"My Yuexiu Mountain Story" Essay Selection:
In the Qing Dynasty, the "Eight Views of Ancient Kapok in Yangcheng" and other Guangzhou Kapok were most popular in the Qing Dynasty
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The earliest written record of kapok cultivation in Guangzhou appeared in the Song Dynasty
At present, Guangzhou, spring is bright, kapok is blooming, and red is glowing. It corresponds to the poem of the Qing Dynasty scholar Huang Peifang describing Kapok: "Half a mile flying red fire tree." As we all know, kapok, also known as red cotton, climbing branches, coral, beacon tree, hero tree, etc., is a common green tree, street tree and ornamental tree in Guangzhou. During the Republic of China period and after the founding of New China, red cotton was twice selected as the flower of Guangzhou. Its cultivation history in Guangzhou dates back to the Time of the Western Han Dynasty and the Nanyue Kingdom more than 2,000 years ago.
Ancient Kapok of the South Sea Temple
In front of the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, kapok blooms
Guangxiao Temple is more than 240 years old kapok
Ancient Kapok next to the Chu Ting Arch of the Ancient Tai of Yuexiu Mountain
The Sun Yat-sen Monument at the top of Yuexiu Mountain is wrapped in blooming red cotton
The ancient kapok tree in the northeast corner of the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, aged 349 years, is known as the King of Kapok
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It is said that when Zhao Tuo divided Lingnan and established the State of South Vietnam, and later returned to the Han Dynasty, he once offered the kapok tree as a tribute to the Han Emperor. In this regard, the "Miscellaneous Records of Xijing" written by Ge Hong of the Eastern Jin Dynasty records: "There are coral trees in the Hanji grass pond, which are one and two feet high, one wood and three kes, and there are four hundred and sixty-two on them. It was presented by Zhao Tuo, the King of South Vietnam, and was called the Beacon Tree. At night, the scenery is always burning. Later generations mostly believe that this "beacon tree" is a kapok tree. However, this may just be a legend ("Xijing Miscellaneous" is a collection of historical notes and novels, not too serious), Kapok is afraid of cold, and it is difficult to survive in Lingbei, let alone in the ice and snow of Chang'an.
During the Three Kingdoms period, because Guangzhou was "governed by the sea, the sea current was salty in autumn" (the sea was irrigated in autumn), the people had difficulty eating water, and Shi Luyin stored the water in the depression downstream of the lower stream of Baiyun Mountain, and then diverted the water into the city, so that "the people could eat sweetly". The water that was stored became a lake, a pond called Ganquan Pond. During the reign of Emperor Wuzong of Tang, Lu Zhen served as the Lingnan Festival, came to the city of Guangzhou, built a dike around Ganquan Pond to store water, and built pavilions and pavilions, planting kapok, thorn trees and other trees on both sides of the embankment. The Southern Song Dynasty's "Hundred Songs of the South China Sea" records: "It is a resort for stepping on the green summer." ...... The trees of kapok and thorn trees are planted, and the flowers are beautiful, and the ten miles look at each other like fire. "This is probably the earliest clear record of the cultivation of kapok in Guangzhou.
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The Kapok of the Yue King's Hometown is the most famous
Guangzhou Kapok was the most prosperous in the Qing Dynasty, there is "Yangcheng Ancient Kapok Eight Views", its locations are: Yue Wang Gutai, Nanhai Temple, Guangxiao Temple, Jinghui Temple, Five Immortals Temple, Yuyan Academy, Shizhang Red Cotton Road, Shengang Kapok Village.
The first of the "Eight Views of Ancient Kapok in Yangcheng" is undoubtedly the ancient kapok of the Yue Wang's Old Terrace (Yue Wang Tai), and it can also be understood as the kapok of the entire Yuexiu Mountain. According to legend, the YueWangTai was built by Zhao Tuo, the King of Nanyue, on the hill where the Sun Yat-sen Monument in Yuexiu Park is located today. At that time, the ancient kapok trees here were quite luxuriant, red and lustrous, and the blue sky and white clouds were contrasted, and the scenery was magnificent. It is uncertain when these kapok were planted, but it will certainly not be less than a thousand years.
