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From the beginning of the last century, with the development of the times, some Western capitalist countries gradually completed the industrial revolution one after another, began to enter a new era of development, at that time China in the Ming Dynasty after Zheng He went to the West, began to implement a sea ban, restricting China's exchanges with other countries, and in the northern region of the Ming Great Wall is also a symbol of the Ming Dynasty began to lock the country, to the Qing Dynasty, the Yongzheng Emperor ordered that foreign missionaries were not allowed to enter China to preach, and trade at that time was also restricted. This is the beginning of the Qing Dynasty's lockdown, due to the long-term implementation of the closed country, which was a serious obstacle to China at that time in terms of foreign economy, science and culture, with the passage of time, later China also slowly began to disconnect from the world, and gradually became behind the world. Later, some Western powers noticed the situation in China and began to invade on a large scale, and after the outbreak of the Xinhai Revolution on October 10, 1911, the absolute monarchy in our country was finally overthrown, so the revolutionary force became stronger and stronger, but later, due to the internal struggle between the revolutionary forces, in the 1920s, the Communist Party of China appeared on the Chinese political stage.
Closed to the outside world
Because the democratic policy of the Communist Party was loved by the people, this revolutionary force also became stronger and stronger, and later, it gradually became a huge force that could compete with the Chinese Kuomintang at that time, and with the arrival of August 15, 1945, after the Japanese side announced its unconditional surrender, the Fourteen-year War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression finally came to an end, but at this time the Kuomintang reactionaries launched a full-scale civil war, so that China at that time became war-torn again, in order to completely overthrow the Kuomintang reactionaries In the course of this war of liberation that lasted more than three years, such a battle took place, and this battle was also the largest and fiercest battle of the People's Liberation Army in the process of liberating the Great Northwest, which was the Battle of Lanzhou in 1949, in which all the officers and men of the People's Liberation Army fought bravely, and finally at the cost of 8,700 casualties. More than 27,000 Kuomintang troops were eliminated, and Lanzhou was finally successfully liberated.
The Chinese Communist Party has entered the political arena
In July 1947, after the Battle of Fumei, the Kuomintang's Hu Zongnan troops retreated to the area south of the Qin Mountains, and our army also successfully liberated Xi'an, and Ma Bufang, the commander of the Northwest Military administration, and Ma Hongkui, the deputy commander of the Northwest Army, in order to block the march of our army to the west, they later retreated to Lanzhou and some other northern areas, these two people were called Erma, but both of them looked at each other unfavorably, and in mid-August 1949, the internal high level of the Kuomintang army held a meeting. The main content of this was to discuss the military deployment of the northwestern joint defense, and at this meeting drew up a battle plan for Lanzhou, and the Kuomintang top brass intended to use the strength of the four armies under Ma Bufang's command, as well as a total of more than 90,000 cavalry, plus the fortifications of Lanzhou and the Yellow River, this natural barrier to resist the westward advancing People's Liberation Army, and then Ma Hongkui and Hu Zongnan took advantage of this opportunity to carry out the arrogant plan of encircling our army and trying to eat our army.
Battle of Fumei
In addition to being the capital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou was also the second largest city in the northwest region, and at that time it was also Ma Bufang's old lair, the city faced the Yellow River in the north, and relied on the mountains in the south, and the terrain was also very dangerous, and there were fortifications built over the years, and the road to Lanzhou City was also connected with some important positions, thus forming a well-established defensive front, with such a defense, the Kuomintang army was also arrogantly declared. The city is an unbreakable fortress, at this time, The commander in charge of our army, General Manager Peng, has already felt that Ma Bufang intends to hold on to lanzhou city, so he said that the opportunity has come, because if the Kuomintang army does not choose to engage our army head-on, but chooses to flee on all sides to carry out guerrilla warfare with our army, then our army will have to waste more time if it wants to destroy these two horses, and if these two people flee to the Xinjiang region at that time, it will be even more troublesome. Therefore, Mr. Peng also made the current strategic deployment very decisively, and he ordered the Sixty-fourth Army of the Nineteenth Corps to ambush Guyuan and Haiyuan and other places, so as to contain Ma Hongkui and prevent him from sending troops to Lanzhou.
