Old Zhoushan Road Ancient
Issue 140
Zhoushan Radio and Television WeChat "Old Zhoushan Daogu" column
(Formerly "Professor Wang's Class" column)
Tell you about it
The culture, memories and stories of Zhoushan...
Do you know silver dollar coupons?
This issue of laozhoushan road ancient
Teacher Lin Bin told you about it
Issued by the Bank of Zhejiang Province in the Zhoushan Islands
The last set of silver dollar coupons on the mainland
The story behind ↓↓↓
The Bank of Zhejiang Province was the central institution of local finance in Zhejiang Province during the Republic of China period, and the earliest office in Zhoushan was set up on February 5, 1937, and the address was in the north of NanzhenQiao, the south gate of Dinghai. On April 1 of the same year, shenjiamen branch office opened on Heling Road. After the beginning of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the head office of the Zhejiang Provincial Bank was ordered to retreat to Lishui in 1937 and moved the important material money to the Nanping Branch in Fujian Province. In July 1939, due to the tense situation of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Dinghai Office and the Shenjiamen Branch Office were moved to Ningbo, and then to Lishui with the Ningbo Branch. In order to cooperate with military supplies and civilian food in the early days of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the local bank of Zhejiang was the first agricultural loan business in the country at that time, which was very influential.
After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the local banks of Zhejiang Province reorganized their institutions and businesses, and the provincial branches that were originally withdrawn to Lishui and Yongkang were gradually restored, the Dinghai office was also resumed at this time, and the institutions in other provinces were gradually abolished. On July 3, 1947, the provincial local bank was renamed the Bank of Zhejiang Province, still changed to the head office system, and the address was located in Zhongshan Middle Road, Hangzhou. In May 1949, on the eve of the liberation of Ningbo, Wei Baotai, general manager of Ningbo Branch, brought a group of personnel to Dinghai.
At the end of April 1949, the Kuomintang Zhejiang Provincial Military and Political Personnel began to evacuate to Ningbo, and on May 3, the Kuomintang troops blew up the Qiantang River Bridge, and except for the disbandment of low-level staff, the rest of the military and political personnel were concentrated in Ningbo. On the 23rd, Zhou Yan, chairman of the Kuomintang Zhejiang Provincial Government, once again led military and political personnel to retreat from Ningbo to Dinghai. On the 27th, some of the defeated Kuomintang troops in Shanghai also collapsed to the Zhoushan Islands, and tens of thousands of people, including the governments of Jiangsu, Anhui, and other provinces, as well as dozens of government-in-exile governments of the Kuomintang who had been liberated, as well as military and political personnel and family members of military organizations such as the Zhejiang Provincial Security Command, the Jiangsu Provincial Security Command, and the First Appeasement District, have retreated to the Zhoushan Islands. The Zhejiang Provincial Government merged with the withdrawn Bank of Zhejiang, the Ningbo Branch of the Bank of Zhejiang and the Dinghai Office of the Bank of Zhejiang province to reorganize and establish the "Zhejiang Provincial Bank Headquarters", with Chen Baolin, director of the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Finance of the Kuomintang, as the chairman of the board, and Wei Baotai, the former president of the Ningbo Branch, as the general manager, and the former Dinghai Office as the head office, and the Shenjiamen Branch Office into an office (the number of personnel increased to 9 at that time). Due to the shortage of auxiliary coins, the Dinghai Chamber of Commerce came forward to use silver horns and copper dollars to find change, and after the issuance of silver dollar coupons in July, the shortage of auxiliary coins could not be solved, so the Bank of Zhejiang Province issued a total amount of 5,000 yuan for the two corners and five corners of promissory notes, which circulated on behalf of the auxiliary coins, and then recovered them in full.