At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the Yuewangtai had long been destroyed, but there were still remnants of the female wall. In the twenty-third year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1684), the poet Wang Shizhen was ordered to come to Guangzhou to worship the god of the South China Sea, and several times he traveled to Wangtai and saw "the past traces of Huluan Dao." The female walls are all kapok, and when the flowers are red, they shine outside the sky, and the wonders are also.".
At that time, the scope of Yuexiu Mountain was far larger than today's Yuexiu Park, west to Liuhua Bridge and the area of Xishan Gaogang at the intersection of today's Dongfeng Road and Renmin Road, east to Donghao and its east side of gangqiu, south to the first line of Dongfeng Road, and north to Shan'ao (now Huanshi Middle Road). In addition to the Yuewang Ancestral Terrace on the top of Yuexiu Mountain, there are also Xianggang, Xuehai Hall, ZhengXian Ancestral Hall, Yingyuan Academy, Sanyuan Palace, Qingquan Jingshe, And Red Cotton Temple.
Xianggang, the hill where the Museum of the Nanyue King of the Western Han Dynasty is located today, was once built by Zhao Tuo on which the Han Dynasty was built, and the platform has long been destroyed, but there are still flourishing kapok trees here in the Qing Dynasty. The Opening sentence of the poem "Spring Day Climbing Yue Xiu Mountain to Find the Former Site of the Hantai Dynasty" by Wei Xi of the Qing Dynasty is: "Wu was absolutely the year of the Hantai Dynasty, and the East Wind marched on kapok." "In the 1980s, Xianggang was cut in half and a Large Hotel of China was built, and the old appearance was no longer there, and the ancient kapok disappeared.
Xuehai Hall is a famous academy in the Qing Dynasty, built in the southern foothills of Yuexiu Mountain, on the west side of today's no. 2 Middle School. At that time, ruan yuan, the governor of Liangguang, chose to build a college here, which was considered to be a quiet place for running a school in the foothills of Yuexiu Mountain, "ancient wood yin feng, green banyan red cotton, and handing over leaves".
In 1857, during the Second Opium War, Xuehai Hall was severely damaged. After the war, the restoration was reopened, headed by the famous scholar Chen Li, and a grand elegant collection was held at the beginning of the course, with the participation of Zhang Weiping, Liang Tingnan, Tan Ying and other scholars. At that time, it was spring, and the kapok was in full bloom, and Chen Li proposed to use the theme of "kapok" as the title, impromptu poetry, and took the lead in writing a seven-law "Xuehaitang Yaji": "Half a day of xia qi embraces the layers of mountains, and the rain of Xiaojian Virtual Hall is dry." After the war, the mountains are green with herbs, and the spring flowers are like wine and face dan. Last year, this day was gloomy, and Wan Ziqian looked at it with tears in his eyes. It is rare that The forest is unharmed, and Mo Ci is intoxicated with the column. This poem cuts close to the Kapok (Ancient Forest) tree and exudes patriotic thoughts.
Zhang Weiping's "Yong Kapok" begins with the following sentence: "Fierce and vigorous, dignified and upright, there is this heroic master in the flowers." A brass drum opened, and a thousand trees of coral lined up. People travel to the mountains and seas, and they are amazed when they see grass and trees..." Depicting the heroism of Kapok, we can see the grandeur of Kapok around Xuehai Hall.
In the early years of the Republic of China, Yuexiu Mountain was still a famous scenic spot for viewing kapok in Guangzhou, but unfortunately, due to the garrison and many wars, many kapok trees were destroyed.
There are still 12 old kapok trees in and around Yuexiu Mountain today. The most famous tree is in the northeast corner of the back door of the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, the tree is 349 years old, the height of the tree is 26 meters, the chest diameter is 1.76 meters, the canopy area is about 800 square meters, the blossom season, the red dyeing cloud sky, is the oldest of the surviving kapok trees in Guangzhou, known as the king of kapok. Another famous kapok tree is next to Qingquan Street Elementary School in the western section of present-day Yingyuan Road.
