Everyone should know
Yesterday Apple unveiled three new phones
Figure from the network
So
If in recent days
Your female ticket is a bit of an anomaly
Like what
The phone fell to the ground at every turn
Always complain to you that the phone is too stuck, the battery is not working
I'm in a bad mood and so on
You should understand
Most of them are installed
A fight
Just buy a new iPhone
Speaking of the new iPhone this time
The tadpole jun is most interested
It is not the "bath bully three shots" that have been played by netizens
The picture is from the watermark
It's one of those colors
Midnight green
When I first saw this color
A question came to my mind
What is this green?
Could it be this?
Although this green often occurs at midnight
But it's not midnight green
True midnight green is like this
Tell the truth
I really admire the people who name colors
Can make the dark green so literary and artistic
(I don't care I just think it's dark green)
Actually like this
There are also many confusing color namings
Mummified brown: Pigment extracted from a corpse
Did you know that mummies were once used to make paints? The color is called "mummy brown" and is made from a mixture of crushed mummified flesh, white asphalt and myrrh.
Image credit: Ancient Origins
The mummy is one of the symbols of mysterious ancient Egypt, but there was a time in history when mummies were regarded as commodities rather than precious artifacts, and the business of buying and selling mummies was booming.
Painters from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance often bought medicinal herbs from pharmacies as pigments, and it was in this context that the mummy brown was discovered by painters. The mummy brown color is rich, the transparency is high, and the expressiveness exceeds that of ordinary brown pigments, which is widely popular.
Michelle Martin Rodlin's Inside the Kitchen makes extensive use of this pigment. Don't worry about these pieces smelling putrid, and mummies are made with spices such as frankincense and myrrh, so mummy brown may smell good.
By 1964, due to the sharp decline in the number of raw mummies, the real mummy brown disappeared from the market. Pigments called "mummy brown" are still available, but there is no mummy in the raw material, it is made from a mixture of kaolin, quartz, pinsel and iron ore powder, which is usually yellowish or reddish in color compared to authentic mummy brown.
Carmine: Parasite becomes food coloring
Carmine is not the same thing as the rouge used by ancient Chinese women, and the rouge used for makeup is mostly made of flower petals, while carmine is made from a crushed cactus parasite.
Image source: tafheemeislam.com
The bug, called cochineal, is native to the Americas and was used by Indians to make up makeup before being brought back to Europe by the Spaniards.
The color of carmine was more intense than the traditional red dye originally used by Europeans, so it immediately became popular among the nobility. It was used not only by painters to paint, but also to make cardinal robes. At that time, the identity of the cochineal worm had been a trade secret, and it was not until the end of the 16th century that everyone knew that this beautiful red color actually came from the blood of the worm.
Today, red dyes made from cochineals are still often used, and the range of use is much wider than imagined. Although carmine is made of bugs, it is a natural edible color recognized by the US Food and Drug Administration and is often used to color food. However, it seems that everyone is difficult to accept indirect "eating bugs", and Starbucks in the United States has caused an uproar because of the use of carmine in drinks.
In addition to being "hidden" in food, carmine can also appear in cosmetics, especially high-end lipstick. In short, it is really not easy to get this bug out of your mouth!
Indian Yellow: The color of cow urine that sparked protests
The clear and reddish color of Indian yellow is the favorite of many famous painters, and due to its high transparency, it is very suitable for expressing beautiful things in the sun. However, this Indian yellow, which is used to express good things, is actually made of cow urine!
Indian yellow is native to India, the shape is a lump of round balls, slightly smelly, exported to Europe was widely used by painters, but the production process is really curious: let the cows feed only on mango leaves for a long time, their urine will become orange-yellow, collect urine with buckets, evaporate to extract yellow particles, that is, Indian yellow.
Image source: Wikipedia
The Indian yellow that can be seen on the market today is synthetic from other materials, but this is not because the raw materials are too disgusting, but because the production process is too inhumane.
It has remained mysterious for hundreds of years when it was popular in India, and speculations have been made about its raw materials. It was not until later that someone went to India to investigate the field that the mystery was unveiled, and this revelation sparked a fierce protest movement, because most of the cows fed in this way were malnourished and eventually weakened and died.
So in 1908, this production method was stopped on suspicion of animal cruelty.
Bone snail purple: A foul-smelling liquid exclusively supplied by the royal family
Bone snail purple, also known as royal purple, is the royal color of the Roman royal family, but the production process is more disgusting. Not only does the dye emit a foul odor, but even the dyed clothes have a fishy smell.
Bone snail violet is made from the mucus of the dye bone snail. The appearance of the dye bone snail is not the same as that of the general conch, with many sharp spines around the body, and the subgill glands will secrete colorless milky mucus, which is originally used to prey, defend and immunize, and will turn purple after contact with light and oxygen. In addition to the dye bone snail, a variety of animals in other bone snail families can also secrete this discolored mucus.
Image credit: University of Michigan Library
When using bone snails to refine purple dyes, people will take out the bone snail meat, add salt water to soak, heat it with steam, and add human urine to adjust the color shade. Although the smell is stinky, the bone snail purple color is bright and long-lasting, and will not fade over the years. The value of bone snail violet is also reflected in its very rare, requiring tens of thousands of bone snails to produce 1 gram of dye, so it is expensive and suitable as a symbol of power and status.
In the past, the production and use of bone snail purple was strictly restricted, and it could only be used for the emperor's clothing, the robes of the clergy, and military orders. It was not until 1856, when a chemist accidentally discovered the world's first synthetic chemical dye, aniline violet, that purple gradually faded into aristocratic color.
Scheler Green: The Fatal Discovery of Chemists
Green is the hardest hit area of toxic pigments, the earliest people used copper carbonate dyeing, later found Scheler green, and then there was Paris green, cobalt green, each green is beautiful, but each has poison.
Scherer green, or copper arsenite, is bright but not stable enough, not only toxic, but also carcinogenic. Scheler Green has poisoned many people in history, and Napoleon may have been one of them.
Image credit: Springer Link
Napoleon died on the island of St. Helena in 1821, and the cause of death is widely disputed. The measurements of many scholars have shown that the arsenic content of Napoleon's hair is much higher than that of normal people, and some people speculate that Napoleon was poisoned and killed, and some people point out that the extra-ordinary amount of arsenic may be related to the Scheler green wallpaper in Napoleon's room. St. Helena's climate was humid and Napoleon could have died of chronic poisoning from long-term inhalation of arsenic-containing gas released by wallpaper.
Scheler Green got its name from the chemist who discovered it, and there were many discoveries of great importance to humans in his lifetime, such as oxygen and chlorine. After he discovered that copper arsenite can be used as a green dye, this color was popular in the clothing and construction industry, and later people who fell ill or even died because of "poisonous skirts" and "toxic rooms" continued to appear, and the toxicity of Scheler green began to be taken seriously. However, people did not completely abandon it and used it as an insecticide.
bibliography:
1.http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20180328-the-pigment-made-of-human-remains-and-more-surprising-hues
2.http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20180202-the-insect-that-painted-europe-red
This article is the original article of tadpole staves
Author: Folded ear root
Tadpole Jun has changed
Tadpole staves
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