Daiguo, located at the confluence of the northern Jin Dynasty and the Mongolian plateau, was established for a long time beyond the princes of the Zhou Dynasty, and was already called king in the early warring states, and then was destroyed by the Zhao state and placed in Dai County. Since then, Dai County began to enter the ruling power of the Zhao State, because of the special geographical edge, it gradually became a pivotal force, like a sharp sword, if it is used well, it can expand the land in all directions, and if it is not good, it will mutinous and civil unrest, so it makes the Zhao State jealous and unable to give up. In this way, Dai County accompanied the Handan regime through hundreds of years of history, until it was finally annexed by the Qin State and became one of the thirty-seven counties in the early Qin Dynasty.
According to the modern geographical division, it is just in an important dividing line of our country, including the precipitation line of 400 mm, the dividing line of semi-humid and semi-arid areas and the dividing line of forest vegetation and grassland vegetation, and the dividing line between China's agricultural civilization and grassland civilization since ancient times. The Daiguo was founded in the Shang Dynasty, more than 3,000 years ago, although it is different from the modern climate, but it should be certain that it is different from the Central Plains princes at that time.
Around 1600 BC, after the Shang Tang established the Xia Dynasty, it began to divide the same surname, and its same ethnic group established a state on behalf of its sons, which is the earliest source of the relevant daiguo. Around 1046 BC, King Wu of Zhou destroyed the Shang and began to divide the princes, still retaining the status of the princes of the daiguo. Successive monarchs still maintained respect for Zhou Tianzi, performed tributary duties and other duties as required, and maintained communication with other Central Plains princes, and were not completely isolated, especially the neighboring countries of Yan, Xianyu, and Qiuyu.
During the Zhou Dynasty, the princes of the Central Plains observed the etiquette system of the Zhou Dynasty, and every move had etiquette to rely on, so there was a sense of natural and inexplicable superiority, and the four border countries could not be civilized by the ritual music, so they were given various contemptuous titles, the west was called Rong, the south was called Barbarian, the east was called Yi, and the north was called Rong, at that time, there were Tribes such as Li Rong, Bei Rong, Chi Yi, Bai Yi, Chang Yi, and other tribes, and the daiguo that was further north was called Dai Rong.
After the Zhou Dynasty moved eastward, its power declined day by day, and in the Spring and Autumn Period, a few princes claimed to be kings on their own, such as the State of Wu, the State of Yue, and the State of Chu, all of which were princes of the south and southeast, while the Daiguo increased in power in the early warring states, the military strength reached a thousand multipliers, and the political ambitions increased sharply, and finally took the lead in claiming the title of king before other Central Plains princes, setting a precedent for the warring states princes to be kings.
Generation of nations
When the Zhao clan was still one of the secretaries of the Jin dynasty, he plotted to expand his power, so as to compete with the Zhi clan, the Han clan, and the Wei clan, to avoid the fate of the Zhongxing clan and the extinction of the paradigm, and to avoid the recurrence of the Siege of Jinyang. At that time, Zhao Jianzi, the head of the Zhao family, looked at the daiguo in the north, knowing that the daiwang liked beauty and coveted money, so he married his eldest daughter to the daiwang and gave many gifts to the daiguo. Because the time is not yet ripe, it can only be left to future generations to achieve.
In 475 BC, Zhao Jianzi died, and Zhao Xiangzi inherited Zhao Jianzi's position and his will to take over the daiguo. In the same year, Zhao Xiangzi went to Xiawu Mountain to feast on the Dai Wang, that is, his brother-in-law, when the two sides were drinking, according to the pre-planned plan, the cook of the Zhao family sent food killed the Dai Wang with a copper spoon, ambushed the soldiers to kill the guests who followed, and the Zhao army quickly attacked and occupied the Dai Kingdom and incorporated all its territory, but Zhao Xiangzi's sister committed suicide with a hair fence after crying a lot. In this way, the Zhao state not only rapidly expanded its territory, but also occupied a good place for raising horses, and mastered a large number of heroic and good cavalry of the daiguo, providing a foundation for the subsequent continuation of the expansion of territory and even the hufu riding and shooting.
Xiangzi's sister was formerly The Lady of the Acting King. Jian Zi is buried, not disobedient, Beiden Xiawu, please act as king. Make the cooks use the copper to eat the king and his followers, and the yin orders the zai people to kill the king and the subordinates with the sword, so that the soldiers will be on the ground.
