In the teacher recruitment examination, there are always many similar knowledge points, which are difficult to distinguish, resulting in difficulties in students' memorization and easy to miss correct answers in the examination process. In order to help everyone solve this problem, today's teacher helps you sort out some common but easily confused knowledge points to help you solve the difficulty of recognition.
1. Educational philosophy
(1) The father of pedagogy, comenius's 1632 publication of The Great Teaching Theory marked the beginning of pedagogy as an independent discipline.
(2) The father of psychology, Wundt established the world's first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig in Germany in 1879, marking the birth of scientific psychology.
(3) The father of educational psychology, the founder of educational psychology, Thorndike, 1903 "Educational Psychology" of the work marks the formal birth of educational psychology as an independent discipline.
2. Traditional education vs modern education
(1) The father of scientific pedagogy, the father of normative pedagogy, the father of modern pedagogy, and the representative of traditional education, the publication of Hurlbut's "General Pedagogy" in 1806 marked pedagogy as a normative and independent discipline, advocating the traditional three centers of teachers, teaching materials and classrooms.
(2) The representative figure of modern education, Dewey's "Democracy and Education", advocates the new three centers of children (students), experience, and activities.
3. Early childhood education concept
(1) The father of the world's preschool education, Froebel, the world's first kindergarten in 1840.
(2) Chen Heqin, the father of Chinese preschool education, founded China's first kindergarten in 1923, Nanjing Drum Tower Kindergarten.
(3) Tao Xingzhi, the father of rural preschool education in China, was praised by Mao Zedong as China's greatest people's educator, and founded China's first rural kindergarten, Nanjing Yanziji Kindergarten, in 1927.
(4) Rousseau, the representative figure of modern Enlightenment education, wrote "Emile", advocating the educational thought of naturalism.
(5) The father of loving children, Pestellozi was the first to put forward the idea of "psychologicalization" of education.
4. Concept point of view class
(1) The father of civilian education, Yan Yangchu, advocated civilian education, and the purpose of education was to "make the unemployed have a job, and the unemployed have a happy career."
(2) Huang Yanpei, the father of vocational education, advocated vocational education.
(3) The father of modern curriculum, the father of curriculum theory, and the father of curriculum evaluation, Taylor, was the first to propose the target model of curriculum design.
5. The earliest concept of lifelong education
(1) The concept of lifelong education was first proposed, and Yexley published the world's first lifelong education monograph "Lifelong Education" in 1929, and the term lifelong education was first proposed.
(2) The father of lifelong education, Paul Langrand, in the 1960s, "Lifelong Education" marked the conceptualization and systematization of the idea of lifelong education.
(3) The lifelong education system was finally formed, and the 1996 UNESCO report "Education - Where Wealth Is Hidden" marked the final formation of lifelong education.
6. The earliest word for education
(1) The first to put forward the word "education" was Mencius, and the book "Mencius Dedication to the Heart" proposed that "a gentleman has three pleasures, but the king of the world does not exist with him." Parents exist, brothers have no reason, and one is happy; Look up to the heavens, bow down to people, and erle also; To be educated by the world's talents, the three pleasures are also."
(2) The word "education" was first interpreted separately, Xu Shen, the work "Explanation of Words", proposed that "teaching, the effect of the upper and lower, the nurturing, the adopted son to make the good also".
7. The earliest of the class
(1) The term "class" was first proposed, Erasmus.
(2) The earliest theoretical discussion of the class teaching system, Comenius.
(3) China was the first to implement the class teaching system, and in 1862 the Qing government established the Beijing Normal Division TongwenGuan in Beijing.
(4) The earliest to be promulgated in the form of a decree, the Nongyin School System in 1902.
(5) The earliest class teaching system was extended to the whole country, and the decoction school system in 1904 was introduced.
(6) A sign of the general implementation of the class teaching system, the abolition of the imperial examination in 1905, and the revival of the school.
8. The earliest of morality
(1) The first two words "Tao" and "Virtue" were proposed, Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching.
(2) The term "morality" was first proposed, Xun Zi's "Persuasion".
9. The earliest writing
(1) The earliest work in China and the world devoted to education and teaching issues, Le Zhengke's "Xueji".
(2) The earliest pedagogical work in the West, the earliest book in the world to study pedagogy, Kun Tiliang's "Principles of Eloquence", also known as "On the Education of Orators".
10. The earliest inspirational educational ideas
(1) China and the world's earliest proposed heuristic educational ideas, Confucius, advocating the idea of "no anger, no enlightenment, no shame and no hair", is embodied in the work "Analects".
(2) The West first proposed heuristic teaching, Socrates, advocated midwifery, also known as the question-and-answer method, including sarcasm, midwifery, induction and definition.
11. Naturalistic educational thought
(1) For the first time, the principle of "education follows nature" was proposed, advocating a harmonious and all-round education, and the earliest idea of dividing the educational stages according to the characteristics of children's physical and mental development, Aristotle.
(2) Taoism advocates that "the Tao Fa is natural and ruled by doing nothing."
(3) Proposed that education should follow the principle of natural human development, Comenius.
(4) Advocating the idea of naturalistic education, Rousseau.
12. The earliest Marxist ideological viewpoint
(1) The world's first Marxist work on pedagogy, Kerov's "Pedagogy".
(2) China's first Marxist pedagogical work, Yang Xianjiang's "New Education Outline".
13. Teaching process
ancient times:
(1) Confucius: Learning, Thinking, and Acting.
(2) Mencius: smell, see, know, act.
(3) "Etiquette: The Middle Way": erudition, interrogation, contemplation, discernment, and perseverance.
(4) Socrates: cross-examination, midwifery.
(5) Kun Ti Liang: imitation, theory, practice.
Modern:
(1) Comenius: imitation, deviation, correction.
(2) Hurlbut: clear (clear), joint (associative), systematic, method (four-paragraph pedagogy).
(3) Ziller: preparation (asking questions, stating the destination), prompting (prompting new courses, explaining new teaching materials), combining, summarizing, applying (five-paragraph teaching method).
nowadays:
(1) Dewey: difficulties, problems, hypotheses, validations, conclusions (five-step pedagogy).
(2) China's education circles (since the 1980s): arouse curiosity (stimulate learning motivation), perceive teaching materials, understand teaching materials, consolidate knowledge, apply knowledge, and examine knowledge.
The above is the relevant content of the "father" and "earliest" of pedagogy that is easy to confuse knowledge, and I hope to help you.