There are 10 old kapok trees in the Yuexiu Mountain Hundred Steps Ladder, which are distributed in sun yat-sen's reading and administration office, Foshan archway, Sun Yat-sen Monument and other places. The trees are more than 120 years old, and although the vigor is not as good as the Kapok King, its heroic posture of directly inserting into the sky is breathtaking.
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Where does the name "Hero Tree" come from?
The second view of the "Eight Views of Ancient Kapok in Yangcheng" is at the Nanhai Temple in Huangpu Miaotou Village. Qing Qianlong's "Notes on South Vietnam" said: "The Kapok of the South China Sea Temple is the most prosperous when it blooms. At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Qu Dajun's "Guangdong Xinyu, Muyu, Kapok" recorded: "Before the Nanhai Ancestral Hall (that is, the Nanhai Temple), there were more than ten of the oldest plants, and in February, the year was blessed with a prosperous dynasty, and the flowers were in full bloom. The viewers reached thousands of people, and the glittering face was like an ochre. "In those days, people had the custom of coming to the temple to see kapok.
The Lingnan poet chen Gongyin of the same era lamented the kapok of the South China Sea Temple with "Kapok Song": "On the day of February and March in the Guangdong River, thousands of trees and vermilion blossoms. It is like Yao Shooting Ten Sunrises out of the sea, more like the Wei Palace Wan torch ring high platform. Covered like a bell, the red-petaled bear star has horns. Thick beard and big face good hero, strong and high crown how to fall! The name "Hero Tree" of Kapok is said to have spread since then.
There are still three ancient kapok trees in the Nanhai Temple, two on the east and west sides of the large courtyard on the north side of The Yimen, all of which are more than 210 years old, while the tree on the west side is half broken, but the branches are vigorous and still vibrant. The other is on the west side behind the Zhaoling Palace.
Other attractions of "Eight Views of Ancient Kapok in Yangcheng" ——
Jinghui Temple (Six Banyan Trees Temple). Today, there are still two kapok trees in the temple, towering into the clouds.
Five Immortals Temple. In the late Qing Dynasty, Hu He had the "Yangcheng Bamboo Branch Words" in the Wing Guan Kapok: "There were red cotton trees left in that year, and the cotton in February flew in March. ”
Guangxiao Temple. There are still fewer kapok trees in the temple than they were then, and there are still a few remaining trees.
Ten Zhang Red Cotton Road. The Shizhang Red Cotton Road is northeast of Yaoxi on the south bank of the Pearl River, and today's Haizhu District is separated by mountains and Nanchang Avenue. At that time, the road was about 33 meters long, and there was a tall and robust kapok tree in the middle, which bloomed like a red cloud, and the sound of partridges could often be heard. Shi Monk Bao Raft Poetry Yongzhi: "After the first rain of spring, a crying partridge." Surprised by the green clouds, ten zhang red coral. "This scene no longer existed during the Republic of China, and the ancient road became an ordinary street.
Yuyan Academy. The academy is in Luogang, Guangzhou, and there are still ancient kapok trees.
Shengang Kapok Village. The village is located in The town of Shengang in Conghua City, and is also a place where Kapok trees flourish.
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Other famous kapok landscapes of Guangzhou during the Qing Dynasty
In fact, the famous kapok landscapes in Guangzhou in the Qing Dynasty are far more than the above eight. Unfortunately, the times have changed, and most of them no longer exist. Today's people have basically forgotten. Now briefly described, it can also be regarded as a remembrance of the ancient trees of old Guangzhou.
Panyu Xuegong, which is the former site of the present-day Zhongshan Fourth Road Agricultural Lecture Institute. In front of the south gate of the Qing Dynasty Xuegong, two tall kapok trees stand in front of the star gate, and the branches are vigorous. During the Republic of China, the road was expanded and destroyed. At present, there are still several ancient towering trees growing in the courtyard on the north side of the Daiseong Hall in the palace, one of which is kapok, which is nearly 180 years old and has deep leaves and deep roots.