In 403 BC, the Zhao clan was officially enfeoffed as a prince by Zhou Tianzi, marking the official establishment of the state. However, in the past hundred years, the Zhao state has been suppressed by the surrounding powers, with Wei and Han in the south, Qin in the west, Zhongshan and Qi in the east, and Sanhu "Donghu, Lou Fu, and Lin Hu" in the north, falling into a situation of enemies on all sides. In 326 BC, King Wuling of Zhao ascended the throne under great pressure and challenges, and then judged the situation and adjusted his foreign strategy, marrying Korea to the south to resist the State of Wei, allying with the State of Song to resist the State of Qi, attacking the State of Yan with heavy bribes, rejecting the King of the Five Kingdoms on the grounds of insufficient strength, and adjusting the focus of the attack to Zhongshan And Sanhu.
In foreign wars, King Wuling of Zhao found that the Dai County cavalry was fast in mobility and had a great advantage over the Central Plains cavalry, so he persuaded the clan ministers to promote Hufu riding and shooting nationwide, that is, to abandon the wide clothing belt in the dress, and change it to a Hu costume with short sleeves, belt corsets, and leather boots on the feet; militarily, the vehicle soldiers and corresponding tactics were abandoned, and the single cavalry and bow soldiers were promoted.
Hufu rides and shoots
At the beginning of the reform, Dai County was the only area in the Zhao Kingdom with cavalry combat experience and mass production of war horses, and on the one hand, King Wuling of Zhao sent a large number of Dai County soldiers to the interior to teach the original cavalry soldiers to learn riding and tactics, and selected excellent soldiers as officers at all levels, while the people of Dai County also went south to take up their posts when they saw the rich salaries; on the other hand, they increased the production support for Dai County, accelerated the economic development of Dai County, especially the production of war horses, and provided direct support for the large-scale popularization of cavalry.
Zhongshan Kingdom, the heart of the heart
Among all the neighboring countries of the Zhao State, the hidden dangers of the Zhongshan State are the most fatal, one is that relying on the Taihang Mountains, the terrain is easy to defend and difficult to attack, and it cuts off the border of the Zhao State from north to south, which seriously affects the national defense and security of the Zhao State; second, after the Zhongshan State is white, the people's style is fierce, the combat strength is very strong, and the confrontation with the Zhao State is not left behind; the third is that it often colludes with the State of Qi and the State of Wei to jointly send troops to attack the State of Zhao, so that the State of Zhao is overwhelmed.
Therefore, successive monarchs of the Zhao State have all taken the Zhongshan State as the top priority, but they have not succeeded, and the Dai County is located in the north of the Zhongshan Kingdom, and going south along the Taihang Mountains can greatly reduce the geographical advantage of the Zhongshan State, so when the Zhao State attacks the Zhongshan State, it will let the Dai State send troops together. For example, "Twenty years, Zhao Gu, the acting minister, sent his soldiers." "For twenty-one years, Niu Qi will ride the car, Zhao Xi will and Hu and Dai." In the end, the State of Zhao destroyed the State of Zhongshan in 296 BC with the new troops and new tactics of Hufu Riding and Shooting, which expanded the territory of the State of Zhao, improved the national environment, and had closer ties with Dai County.
"Destroy Zhongshan, and move its king to SkinShi." Qi Lingshou, the northern place from, daido Odori. ”
Zhongshan Kingdom
Sanhu, the disease of scabies moss
Sanhu refers to the nomadic tribes on the northern border of the Zhao State, from east to west, they are Dong Hu, Lou Fu, Lin Hu, because of the characteristics of the way of life, often go south to harass the Zhao Border, but also let the Zhao State have to arrange a standing army defense, and the other side has many cavalry, come and go freely, the traditional vehicle soldiers can not stop at all. Initially, when Zhao Xiangzi seized the Daiguo, The King of Zhao Wuling, Hu Fu, wanted to balance the Three Hus geographically and militarily.
Change your clothes and ride and shoot to prepare for the side of Yan, Sanhu, Qin, and Han. Moreover, in the past, the Jian Lord did not sai Jinyang and Shangdang, and the Xiang Lord and Rong replaced Zhu Hu. - King Wuling of Zhao
After achieving a military victory over the Zhongshan Kingdom, King Wuling of Zhao took advantage of the situation several times to attack Hudi, such as "Wang Luozhong Mountain, to Ningye, Xiluo Hudi, to Yuzhong, Lin Hu Wang sacrificed horses." "Twenty-six years later, he re-attacked Zhongshan, stretching north to Yan and Dai, and west to Yunzhong and Jiuyuan." "In the second year of [King Huiwen of Zhao], the main father (King Wuling of Zhao) went to Xindi, so he went out of the dynasty, and met king Lou of Lou in the west and sent his soldiers to the West River."
