Hybrid rice is a national scientific research project in China since the 1970s, and there are many researchers all over China who have also made outstanding contributions, and we must not forget their efforts and achievements! Let's take a look at the historical deeds that deserve our praise.
Let's start with a little background introduction to rice research so as not to surprise outsiders below.
1, rice research and development is very special
Medicine is basically done in the laboratory. But rice research and development is not "laboratory to clinical" at all. It is almost entirely based on "farmland", not that it can be done casually in the laboratory. If you want to have achievements, you must go to the field, which is also an important reason why many old experts still go to the field (of course, the sense of responsibility is also very important)
2. No rice variety can be eaten nationwide
Really, this is completely different from medicine, rice technology has developed so far, and the weather and land factors are still very important. The rice varieties have obvious locality, this rice you can grow a big harvest, my family plant will die warped, so our title is not scribbled Oh.
When it comes to rice, everyone will definitely think of yuan lao, a scientist and academician who has worked hard for many years, and has invented many varieties of high-yield rice. Netizens have received many positive reviews.
Looking at this website, it is estimated that not many people know, the National Rice Data Center, very authoritative.
At present, the whole of China cultivates rice, that is, the rice we eat in our mouths is basically from these varieties. Maybe the picture is too small, let's take the first few zoom points to see
I regret to tell you that few of the rice we are currently eating are the products of Mr. Yuan. It's true...... I'm afraid everyone didn't think of this... We thought that the rice variety we eat now was at least half, but it was not in fact that Mr. Yuan's... There are only a few varieties of Mr. Yuan that have data to check
The real father of rice in China laid the foundation for the discipline of rice, and 10 out of 10 of us do not know his name.
Really shouldn't be —"
Mr. Ding was born in 1888 and died in 1964. He has spent his life studying rice and rice hybridization, and is the only "father of Chinese rice" or "father of Chinese hybrid rice" that is not controversial in the academic community. Because he really created many firsts in China, he first discovered wild rice in Guangzhou in 1926, and then engaged in the research of rice hybrid breeding all his life, and in 1930 he bred a "thousand ears" that allowed many Chinese at that time to eat enough.
How awesome is this? You know, the world's recognized father of rice was an American named Henry M. Beachell (1906-2006).
It was he who completed the first hybrid rice breeding in 1963. Taiwan + the Philippines, which became known as IR8, saved many developing countries in Southeast Asia at that time, and was known as the father of miracle rice (this is not hybrid rice, it is conventional rice, but it uses hybrid breeding technology). And Mr. Ding is actually earlier than him, and many of the subsequent achievements are actually based on his theory. Unfortunately, it is estimated that almost no one knows this real "rice god" now.
Speaking of the unfortunate "Rice God", there is also a person who is not known, his name is Guan Xianghuan (1909-1966)
Among the ten thousand people who had Ding Ying's name, there might be one more person who knew. Among the 100,000 people who manage the name of the old man, no one will know.
Where is his cow? He founded the seed bank and gene bank of the first rice in New China. Many of the best seeds he had preserved, and he was the father of Rice Genetics in China, Yuan was his student, and much of his knowledge was based on his theory. How many of us know?
There is also a remarkable, god-level figure named Zhao Lianfang (April 2, 1894 – May 7, 1968)
If nothing else, one of the god-level rice seeds mentioned above, IR8, was the "low-footed" variety he bred. Some people may ask, no matter what else, doesn't it mean that Yuan has greatly increased the yield of rice?
The first person in China to increase production in the real sense is this old gentleman, his name is Huang Yaoxiang (1916.08.17-2004.02.22)
In the past, rice was all tall and tall poles. What is rice most afraid of? Even if it is lodging, the normal will also be too heavy to carry the spike, or once the wind and rain are blown, it will be finished. Part of the reason we used to have low yields was because of the high rate of rice lodging.
Huang Yaoxiang's unprecedented dwarfing of China's rice has greatly reduced the lodging rate of rice and directly increased yields. So he is known as the "father of semi-dwarf rice" in China.
In the 1950s, it bred the world's first indica dwarf stalk breed "Square Dwarf". World-class semi-dwarf pole experts American Norman Boglow and Huang Laozi completed this technology almost the same year. Huang Laozi's technology directly increased the yield of rice in Guangdong from about 250 kg to 350 kg to 400 kg.
Perhaps in many publicity materials, we see that Yuan's scientific research results have increased China's grain production.