Lanzhou, Gansu
The Eighteenth Corps and the Seventh Army went to Baoji and Tianshui to contain Hu Zongnan's troops and ensure the safety of the side of our army's large troops, and the large troops of the Nineteenth Corps of our army were for the Right Route Army, all the way along the Lanxi Road, to the east of Lanzhou, and waited until the Second Corps took Taosha, and then launched an attack on Lanzhou from south to north, and the main force of the First Corps was the Left Route Army, attacking Linxia and Xunhua head-on, and then crossing the Yellow River from the north, as long as this battle plan was successful. It was able to cut off Ma Bufang's retreat, and then the Northwest Field Army, under the command of General Peng, marched toward the northwest region with great momentum, and when the soldiers crossed the Yellow River, Mr. Peng and others also archaeologized the living habits of the local Hui people, did not take away pork and lard, and left them behind, so the speed of our army's march also became faster, and when the Kuomintang army heard the news, their internal worries also began to arise, and Ma Hongkui did not launch support to Lanzhou.
After ma Bufang transferred the command of the army to Ma Jiyuan, who was also Ma Bufang's eldest son, after obtaining the military power, Ma Jiyuan planned to use the natural barrier in the Lanzhou area in a vain attempt to seriously damage our army in the great northwest region After two days of fierce fighting, our army was unsuccessful in capturing the enemy's position, and the troops at all levels also suffered different degrees of casualties, including nearly eight hundred casualties in the Sixty-fifth Army alone. In order to prevent the casualties of the troops from increasing, Mr. Peng immediately ordered the suspension of the attack on the enemy.
Ma Jiyuan
After that, Mr. Peng said to the commanders and fighters at all levels that he should let everyone learn the lessons and experience of this time, and analyze the enemy's fortifications and terrain conditions, and then make plans after making adjustments, and Mr. Peng himself also made a profound reflection, in addition, he personally went to the position to check the enemy's situation, in the process of exploration, found that the enemy's main force was stationed in the Nanshan area, and the guards in the east and west areas were relatively weak, so the Yellow River Iron Bridge located in the north was the enemy's only back road. Therefore, Mr. Peng also put forward the key strategy for liberating Lanzhou, that is, to destroy the enemy's main forces, capture the Nanshan position, and occupy the Yellow River Iron Bridge, at this moment when Ma Jiyuan in Lanzhou learned of this short victory, he also became more arrogant, at this moment Ma Jiyuan was overwhelmed and thought that the northwest region and Lanzhou were firmly in his hands, and also thought that our army would flee to Lanzhou, after he informed Ma Bufang of this news, Ma Bufang reminded him not to be too arrogant. A bigger test is yet to come.
By August 25, 1949, our army's general offensive against the liberation of Lanzhou was also officially launched, and when the battle began, our Northwest Field Army used various types of artillery to carry out a fierce bombardment on the hilltop position where the enemy was stationed, and for a time the entire position of the Kuomintang army was also covered by artillery fire and became full of smoke, and the soldiers of the Sixty-third Army launched an attack on Doujia mountain with a total of three regiments of troops, and the soldiers of the Sixty-fifth Army attacked Gucheng Ridge with the strength of five regiments. This battle also lasted from dawn to five o'clock in the afternoon of the same day, and the whole battle was more tragic than the attack on Doujiashan, the Sixth Army also launched an attack on Yingpanling with the strength of five regiments, and after our soldiers conquered Yingpanling, they still held there, repelling many counterattacks from the enemy, the battle lasted for more than ten hours, and the Fourth Army attacked Shenjialing with the strength of three regiments, and this battle lasted for a total of fourteen hours before and after. And the fighting here is also the most intense.
Battle of Lanzhou
Shenjialing as a whole is from south to north, a gourd-shaped mountain beam formed by two highlands, its area is only about 0.4 square kilometers, the middle is like a saddle downward depression, this place is not only guarding the highway, but also the Nanshan position, the closest place to the Yellow River Iron Bridge, so it is called "lock key" is also very in line with the situation, the slope of the east of Shenjialing is relatively small, the west is mostly cliffs and rocks, the battle to attack Shenjialing began at 60 a.m., The Thirty-first Regiment of the Eleventh Division of our Fourth Army was responsible for the frontal attack, the Thirty-second Regiment was responsible for assisting on the left, and the Thirty-third Regiment was responsible for assisting on the right.