Later, the Eastern Hu rebellion drove the Dai Commandery together, and Zhao Huiwen quickly sent troops to pacify it, ensuring absolute control over the Dai Commandery and avoiding the expansion of the situation, "Twenty-six years, take the Eastern Hu OuDai Land." ”
Yan Guo, back to the alliance sneak attack
After the Battle of Changping, the State of Zhao lost a large number of adult men and soldiers, and the national strength was greatly damaged, the King of Yan took the initiative to establish a pact with the State of Zhao, and Yan Xiangli, who had returned from the State of Zhao, proposed that the State of Zhao was very weak and could take the opportunity to attack, so the State of Yan sent troops to attack the State of Zhao and the two places. Zhao Guo was very angry at Yan Guo's treacherous and fallen into the well, so he sent Lian Quite a general to send troops to counterattack the Yan army, killing Li Belly at Yan and capturing Qing Qin and Le Cheng in Daidi, when the county sent troops to fight with Lian Po.
Lian Po not only defeated the Yan army, but also attacked all the way to the capital of the Yan state, almost destroying the Yan state, so that the Yan state had to cut off the land and seek peace. This greatly replenished the population lost by the Zhao state in the battles of Changping and Handan, and helped the Zhao state speed up the speed of recovery, and the victory of this battle against Yan was on the one hand a good command, and on the other hand, it depended on the local armed support of Dai County.
Subsequently, the State of Zhao and the State of Yan exchanged land, and the State of Yan gave Gecheng, Wuyang and Pingshu to the State of Zhao, and the State of Zhao gave the other three cities to the State of Yan, of which Pingshu was an important city in Dai County, indicating that the State of Zhao still attached great importance to the integrity of the County of Dai and the defense of the State of Yan.
After the two wars of Changping and Handan, the war potential in the southern parts of the Zhao State was almost depleted, and at that time, under extremely difficult circumstances, the defensive forces of the northern counties such as Dai County and Yanmen were still not greatly reduced. Subsequently, Li Mu, commander of the Border Army, killed more than 100,000 Xiongnu in the First World War with 1,300 chariots, 13,000 warhorses, 50,000 infantry, and 100,000 archers, took the opportunity to destroy the ragged Xiongnu, defeated Donghu, and surrendered Lin Hu, so that the Xiongnu did not dare to approach the border of the Zhao state for more than ten years, which greatly eased the defensive pressure on the northern border, and also enabled these strong border soldiers to go south to support the Zhao state.
After King Xiangxiang of Zhao ascended the throne, due to improper handling, Lian Po and Le took advantage of the escape, so they had to transfer Li Mu into the dynasty and became a major minister of the imperial court, not only because of his outstanding military achievements, but also because of the border forces behind him. Li Mu then led his army to attack everywhere, winning repeatedly, changing the decline of the Zhao state after the Battle of Handan, in 243 BC, Li Mu attacked and occupied the Yan state of Wucheng and Fang Sui; in 233 BC, Li Mu destroyed more than 100,000 Qin troops in Yi'an, forcing the Qin general Huan Gong to run Yan; in 232 BC, he defeated the invading Qin army again, but then king Zhao took the Qin state's strategy of alienation, self-destructed the Great Wall and killed Li Mu, and the following year the Zhao state perished.
In the late Zhao dynasty, under Li Mu's successful attack and defense, it had a momentum of Zhongxing, which relied on soldiers from Northern Counties such as Dai Commandery and Yanmen to ensure the stability of the Handan regime and help the Zhao State to expand its territory in the Yan State and other countries, and defend against the invasion of the Qin State.
Since the beginning of the Zhao kingdom, there has been a traditional practice of intermarriage with Rong Di, such as Zhao Xiangzi's mother is Zhao Jianzi's zhai state maid, and her sister is married to the daiwang; after this descendant state joins the Zhao kingdom, the zhao monarch is bound to continue to marry or intermarry in order to win over the local clan, so the successive Zhao monarchs have a large generation of county blood, and will give support to the relevant forces of the dai county.
After Hufu rode and shot, the Zhao state regime gradually Hu, Dai County, as the earliest Rongyu region that entered the Zhao state, was given priority, in addition to military strength, economic and civilian strength was not weak, almost juxtaposed with the old capital of the Zhao state, Jinyang, and the new capital city of Handan. Zhao Guoguo's style was also affected, fierce, brave, and tenacious, enabling Zhao Guo to repeatedly resist the Qin state at its peak.
Li Mu
In addition, because of the influence of Hu Fu's riding and shooting, a large proportion of the Military Generals of the Zhao State were ranked side by side with those who adhered to the Central Plains Daoist system, and with the establishment of meritorious deeds, the impact on the korean situation could not be underestimated, such as Xiang guo Feiyi, who supported the Zhao Wuling King Hu Fu riding and shooting, was a Bai Yi; on the other hand, the generals of the Northern Frontier Army played an increasingly important role in the later period, such as Lian Po was sent to Pingjun, Wei Wen of Dai Commandery was his fiefdom, and Li Mu was enfeoffed as Wu Anjun.