After the liberation of Guangzhou in October 1949, the Ningbo branch of the central bank collected and exchanged the silver dollar bills issued by the central bank, and the silver dollar bills that had not yet been exchanged were exchanged by the Bank of Zhejiang Province, and other business was taken over by the Bank of Zhejiang Province. After the Dinghai Office of the Bank of China (now No. 42 Dinghai West Avenue) was ordered to cease operations around the end of 1949, the personnel went to Taiwan around February 1950, so the head office of the Bank of Zhejiang Province moved to the old site of the Dinghai Office of the Bank of China, and the head office of the Bank of Zhejiang Province, which was originally located outside the South Gate, was converted into a branch. In order to meet the wartime economic needs of the Kuomintang in Zhoushan, in December 1949, the Bank of Zhejiang Established the Daishan Office in Shajiao, Daishan, And at the same time added a Ganlan Branch office in Dinghai Ganlan, the seat of the provincial government.
1. Introduction of "Bank of Zhejiang Province" silver dollar exchange coupons
There are two main coins of silver dollar bills issued by the Bank of Zhejiang Province: one yuan and five yuan; and three auxiliary coins: one dime, two corners and five corners. The design style of this set of five kinds of banknotes is basically the same, and the main scenery patterns are Hangzhou Liuhe Pagoda and Qianjiang Bridge, all printed by the "Taipei Factory of the Central Printing Factory" at that time. The face color of each coupon varies, and the denomination is increased from small to large.
The basic elements of this set of banknote faces are described below:
1 dime coupon
Blue, length 9.3cm, width 4.9cm. Inside the lower right border is the year of the printing of the Lishu "38th Year of the Republic of China", and the small letter "Taipei Factory of the Central Printing Factory" under the border. On both sides were the Chinese signatures of Chairman Chen Baolin and General Manager Wei Baotai.
2 dime coupon
Orange-red, 10 cm long and 5.5 cm wide, the front and back of the banknote are similar to the one-corner coupons, the position of the two lines of the "Bank of Zhejiang Province" and "Silver Dollar Exchange Coupons" is in the upper middle of the box, the crown number is moved to the upper right side of the frame, and the year of printing of the Lishu and the name of the small letter printing factory under the border are moved to the lower left border and under the frame.
5 dime coupon
Brown, length 11.5 cm, width 5.8 cm. The front and back of the banknote are basically the same as those of the two corners.
1 yuan coupon
Red, length 14.5 cm, width 6.9 cm. The right part of the front frame of the banknote is the front of the ship (portrait of Dr. Sun Yat-sen), the middle of the back of the banknote is the pattern of the back of the ship (a sailing ship), the left and right rings are garlands, the four corners are marked with the Arabic letter "1", and the Chinese two sides are signed by chairman Chen Baolin and general manager Wei Baotai.
5 yuan coupon
Dark green, length 15.2 cm, width 7 cm. In the lower part of the denomination, there are two lines of letters "Exchange of silver dollars with tickets" and the printing year "Thirty-ninth Year of the Republic of China"; the border under the printing year has the words "Taipei Factory of the Central Printing Factory" on the outside. On the right side of the banknote is a horizontal oval landscape pattern composed of Hangzhou Liuhe Pagoda and Qiantang River Bridge; in the upper border is the English name of the Bank of Zhejiang Province; in the middle left of the frame is the English denomination of five yuan; under the English denomination, the new chairman Chen Baotai (PaoTaiChun) and the general manager Wei Baotai (PT. Wei's signature in English.
2. The issuance time of the "Bank of Zhejiang Province" silver dollar bill
By referring to a large number of archival materials on both sides of the strait, the withdrawal of the 1949 gold yuan bills to Taiwan until May 1950, until the dissolution of the Zhejiang Provincial Bank, the time of issuance of the Zhejiang Provincial Bank silver dollar bills was examined, and the key issues such as the time of their issuance can be clearly seen. Before the Announcement of the Zhejiang Provincial Government stationed in Ningbo, before the "Central Bank" issued silver dollar bills (May 8, 1949 to July 3, 1949), the main circulation was silver dollars. Since the issuance of silver dollar notes by the "Central Bank" (July 4, 1949), Dinghai has circulated silver dollar bills issued by the "Central Bank" issued by the Ningbo Branch. The issuance of bank silver dollar bills in Zhejiang Province should be after the liberation of Guangzhou (October 14, 1949). On July 3, 1949, the "Executive Yuan" of the Kuomintang promulgated the "Measures for the Issuance of Silver Dollar and Silver Dollar Exchange Coupons", and on August 9, the "Ministry of Finance" promulgated the "Measures for provincial banks to issue silver dollar bills and auxiliary currency coupons" formulated in accordance with Article 13 of the Measures, restricting the issuance of silver dollar bills by provincial banks. Provincial banks are limited to one yuan and auxiliary currency bonds, and the issuance conditions and issuance related matters must be approved by the Ministry of Finance. In order to control the financial market, the "Zhejiang Provincial Government" held an emergency meeting to implement financial unification. In order to meet the requirements of the "Executive Yuan" for issuing bonds, the Zhejiang Provincial Bank was reorganized, with Chen Baolin, director of the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Finance of the Kuomintang, as the chairman of the board, and Wei Baotai, former president of the Ningbo Branch, as the general manager. The Kuomintang Ministry of Finance in Taiwan also agreed to issue silver dollar notes by the Zhejiang Provincial Bank in Zhoushan.