Shen Jialing
In the whole battle, the Thirty-second Regiment, which was responsible for the left assist, suffered the heaviest casualties, because this unit was heavily attacked by the main force of the Majia Army, and when the battle was over, the soldiers of the Thirty-second Regiment survived less than a hundred people, and in the early morning, the battle to attack Shenjialing was also carried out to the most tragic time, and the damage of our party army and the Kuomintang army was relatively large, on the narrow position of Shenjialing. The two sides had a total of about 4,000 troops fighting to the death on the west side and the south above the Shenjialing position, adding up to no more than three or four hundred meters above the narrow front, and before attacking Shenjialing, our Party troops in charge of attacking here received orders to take the Shenjialing position at all costs and gain a foothold on it, and the enemy was also ordered not to abandon this position, so they used counter-charge tactics, so the two sides constantly threw troops into the battle.
In the afternoon of the same day, the soldiers of our army finally repelled the last round of large-scale counterattack of the Majia army after arduous fighting, and by this time, the Majia army in the Shenjialing position was no longer able to fight, and after five o'clock in the afternoon, although the enemy had no support troops to come, they still carried out many small counterattacks, and the soldiers of our army saw this opportunity and decisively pursued. The remnants of the Majiajun soldiers here were forced to retreat to the last line of defense of the Shenjialing position, and at six o'clock in the evening, the soldiers of our army also launched a large-scale all-round charge, and in the face of the menacing battle of the soldiers of our army, the soldiers of the Majiajun army were also panicked at once, and they also immediately chose not to hold on, but fled everywhere, and our army's attack on Shenjialing this time was also a very important role in the liberation of Lanzhou later, and Mr. Peng also knew that only by taking Shenjialing down, In order to have a greater impact on the overall defense line of the Ma family army.
Battle of Shenjialing
The western defensive line of the Majiajun army in Shenjialing was no longer protected, and the Nationalist officers who had already failed all agreed, because the defenders of the Shenjialing position had collapsed early, so it led to the overall defeat that followed, and after dawn, Ma Jiyuan, who was stuck in the city of Lanzhou, received news that many positions on the front line had been captured by the People's Liberation Army, and at this time Ma Hongkui had been unwilling to send troops to support, because the right defensive line of Lanzhou had been breached by our soldiers in the previous few days. Most of the soldiers of the Ma family army have also become without fighting spirit, so Ma Jiyuan fled Lanzhou city with the headquarters of the Eighty-second Army in order to save his life, and after this fierce battle, our army also has a new understanding of the Ma family army, the combat effectiveness of this unit is still relatively strong in the Kuomintang army, so after Ma Jiyuan fled with the troops, he did not immediately pursue Ma Jiyuan, but chose to rest here as a whole, ready to use a steady method to fight the enemy. But in fact, the Ma family army had already been in chaos, and did not think so much at all, their large army carried all kinds of supplies, including all kinds of cars, as well as some livestock and wounded, all of which rushed towards the iron bridge of the Yellow River.
Due to the large-scale evacuation of the Kuomintang troops, for a time also caused a lot of traffic jams to the Yellow River Iron Bridge area at that time, but also caused very serious inconvenience to the follow-up evacuation of the Majia Army's large troops, if at this time our soldiers took advantage of the victory to pursue, there will be a great possibility of annihilating the remnants of the Majia Army here, and in the early morning of August 26, after the soldiers of the Seventh Division of the Third Army under the command of the Second Corps of our army captured the Qili River, After more than ten hours of fierce fighting, the soldiers of our Party's People's Liberation Army also succeeded in successfully defeating the stubborn enemy who was stubbornly defending the bridge here, and also cut off the rest of the Kuomintang Majia Army troops who continued to flee in Lanzhou City, because the remnants of the Majia Army that were originally in Lanzhou City fled everywhere, so after that, the plagiants of our Party's People's Liberation Army fought all the way to Lanzhou City, and used the autumn wind to sweep away the fallen leaves. Soon the enemies hiding in the city were quickly eliminated, and the city of Lanzhou was successfully liberated.
The city of Lanzhou was liberated
In this battle, the soldiers of the People's Liberation Army in northwest China wiped out as many as 27,000 Kuomintang troops and captured about 14,400 enemy troops; in addition, in the process of crossing the Yellow River, the Kuomintang troops also fell into the water for more than 2,000 people, while the soldiers of our People's Liberation Army suffered a total of more than 8,700 casualties. But after the end of the battle, there were only a few hundred people left, these brave heroes for the sake of Chinese people's liberation cause, crushed to pieces, not afraid of sacrifice, their spirit is always worthy of our study and commemoration, the time came to the second day of the liberation of Lanzhou, at this time Ma Hongkui also knew that his situation was already very dangerous, seeing that the general situation was gone, he immediately fled to the Chongqing area with his family, and on August 28, the soldiers of the People's Liberation Army of our party continued to march toward Xining in Qinghai Province.
The Nationalist army was annihilated by 27,000 men
After that, the PLA soldiers began to cross the river in Yongjing in Gansu and Xunhua in Qinghai, and when the PLA soldiers crossed the Yellow River, they also advanced all the way, successfully liberated the Minhe and Hualong of Qinghai, and then after resting, began to march towards Xining, when Ma Bufang and his son Ma Jiyuan heard the news, they also immediately fled to the Chongqing area by plane, and on September 5, the First Corps successfully liberated Xining, and the remaining Nationalist party troops here also surrendered, and by the middle of September, All areas in Qinghai Province were liberated, and at this point the Kuomintang army was annihilated by our Party's People's Liberation Army, which also opened the door for the soldiers of our Party's People's Liberation Army to march into the Ningxia region and the Xinjiang region, thus laying the foundation for our Party's Northwest Field Army to liberate the entire territory of the Great Northwest Region.
Liberate the Great Northwest
The Kuomintang troops who were entrenched in the city of Lanzhou, taking advantage of the fortifications in the city and the natural barrier of Lanzhou City, launched a fierce counterattack against our army, causing a very heavy casualty cost to our army, after this battle, the Northwest Field Army had nearly nine thousand or so fighters, sacrificed in the battle to liberate Lanzhou, although these soldiers died, but their heroic souls will be immortal. Because in this battle, the soldiers of the People's Liberation Army of our army suffered heavy losses, so this Battle of Lanzhou is also called the liberation war in the northwest region of our country, the largest scale, the most tragic battle process of an urban offensive battle, in this battle to liberate Lanzhou, one of the ten marshals of our country, Mr. Peng, also personally went to the front line to check the situation of the enemy, in the war, we can respect and lovely people's Liberation Army soldiers fought bravely, sacrificed their lives for righteousness, many of whom were battalion commanders, The regimental commander-level cadres are all fighting in the forefront and fighting the enemy to the death, and the actions shown by these fighters also prove very well their heroic spirit of fighting for the people in order to liberate the whole of China, as well as the fearless spirit of the soldiers who fight bravely and are not afraid of sacrifice.
The heroism of the soldiers of the People's Liberation Army
These PLA soldiers have thrown their full blood for the liberation of Lanzhou, the liberation of the Great Northwest, and the liberation of all of China, and even paid their precious lives, the spirit and courage of these heroes are a good example that we should always learn from, the victory of this battle to liberate Lanzhou is inseparable from the military deployment and strategic command of President Peng, before the battle, President Peng accurately implemented the decisions issued by the leadership of the Party Central Committee, and implemented them in the whole campaign, making outstanding contributions to the liberation of Lanzhou. In the campaign to liberate Lanzhou, Mr. Peng and the troops at all levels worked together, and in just two weeks, they defeated the Kuomintang Ma family army led by Ma Bufang, completely crushing their daydreams of continuing to occupy the northwest region.
Ma Bufang
Time flies fast, seventy-two years have passed since the original Lanzhou Campaign, in order to let our descendants always remember the immortal history of more than seventy years ago, but also to remember the heroic sacrifices of the Platon Soldiers in the Lanzhou Campaign, in 1955, in the Lanzhou City Martyrs Cemetery, the memorial hall of the Lanzhou Battle was installed, and in 2008, the memorial hall was rebuilt, and on September 28, 2009, The newly renovated Lanzhou Battle Memorial Hall is also officially open to the public, which preserves some of the historical relics in the battles at that time, and is also an important place for local patriotic education and revolutionary traditional education. That's all there is to it, if you have anything you want to say, feel free to leave a comment in the comment area below!
How tragic was the Battle of Lanzhou on the eve of the founding of the People's Republic of China? In the end, there were only a few dozen people left in a regiment, and Peng Zong wept for it