Sima Qian commented: "Anbian made a decision, quite a feat, and the merits of pastoralism. ”
Because of the importance of Dai County, the Zhao State has always had the arrangement of the Feudal Emperor's Office to take charge of the Dai County, and the Dai County itself has a high degree of independence in terms of geography, customs, and military, and it is easy to form an independent small kingdom force, so that the Zhao State has repeatedly caused civil strife due to the Dai County.
Zhao Huanzi's rebellion
Zhao Xiangzi was very guilty of his eldest brother, the former crown prince, because his father Zhao Jianzi deposed Li Shu, so he did not pass the heir to his son, but passed it to Bolu Yimai, whose son Chengjun died early and established Chengjun's son Zhao Huan as the crown prince. At that time, Zhao Xiangzi's younger brother Zhao Huanzi was in Dai County, so he sent troops to drive away Zhao Huan and establish himself, but unfortunately he did not have that life, and he died a year later. The people of the country believed that establishing Zhao Huanzi was not Zhao Xiangzi's original intention, so they killed Zhao Huanzi's son and welcomed Zhao Huan back to the throne.
The Dune Rebellion
King Wuling of Zhao first married a Korean princess as queen, and gave birth to a son Zhao Zhangli as a prince, because Queen Han died early, King Wuling of Zhao also made his favorite concubine Wu Wa the queen, giving birth to a son Zhao He. King Wuling of Zhao saw that Zhao He was very virtuous, and he also favored his mother, so he changed zhao he to be the crown prince, and then gave him the throne of Zen, and let Xiang guo fei yi assist him, and called himself the main father. In order to make up for Zhao Zhang, King Wuling of Zhao enfeoffed him as The Prince of Anyang in Dai Commandery, and once when he saw the tall Zhao Zhang paying tribute to the still very young Zhao He, he felt very guilty, so he wanted to separate the Dai Commandery and establish a state, with Zhao Zhang as the Acting King, but was dissuaded by Xiang Guo Feiyi.
Seeing that his eldest son Zhang Ranye was a vassal of the north, he was sorry for his brother, so he wanted to divide Zhao and Wang Zhang yu dai, but the plan was undecided and he quit.
Zhao Zhang originally disobeyed Zhao He, seeing that his father intended to cultivate himself, so he attacked with the army of King Wuling of Zhao and King Huiwen of Zhao during the feast in the Dune Palace, only to be defeated by King Huiwen of Zhao and another prince, Zhao Cheng, who ran into the palace of King Wuling of Zhao, and Zhao Chengbu surrounded Li Dui, because he was worried that he would eventually be exterminated in the name of rebellion, and simply besieged him for three months, and only after determining that King Wuling of Zhao and Zhao Zhang died did they break the siege. King Huiwen of Zhao only mourned after he knew about it, but did not make too much connection to avoid the Zhao state from falling into new civil unrest.
The main father is King Wuling of Zhao
When King Xiang of Zhao was facing great challenges to the country, he still abolished Chang Li and Li Yu, deposed Xian Li Yu, took prostitutes as concubines, and abolished Zhao Jia, the son who grew up with his wife, and the misbehaving King Zhao was moved to the crown prince. In 228 BC, king Zhai of the State of Qin attacked Handan and captured the King of Zhao, and the State of Zhao fell. Subsequently, Emperor Zhao and his ministers retired to Dai Commandery and established the original eldest son Zhao Jia as king, known in history as Dai Guo. Zhao Jia formed an offensive and defensive alliance with the State of Yan in Dai Commandery and continued to lead the army and people to resist the State of Qin for six years, but due to the disparity in strength with the State of Qin, until after the State of Yan was destroyed in 222 BC, the State of Dai was destroyed by the Qin general Wang Ben.
Qin was deposed, and Zhao Zhi's death doctor GongJia was crowned king, and when Wang Dai was six years old, Qin jin invaded Jia and destroyed Zhao as a county.
【Conclusion】 Dai County set a precedent for Hu Feng in the Zhao State, and then triggered hufu riding and shooting, which directly and indirectly helped the Zhao State military, but because of its excessive strength, there were signs of a country within a country, and there were repeated civil unrest, but when it was trying to save the country, it became the last delayed stronghold of the Zhao State. It can be seen that Dai County is indeed like a double-edged sword to Zhao Guo, whether it is a protector or a wounded lord, depending on how the master uses it.