Yongsheng Temple, on the northern end of present-day Dongchuan Road and the northwestern part of the Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, along with the sidewalk. There are several ancient kapok plants outside the temple gate, which is quite famous. The Qing Dynasty Cen Yi wrote in the "SilaoShanRen Poetry Collection, Yongsheng Temple Kapok Poetry Preface": "The environment is quite secluded, and the ratio of several kapok plants outside the door is high into the clouds, and Wei Li is also the ratio of Yuetai (Yuexiu Mountain Yuewangtai)." ”
Civilization Gate, Qing Dynasty Civilization Gate at the intersection of today's Civilization Road and Civilization Gate (alley name), there are many kapok plants planted near the city gate, and when the flowers bloom, they are red. Qing Yongzheng held up Hang Shijun's poem "Passing through the Gate of Civilization to See Kapok": "Qing pressed a few trees in the hall of red, and there was no green leaf with spring wind." Nongjia's wooden pen is clearly similar, and adding rouge is different. ”
Rongtang, a private garden in the Qing Dynasty (formerly located in the present-day Fangcao Street), there are many kapok plants in the garden, winter to spring, red cotton blooms, is described as "ten miles of red cotton around the painting building", "February climbing the building, four mountains like burning".
The back garden of the Inspectorate (now the People's Park). Chen Huiyan of the Qing Dynasty recorded in his Travels in South Vietnam: "In Huicheng, yu (leased) lived in Lotus Well, adjacent to the Fuju Backyard Garden. There are several kapok plants in the garden, and every time you push the east window of the study room, you can see that it is about the wind, as a greeting, and the morning and sunset are quiet, which is quite pleasant. "Today's People's Park, there are still many tall kapok plants.
Governor's Office of Liangguang. The Governor's Office of Liangguang before the Second Opium War, on the site of the present-day Sacred Heart Cathedral (Stone Chamber). There are tall kapoks next to the department, and when the flowers bloom, they are like burning clouds. From the 22nd year of The Qing Dynasty to the sixth year of Daoguang, the scholar Nguyễn Yuan served as the governor of Liangguang, and wrote the "Governor's Office Xitang Kapok Poem": "The silk is high and hangs in the sky, and it is difficult to climb the top branch (kapok name panzhihua)." ...... With this red cloud can hold the sun, the peony must be stained with rouge. ”
Dongshan Kapok Gang, now the Dongshan District People's Hospital in the eastern section of Zhongshan 2nd Road, is named because of the luxuriant kapok on the post.
Haizhu Temple, built on Haizhu Stone, was located in the area from Xindi Erheng Road to Xindi Yiheng Road on the north side of Jiangxi Road. The kapok trees outside the temple bloom like a red cloud. The Qing "Notes on South Vietnam" said: "The Kapok of the South China Sea Temple is the most prosperous when it blooms, and the same is true of the Haizhu Temple." ”
In the Qing Dynasty, Haidong Temple covers a vast area, the kapok in the temple is towering, and when the flowers bloom, they are as bright as the morning sun, the so-called "yingjie huang bamboo green, dazzling kapok red". Unfortunately, only one kapok tree remains today, at the train of the original Hypertherm playground.
It is the Shore Temple, the former site is in the area of today's Yungui Street Primary School in Xiaogang, Henan, which is very close to Xiaogangyong. Outside the temple, "in March, the kapok is red like fire, and the willows in the creek are green and smokey." The beauty of the scenery is well known. After the Republic of China, the temple was destroyed, and the scenery gradually disappeared.
Mianzhou Academy, one of the three major colleges in Fangcun in the late Qing Dynasty, the former site is in the present-day Chongkou Street, surrounded by water on all sides, covering an area of about 10 acres. There are many kapok trees that are several meters high, and the name of Mianzhou Academy is derived from this.
Shimagang, in present-day Xiaogang Park. The post is full of all kinds of ancient trees, red cotton flying feathers, and pines. Gang Slightly East, Liu Wangdian (now the area around the Park Boy Lin), is said to have built a palace by King Liu of the Southern Han Dynasty (Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period). Qing Lu Fang Pei poem: "The stone horse has a gang existence, and the King of Liu has no soil evidence." In the sunset sky mountain, red cotton flew wildly. ”
The Kapok of Baiyun Mountain was quite famous in both the Ming and Qing dynasties. The poem "Baiyun Mountain" by the early Ming poet Sun Rui already has the sentence "Kapok falls on the partridge cries, and the day before the Han Dynasty is not in the west". Zhang Qiao, a famous singer and prostitute at the end of the Ming Dynasty, was quite talented and a frequent guest of Baiyun Mountain, and one of her poems, Yongyun Mountain Life, wrote: "February is a rainy day for the clouds, and kapok is like fire willows like smoke." ”
Yunquan Mountain Pavilion, the predecessor of the Baiyunxian Hall on Luhu Road, was written by the Qing Dynasty scholar Weng Fanggang in the poem "Yunquan Mountain Pavilion": "Calamus tendon bamboo is mixed with green, kapok wind intersects lychees." ”
The Shuangxi Ancient Temple is on Baiyun Mountain, and Dai Jitao, a prominent figure of the Republic of China who was the president of Sun Yat-sen University, once wrote a couplet for this temple: "The four clouds and mountains are condensed, and the five sheep are drunk with red cotton in spring." "It shows the tranquility of the environment of this temple and the prosperity of kapok."
Guangzhou in the Qing Dynasty is the dynasty with the most private gardens in history, these private gardens are planted with various flowers and trees, kapok is the main tree species, even the American garden and the British garden in the Thirteen Elements period of the Qing Dynasty are also planted with kapok.
Incidentally, in the Qing Dynasty, people used to mark the change of climate with the withering glory of kapok. During the Daoguang years (1821-1850) and Guangxu Nongchen (1892), there was a cold attack in Guangzhou, and Xu Ke, a minchu man in the late Qing Dynasty, recorded in the "Qing Barnyard Notes": "It snowed suddenly on November 28, the next day was cold, there were ice strips at the cornices, and the kapok trees withered, and they were resurrected in a few years. The same is true of the smell of light. ”
Written/Courtesy of Feng Peizu
(Source: Yangcheng Evening News)
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【Welcome to contribute】
Attached: "My Yuexiu Mountain Story" media collection notice
Yuexiu Park is the largest comprehensive park in Guangzhou, named after zhao Tuo, the king of the Southern Yue Dynasty of the Western Han Dynasty, who once built the "Chao Han Tai" on the mountain, and is the starting point of Guangzhou's historical context and the concentrated representative of Lingnan culture, and has been one of the eight scenic spots of Yangcheng since the Yuan Dynasty. On Yuexiu Mountain, there are guangzhou city standard "Five Sheep Stone Statue", Lingnan's first scenic spot "Zhenhai Tower", guangzhou's only remaining Ming Dynasty ancient city wall, there are Qing Dynasty four-square forts, there is the Republic of China's "Sun Yat-sen Monument", there is the famous Yuexiu Mountain Stadium and so on. With a beautiful ecological environment and rich history and culture, it is a famous and important tourist attraction in Guangzhou for generations. In order to attract more citizens to participate in the in-depth excavation of the history and culture of Yuexiu Mountain and the protection of intangible cultural heritage, Yuexiu Park has jointly launched the "My Yuexiu Mountain Story" media collection activity in conjunction with the Guangdong Provincial Cultural Society, the City Voice of Guangdong Radio and Television Station, the Guangdong Radio and Television Station Sound Creation Media Studio, the Guangdong Cantonese Language Art Troupe and other units to dig deep into the charm of the millennium Yuexiu Mountain and show the style of the great american Sheep City.
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Source: Guangdong Cultural Society He Media Studio
Publisher: Ho Jin Tak Director Studio (Media Matrix)
Editor-in-charge: He Jinde