Due to the turbulent situation and the tight time, it was impossible to solve the printing problem in Zhoushan in a short period of time, and there were daily air flights from Taiwan to Dinghai, according to Zhang Chaogang (transferred from the Cixi branch of the Bank of Zhejiang Province to Dinghai in 1947, worked in the People's Bank of China after liberation, retired from the Zhoushan branch of the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China), Deng Guangyu (formerly worked in the Shenjiamen office of the Bank of Zhejiang Province, worked in the People's Bank of China after the liberation of Zhoushan, and was later transferred to the Putuo District Finance and Taxation Bureau) recalled: "In the autumn of 1949, The Bank of Zhejiang Province appointed a section chief to Taiwan to handle the printing of silver dollar exchange coupons. There is only 1 kind of banknote, at that time, it was stipulated to exchange silver dollars for 1:1, but only for individuals to exchange in limited quantities, Shenjiamen also did exchange, silver dollar coupons can also buy gold from the bank, each small two about 100-120 yuan. Therefore, the design and printing of this set of banknotes were all in Taiwan's "Taipei Factory of the Central Printing Factory", and the time when the Bank of Zhejiang Province was ordered to issue silver dollar bills should be more reasonable before and after the Kuomintang Ministry of Finance formulated and promulgated the "Measures for provincial banks to issue silver dollar bills and auxiliary bills" on August 9, 1949, and before and after the withdrawal of the "Ningbo Branch of the Central Bank" on October 14, 1949.
In order to strengthen the unified management of the military and the government, on November 23, 1949, the Executive Yuan of the Kuomintang decided to organize an action cabinet and move with the army, and explicitly ordered the chairman of the four provinces of Zhejiang, Guizhou, Fujian, and Gansu to be transferred, and the chairman of the Zhejiang Provincial Government was Shi Jue, commander of the Zhoushan Defense. On November 25, Shi Jue took a flight from Dinghai to Taiwan to report for duty, and returned to Dinghai on the 27th. On December 7, the new and old chairmen of the Zhejiang Provincial Government handled the handover. After the handover, a large number of provincial government officials, including former provincial chairman Zhou Yan, finance minister Chen Baolin, and Zhao Aihui, were transferred to Taiwan, while the new chairman Shi Jue ordered the government to move to Gan (Shi + Lan) Township in the north of Dinghai (later renamed "Ke Nan Township" by Chiang Ching-kuo), and abolished all the departments and departments under the former Zhejiang Provincial Government, and only four departments were set up, including secretarial, government affairs, economy, and military affairs. In January 1950, Shi Juedian, chairman of zhejiang province of the Kuomintang government, summoned Hu Zhizhuo, former general manager of the Rehe Provincial Bank, who was friendly with him, to Zhoushan as deputy general manager of the Zhejiang Provincial Bank, and concurrently served as the general manager of the Anchang Trading Bank undertaken by the Zhejiang Provincial Bank, mainly engaged in the material trafficking trade between Taiwan and Zhoushan.
