and a fool has his own foolish fortune.
It is said that one day, Sima Zhao set up a banquet to entertain Liu Chan, and during the banquet ordered the performance of Shuzhong music to help with song and dance, and a group of old Shu Han courtiers touched the scene, some people covered their faces, and some people shed tears. Only Liu Chan looked very engaged and happy. Sima Zhao asked him, "Does Duke An Le miss the Shu Kingdom a little?" Liu Chan replied, "Happy here, don't think about Shuya." ”
This is where the idiom allusion "Happy Not Thinking" comes from, but the story did not end at that time.
There was an old minister in the Shu kingdom, Hao Zheng, who was very naïve, and when he heard that this was an opportunity, he took advantage of the time to go to the toilet to teach Liu Chan -- he wanted to ask again, and His Majesty pretended to be very sad and said: "The grave of the ancestors is far away in Shudi, and I don't miss a day!" In this way, Sima Zhao may let you return to Shu, and Liu Chan will keep it in mind."
Halfway through the wine, Sima Zhao asked again, and Liu Chan quickly repeated the set he had just learned. Sima Zhao listened and said, "Huh? How did this sound like Hao Zheng said? Liu Chan was amazed: "How do you know?" The ministers on the left and right laughed.
Sima Zhao did have the intention of spying on Liu Chan at that time, but he was completely inorganic, a basin of water was clear and shallow, and when he saw it at a glance, he never doubted him again. The "Collection of Romances of the Three Kingdoms" commented on this matter: "I am afraid that the rumors are untrue, but I will cultivate obscurity to keep my ears full." "Think it's unreliable, or Liu Chan is pretending to be stupid."
And Sun Hao was a little out of place in his own position, first he was mad at the powerful minister Jia Chong, and then he was afraid of Wang Ji, who was in front of Sima Yan, and he had to feel that he was not happy or wrong!
Once, Sima Yan set up a banquet, and Sun Hao was present. During the banquet, Sima Yan half-jokingly said to Sun Hao, "Set up this seat for Qing Jiu. Sun Hao immediately shrugged it off: "Subject to the south, this seat is also set up for Your Majesty." "Where is the attitude of a king of a fallen country?
Another time, Sima Yan asked Sun Hao: "I heard that you southerners like to make "Erru Song", can you make one?" "Sun Hao's calligraphy is good, and he also has poetic talent, and he opens his mouth to come:
"Once he was a neighbor of Ru, and now he is a subject to Ru." A glass of wine on Ru, make Ru shou wanchun! ”
The king of a country is called "Ru" by his subordinates, which is a great disrespect to the emperor! Sima Yan was not interested in himself, but fortunately he had a big temper and did not have a seizure.
Under the eaves of people, it is also necessary to have the ability to do it for a while, and to shake the air in the sky, at this point, Sun Hao is really not as smart as Liu Chan, he may feel very angry, and want to find his own death.
"Hōng in Luoyang in the seventh year of Gongtai's reign", in 271, Liu Chan, who was protected by Mingzhe, died at the age of sixty-five, which was a high life expectancy in that era. He was also posthumously honored as "Si Gong", still treated as a duke, and the etiquette specifications of his death were naturally carried out in accordance with the grade of the duke, which can be described as extremely mournful. Moreover, Liu Chan's Principality of Anle also continued to be hereditary until after the "Yongjia Rebellion".
Sun Hao, who came to Luoyang and was still untamed, died a strange death, just four years later, the age was only forty-two years old, he "suddenly passed away".
The history books do not record the cause of his death, but personal speculation is that the murderer behind Sun Hao's death is likely to be Sima Yan or Jia Chong.
On the whole, Sima Yan, who was still relatively lenient, was originally very unimpressed with the tyrannical Sun Hao, this person specialized in killing and did everything to the extreme, and his story once spread to Luoyang, making Sima Yan feel numbness in his scalp. After the surrender, Sun Hao was quick to speak for a while, constantly adding to the blockade of the monarchs of the Jin state. Sima Yan may take into account the overall situation and the stability of Eastern Wu, and it is not good to directly poison Sun Hao, but Jia Chong, who has a black heart, does not have to think so much, and chooses to secretly send this assassin to send the former emperor to Huangquan Road, most of which is his handwriting.
There is only one sentence in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms: "(Taikang) Five years later, Hao died in Luoyang. The record in the "Wu Lu" is also as good as gold: "Hao died in December of the fourth year, at the age of forty-two, and was buried in the county boundary of Henan." "Not salty or light, in one stroke, Sun Hao not only did not receive the mourning sacrifice of the Western Jin Dynasty, but also did not even have a nickname.
Sun Hao should have died unnaturally, "attributed to non-life", and it also corresponded to his "return to the fate".
Empress Teng, whom he had wanted to abolish, personally wrote a eulogy for him, and the article was very sad and poignant. Within a few years, Empress Teng also passed away.
References: Book of Jin, Spring and Autumn of Wei, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, History of the Southern and Northern Dynasties of the Two Jin Dynasties, Wu Lu, Zizhi Tongjian, Collected Interpretations of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms