Sugar was a sweet wealth for the rulers of the colonies, and "bitter" for the Cantonese who set out from the Nanyue Ancient Yidao to seek survival opportunities. The capital of Indonesia, Jakarta, formerly known as Batavia, has been inhabited since the Han Dynasty, and the construction of the city is closely related to many Tang people who crossed the sea in Guangdong, especially the Hakka and Chaoshan people who set off from Zhanglin Ancient Port, Songkou Port and Shantou Xidi Wharf.
The picture shows the memorial column of the Shantou Overseas Chinese Monument, indicating that it is 1922 nautical miles away from Jakarta.
Batavia developed in the midst of a number of European East India companies, the Portuguese were allowed to establish a port in Jakarta for defense in 1522, Dutch ships arrived in 1598, and the English East India Company in 1602.
The coat of arms of the Dutch East India Empire is on the left, and the coat of arms of the Dutch East India Company in 1654 and the Dutch East India Company on the right.
Jakarta, known as batavia during the colonial period of the Dutch East India Company, was a branch of the Germanic people. The English arrived first in 1602, but in 1619 the Dutch defeated the English and the local rulers, and the land was completely controlled by the Dutch East India Company. The city already had a coat of arms in 1620, also determined by the East India Company as governor, a blue sword and garland. In 1610, the Dutch began to come to Jakarta, and Jan Pieterszoon Coen (1587-1629) of the East India Company twice served as governor of the Dutch East India Company, conquering Indonesia and establishing Jakarta. Jakarta, formerly known as batavia, was the name given to the Dutch people living on the border between the Netherlands and Germany during the Roman period. The new city emblem was not used at independence, and the city emblem now used is the Monument to Freedom and Independence in the city center square, flanked by figures of rice ears and cotton.
The picture shows the city emblem of Jakarta and the emblem of the Dutch colonial period in 1620.
The 1681 port map of Jakarta, the Netherlands, reflects the ambition of Dutch expansion, and above the map is batavia's coat of arms, using baroque expression, and from the map, it can also be reflected that the fortress architecture is the origin of urban development.
The left picture shows the port plan of Jakarta in 1627; the right picture shows the port plan of Jakarta in the Netherlands in 1681, and the top of the map is the coat of arms of Batavia.
This map is a plan of the evolution of Jakarta from 1619 to 1667, reflecting the development of 50 years, and the coat of arms of Batavia and the coat of arms of the East India Company are drawn in the upper left and right corners of the map.
The picture shows the evolution of Jakarta from 1619 to 1667.
Ariaan Valckenier (1695-1751), governor of the Dutch East India Company, was an important figure in the development of Jakarta.
Ariaan valckenier (1695-1751), governor of the Dutch East India Company, painted by the Dutch painter Theodorus justinus rheen (1695-1751) in 1737, in the Amsterdam Fine Arts Gallery.
The family coat of arms appears in the portrait, indicating his identity, and in the lower left corner there are three coats of arms, one of which is the coat of arms of Batavia. Sandwiched in the left-hand-held book was a stack of paper with the mark of the Dutch East India Company. Among the heraldic porcelains in the collection of the Guangdong Provincial Museum, there are several pieces of heraldic porcelain of the Hualgenier family related to ariaan valckenier (1695-1751), the governor of the Dutch East India Company, which should be customized by the governor. There are two forms, one of which has a depiction of the emblem of the Walgenier family in the center of the porcelain plate, and the British scholar Ke Rose's study of the four open lights on the edge of the plate identifies three landscapes representing three places: the king william gate in cleves, a dutch town, and the port warehouse in Batavia (i.e., Jakarta). Clive is now a border city between Germany and the Netherlands, owned by the Dutch Republic during the Dutch Thirty Years' War in the 17th century.
The picture shows the heraldic porcelain of the coat of arms of the Guangcai Huaergenier family, 1735-1740, in the Guangdong Provincial Museum. There is also a landscape painting of heraldic porcelain of the Ergenier family coat of arms, 1735-1740, in the Guangdong Provincial Museum.
The Walhenier family of Adrar was closely associated with the development of the Dutch East India Company, his father was an official of the East India Company, and his ancestor Gillis Valckenier (1623-1680) joined the East India Company in 1649, became a senior manager of the East India Company in 1667, and served in the city of Amsterdam for 9 years at different times. Azor left the Netherlands in 1714 to start overseas trade, and in 1737 became governor of the Dutch East India Company, where he created the "Batavia massacre", in which tens of thousands of Chinese were killed in Jakarta, Indonesia, and he was arrested and imprisoned in 1741.
Walhenel ordered at least 15 sets of heraldic porcelain tableware, for a total of 3500-4000 pieces, of which 1000-1200 pieces were preserved. The edge of this plate uses ink techniques to outline the copied patterns on the copperplate engraving. [1] At present, many museums around the world have this series of heraldic porcelain, and the Victoria-Albert Museum in the United Kingdom also collects the same heraldic plates as the Guangdong Museum.
The "Red Creek Massacre", a chinese massacre that shocked the world in the 18th century by inhumane colonists, was originally known as the Angke River, which flowed through Malaysia and Indonesia, including Jakarta. At the beginning of the Dutch colonists' construction of Batavia (i.e., Jakarta), labor was scarce, and the Dutch colonists recruited a large number of Chinese laborers to build Batavia through various measures, or engaged in sugar, winemaking and other industries, and attracted Chinese merchant ships to trade here. Due to the rapid development of Brazil's sugar industry, the economy of Batavia's sugar industry has declined, a large number of Chinese have lost their jobs, and society has been unstable. "The Dutch, seeing the Tang Dynasty growing in popularity, gradually became tired of thinness, re-exploited, and expropriated indiscriminately." Dutch colonists began to hunt down the Chinese and send them to the Dutch colony of Ceylon to work as laborers. At this time, the Chinese organized for self-defense to prepare for resistance, but on October 9, 1740, they were suppressed by the colonial authorities led by Adra, about 10,000 Chinese were killed, and the Chinese patients in the hospital were not spared, and the blood flowed into a river, staining the Hongxi River flowing through the Chinese settlement in Jakarta, also known in history as the "Red Creek Massacre". ［2］
The Dutch East India Company established a colonial city in Jakarta, known as the Dutch East India Empire, under which Indonesia was under its colonial rule from 1800 to 1942.
The Dutch East India Company established a trading post in Indonesia in 1603, making huge profits and expanding Jakarta into a large port. When returning to Europe, they would trade off the coast of China before returning to Europe via the Cape of Good Hope. Due to corruption and declining demand for consumer goods in the East by the European market, the company went bankrupt, but the governor of the Dutch East India Company became the governor of the Dutch East India Empire and continued colonial rule.
The decline of Jakarta's sugar industry is inseparable from the Sugar Industry in the Americas, and the Cantonese once again crossed the ocean to the Americas to act as coolies. During this period of history, a large number of Chinese coolie came to the Americas, and the first voyage to the British colony of Trinidad in the Americas was in 1806. In 1532, it became a Spanish colony, and in 1802 the British vigorously competed for it, becoming a British colony. China's coolies nominally came from contracts, but many of them were full of fraud and deception, and in 1847 five ports were opened due to the unequal Treaty of Nanking, and the export of coolies was very active in coastal port cities. After 1847, from Fujian and Guangdong ports began to send a large number of Chinese coolies to Peru and Cuba to engage in sugarcane cultivation, sea guano, mining silver and other coolie work. Some researchers believe that the life of Chinese coolies is more difficult than that of slaves. According to relevant statistics, from 1847 to 1859, the death rate on the route from China to Cuba was 15%, and more than two-thirds of Chinese the coolies who arrived in Peru died before the end of their contracts.
Think of the tears of the ancestors who boarded the ship at the ancient port of Zhanglin and left the last stone steps of the dock, because the unknown life and death of the navigation drifted only for a mouthful of food, and the long roar of the sky was a helpless sigh of the poor and weak dynasty.
exegesis:
1. (English) Ke Rose (English) Meng Luxia, translated by Zhang Chunchun, Porcelain for Export in China, Shanghai Calligraphy and Painting Publishing House, 2014, 7 pp
2. People's Daily Overseas Daily, October 31, 2006
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