According to the provisions of the "Ministry of Finance" "Measures for provincial banks to issue silver dollar bills and one-dollar bills and auxiliary coin coupons", zhejiang provincial banks are not allowed to issue five-yuan denominations. In the spring of 1950, in the face of the increasing issuance of silver dollar notes and the special situation of wartime, the only provincial banks under the direct jurisdiction of the Taiwan authorities at that time were the Taiwan Provincial Bank and the Zhejiang Provincial Bank. After obtaining the approval of the "Ministry of Finance" of the authorities, the Bank of Zhejiang Province printed a five-yuan coupon at the "Taipei Branch of the Central Printing Factory" in Taiwan. Five-yuan coupons were issued in Dinghai and Shenjiamen. The newly issued five-yuan coupons have certain differences in design from the original 1 yuan coupons and 3 kinds of horn coupons, and the signature Chinese back has also been changed to English signature, and the chairman has changed from the original Chen Baolin to Chen Baotai.
Third, the end of the bank of Zhejiang Province silver dollar bills
On May 14, 1950, the Bank of Zhejiang Province received a secret retreat order from the highest authorities of the Kuomintang, and under the supervision of Chen Baotai, then chairman of the Bank of Zhejiang Province, some personnel of the Bank of Zhejiang Province quickly and completely transported the gold and silver dollar inventory reserves to Taiwan on a ship stored on the dinghai seashore under extremely confidential arrangements. During the retreat on the 14th, the Kuomintang troops vigorously clamored for a counterattack on the mainland to create a momentum for the retreat. For three days, from May 14 to 16, the Kuomintang military and political personnel in the Zhoushan Islands basically completed their retreat.
On May 17, the Chinese People's Liberation Army entered the main island of Zhoushan, Dinghai was liberated, and shops resumed business on the 18th, when silver dollars were still in circulation in the market. On May 22, the Zhoushan Islands Military Control Commission was established, and the Dinghai County People's Government was also established and carried out its work. On May 23, the Military Control Commission of the Zhoushan Islands of the Zhejiang Military Region issued a notice stipulating: "From now on, all grain payments, tax payments, public and private payments, price calculations, accounts, debts, bills, deeds, etc., must be based on RMB." From now on, all transactions shall be denominated in renminbi, and shall not be inflated due to the depreciation of the silver dollar, and if there is a violation of the profiteer, it shall be strictly handled." Chinese Min min bank dinghai office also set up and set up business at the same time, receiving gold, silver dollars and foreign currencies, and issuing renminbi. The initial listing announcement of the RMB and silver dollar quotation price is RMB 6,000 yuan discounted into a small silver dollar of one yuan, which will be changed at any time according to the regulations of the head office of Chinese Min min bank. On May 27, the Yongjiang Daily reported on the announcement made by the Zhoushan Military Control Commission. After June 3, the Military Control Commission of the Zhoushan Islands stipulated that silver dollars should not be bought, sold and circulated privately.
On the other side of the strait, on May 17, the Zhejiang Provincial Bank ship withdrawn from Dinghai docked at the Keelung Port Wharf, and the Zhejiang Provincial Bank prepared in advance to designate Hu Zhizhuo, deputy general manager and general manager of Anchang Trading Bank, to withdraw New Taiwan dollars from the Keelung Branch of the Bank of Taiwan, and the bank staff set up five temporary exchange points at the wharf. The Bank of Zhejiang Province deposits the current silver dollars into the head office of the Bank of Taiwan, and then exchanges the New Taiwan dollars (three yuan into silver dollars and one yuan) from the bank, and then exchanges the new Taiwan dollars for one yuan of silver dollars issued by the Bank of Zhejiang Province Zhoushan. In order to facilitate the military and civilian industrialists and merchants who retreated to Taiwan at that time, in addition to fully paying for the exchange at the Keelung Wharf, they continued to exchange after the end of the week, and entrusted exchange offices in Kaohsiung and Taichung to exchange on behalf of the exchange. At that time, Wu Songqing, the director of the Kuomintang Quartermaster Bureau, had to exchange the silver dollar bills issued by the Zhejiang Provincial Bank held by the Zhoushan retreating army into Taiwan's common currency, and participated in the preparation and exchange of instructions in advance. After the exchange, General Manager Wei Baotai and Deputy General Manager Hu Zhizhuan reported to Yan Jiagan, then "Minister of Finance", on the withdrawal of the provincial bank and the redemption process. The Bank of Zhejiang Province followed the Kuomintang Zhejiang Provincial Government from Hangzhou to Zhoushan and then from Zhoushan to Taiwan, and was the only provincial bank in the country to completely withdraw.