In fact, what did China rely on for the rapid increase in grain production in the 1970s and 1980s? It is not someone's research results, but our field system has increased the enthusiasm of farmers, the use of chemical fertilizers has improved the fertility of the soil, the use of pesticides has reduced the infestation of diseases and insect pests, the construction of farmland reservoirs has slowed down the current situation of relying on the sky to eat in the past, and finally the application of hybrid breeding.
Now public opinion seems to have given all the credit to one person, which will make many land experts, fertilizer experts, pesticide experts, and water conservancy experts in China aggrieved.
It can't be calculated that China's grain production increase is definitely a comprehensive factor. Almost every project can write a separate article, the father of fertilizer Fan Xudong, the father of pesticide Shen Yinchu, the father of paraquat Li Dejun, farmland water conservancy expert Liu Zhuxi, etc., it is so many experts and laborers who work together to achieve a bumper harvest of grain in China.
Many people, including ourselves, have actually been misunderstood. So where is Elder Yuan's achievement?
Mainly a 1966 paper entitled "Male Infertility of Rice."
The influence of this paper is still relatively large, which points out the direction for the hybridization of three lines of rice in China.
We all know that agricultural rice research is based on results
In 1958, Tohoku University in Japan acquired the Department of Male Sterility of Rice
In 1964, the University of Ryukyu in Japan realized the three-line support of japonica rice
In 1968, Japan's new city Nagayuki also realized the "three-line" support of hybrid rice
Yuan's three-line hybridization is just a theory, and it is necessary to find actual wild rice plants. So did Yuan find it? No, it was found by this old man, his name is Li Bihu.
In 1970, he found the first ordinary wild rice plant bred by male flowers in Hainan This strain is called "wild defeat", and without his discovery, Yuan's research can only be written. But how many of us know his name?
Therefore, many people in later generations called Li Bihu "the father of China's hybrid rice".
One is to mention theory, and the other is to engage in practice.
The first to make the three series out of the Chinese another expert, Yan Longan.
It may be difficult for you to understand, isn't this the beginning of an institute?
Mortals who do not understand breeding, we may be wrong in cognition, the study of hybrid rice is not the study of pills, this is almost a national mobilization, mobilized thousands of scientific researchers together to engage in the official name is called "great collaboration", China's hybrid rice is actually the result of great cooperation
For example, what is the significance of academician Zhu Ying's "Red Lotus" and "Horse Association" that are also cattle with "wild defeat"? If the whole country only has "wild defeat", then in case of a problem we are all dead, and his discovery has ensured the food security of the whole of China. All the people in the industry think that his achievements will at least not be lower than Yuan.
At the beginning, the yield of the three-line hybrid rice made by Yuan went up, but the disease resistance was very weak, and it was difficult to actually promote it in a large area, at this time, another big god appeared, and this big god made something that we now eat into the mouth of the rice, this big god is called Xie Hua'an.
At present, the actual cultivation can eat into our mouths, and the top few are Xie Huaan's achievements, while Yuan's achievements have almost no application. This may be a lot of people have to fall through the glasses. If according to the classification of the current market, is it Xie Hua'an who can be called "Shennong"? Because most of us eat the rice he developed.
In some respects, it is more advanced than Yuan's three series, and the achievements of the two series are mentioned by another expert, Shi Mingsong (1938-1989, accidentally electrocuted).
As you can see earlier, there are three recognized achievements in China's hybrid rice, one is the dwarfing of Huang Yaoxiang mentioned at the beginning, which he made himself, one is Yuan's three series, which is not made by him alone, and the third is the more advanced second series, which is Made by Shi Mingsong himself.
The taste of hybrid rice, as long as we are currently eating is really more general, and the gap between Japanese Koshikomi rice is not a star and a half, and we often eat in our daily life, such as the famous five permanent rice, "rice flower fragrance" and so on Do you know what varieties? Not artificial hybrid rice, but natural hybrid conventional rice!
There are already data showing that the area planted with better taste of conventional rice has gradually caught up with hybrid rice.
The first person in China to engage in "seawater rice" was an old man named Chen Risheng, who discovered it in 1986.
Chen Risheng is called saline-tolerant rice.
In fact, this article is to let netizens know more about the history of China's rice development. We've eaten rice for so many years, and we have to be thankful for all these people behind the scenes. But after collecting historical data, we actually found that the shadow of a person appeared in almost any corner of the development of rice, and his brilliance covered up all other scientists.
Therefore, after pursuing the development process of China's modern rice industry, I hope that people will turn their attention to more unknown rice researchers and so many grass-roots workers, and we should say to them: Thank you!
If China really has "Shennong" who give us food to eat, then this group that inherits the past and opens up the future is!