In accordance with the order of the Kuomintang Ministry of Finance to the Executive Yuan, it is required that the reserves of zhejiang provincial banks be more than 7,100 taels of gold and the balance of more than 200,000 silver yuan, all of which will be cleared and handed over to the "central bank" for collection and special custody. After nearly four months of operation, anchang Trading Bank returned a loan of NT$2 million from the Bank of Taiwan before opening, paid part of the military's welfare, and made a profit of more than NT$700,000.
4. Issuance and circulation of silver dollar bills
This set of silver dollar coupons was only issued and circulated in Zhoushan Main Island and Daishan, printed in Taiwan (Taiwan Central Printing Factory may have a printing record), and more than half a century has passed, except for more than 1 yuan coupons, other denominations of coupons have become extremely rare. All the silver dollar bills issued by the Bank of Zhejiang Province are double-crowned, and the circulation of each crown is 1 million. Judging from the memoirs of bankers and the physical situation found so far, the first crown of the silver dollar note is A, and the second crown is printed and issued in order from A to B, C and D, and the number is 6 digits. 1 yuan coupon is red, the local people commonly known as "red ticket", issued AA-AD four crown numbers, AA-AC number has been fully issued, according to the current physical situation investigation, AD crown may not exceed 200,000 pieces, 1 corner, 2 corners, 5 corners only out of the AA crown, of which 1 corner coupon issued within 300,000 pieces, 2 corner coupons issued within 200,000 pieces, 5 corner bonds issued about 60,000 pieces, 5 yuan coupon number did not exceed 140,000 pieces. According to the old file, "the total number of pseudo-bank bills issued is about 3 million, and according to the current investigation, the number of people in the county and urban areas is still about 400,000 and 500,000; shenjiamen are more, but less than 1 million; and Daishan is the least, about 100,000 yuan." After the liberation of Dinghai on May 17, 1950, the Chinese Bank was liquidated, and it was reported to the East China Branch and the report said: "The Military Control Commission of the branch of the pseudo-provincial bank stipulates that the grain company should take over, and the head office of the pseudo-provincial bank was moved in by our bank on May 21 to take over." Everything in the line is chaotic and no one takes care of it. Inventory results: In the warehouse, it was found that there were still 52953 silver horn double horns, 1966 one corners, 100 Wu horns, and 50 nickel horns, 20 points and 10 points, a total of 2856 pieces. More than 646,000 yuan of counterfeit silver dollar coupons. The above-mentioned silver dollar bills in stock are only the inventory bills of the "Bank of Zhejiang Province" headquarters that were taken over by the Dinghai Office of the Chinese Min bank, and do not include the inventory silver dollar coupons of the Dinghai Branch, the Shenjiamen Office, the Ganlan Branch Office, the Daishan Branch Office, etc., nor the bank bills in the hands of military and political personnel who were exchanged in Taiwan, as well as some of the banknotes that were lost due to throwing away, burning, and other reasons.
Judging from the current issuance of silver dollar coupons found in Zhoushan, in addition to a certain number of 1 yuan coupons, 5 yuan coupons have also been found in recent years, but the rarest in this silver dollar coupon collection is 1 dime, 2 dime, 5 corners three kinds of auxiliary coin coupons. The reason for this situation was roughly that the issuance of auxiliary currency coupons at that time was blocked and replaced by copper dollars. Through the statistics of Zhoushan coin collectors, cultural and museum departments and collectors around the world, online auction of Zhejiang Provincial Bank silver dollar bills and other relevant physical materials, and at the same time there is an analysis of the total amount of silver dollar coupons issued by Zhejiang Provincial Bank, market stock, and small circulation of auxiliary coin coupons, the scarcity of this set of silver dollar coupons, in addition to 1 yuan is relatively common, 5 yuan is less, 1 corner is less than 5 yuan, 2 corners are less, and the least is 5 dime coupons.
Author: Lin Bin
Editor: Zhang Yu
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