Wei Xiangdong
Wen Zhenmeng was the great-grandson of Wen Zhengming, a well-known painter of the Wumen School of painting in the Ming Dynasty, and served as a teacher of the Chongzhen Emperor in the second year of the Apocalypse. His younger brother Wen Zhenheng wrote the Chronicle of Long Things, which had a far-reaching influence. Their uncle Zhou Bingzhong is also a genius, a painter, an antique porcelain artist, and a master of gardening.
When pointing out Wen Zhenmeng's "Collected Works of the Medicine Garden", the author of this article followed the clue "Emperor Zhou Gongyu to the great-grandfather of the mother's clan", from which he began to investigate, and concluded that Wen's great-grandfather Zhou Zhao was the master of the Jiajing Emperor. According to the "Suzhou Fu Zhi", there was a Gongzhan Fang built for zhou zhao in the west street of Fengmen in that year. Today, the archway has long been drowned in the years with people with stories, but the family of "one wizard and two imperial masters" is still intriguing to this day.
Last year, I began to study the "Medicine Garden Anthology", and I once verified that Zhou Bingzhong was the uncle of Wen Zhenmeng and Wen Zhenheng.
Wen Zhenmeng is a champion, Wen Zhenheng wrote the "Chronicle of Long Things", and there is a proverb in Suzhou that "the nephew does not go out of the uncle's house". This uncle is a genius, Zhou Bingzhong can make porcelain, can burn pottery, but also good at repairing ancient artifacts, that year also had a good painting name, in the garden construction, Lishui Dieshan opened a new machine, outstanding. He can also summon immortals, magic magic, and shock the world. Han Shineng's "Immortal Ying Tu" once recorded his summoning immortal skills, "Three white cranes flew to the altar, suddenly from three and five and seven and nine and twelve, and the sky was shining, and the return was long, and the clouds were colorful and could be picked." The viewer teases and rushes to surprise. Can sit upright and not, the immortal fruit to the end, the sound of the row, throwing the fruit in the air. The white crane circling and flying fruit in the air can be said to be the old ancestor of Chinese magic. Zhou Bingzhong "died at the age of ninety-three. In the last years, there was still a good long yang, and there were also strange people. ”
The National Palace Museum in Taipei holds a fan by Zhou Bingzhong
Suzhou Canglang Pavilion Yangzhi Pavilion Wenzheng Mingshi carved statue, the lower part is Zhou Bingzhongyin
In the "Anthology of Medicine Gardens", the "Zhou Chun Yi Zan" records Zhou Bingzhong's family lineage: "On the occasion of Gai Zhongxing, the emperor Zhou Gongyu was the great-grandfather of the mother's clan, and the heir was returned, the Shiji was won, and the bed was full of robes, and the door was full of hairpins, but chun Yi Weng was not arrested by the predecessors, and Dewang could be with him." ”
Zhou Bingzhong's nephew Wen Zhenmeng was a teacher to the Chongzhen Emperor. Wen Zhenmeng's mother's great-grandfather, that is, the great-grandfather of Wen's brother Zhou Bingzhong, was also an "imperial master"?
Wang Guan carved the "Zhou Bingzhong" seal
"Emperor Zhou Gongyu's Great-Grandfather of the Mother Clan" was an important clue that interested me.
The emperor's teacher, the heir to the Emperor, was related to the fortunes of the country, and the erudite Confucian who was born from the Right Path jinshi held this position. The Ming history records that in the first year of Chongzhen, Wen Zhenmeng served as a Japanese lecturer, and the Chongzhen Emperor listened to the lectures on the legs of Erlang. When Wen Zhenmeng said, "Those who are superior, why not be disrespectful", their eyes stared directly at the feet of the Chongzhen Emperor. The Chongzhen Emperor immediately covered his feet with his sleeve and slowly straightened his sitting posture. Therefore, Wen Zhenmeng, as an imperial master, was known for his solemnity.
Wang Guan carved the "Wen Zhen Meng" seal
Examining the Ming Dynasty JinshiLu, I hope to find the Zhou emperor from Suzhou. Combing through the comparison row, it is speculated that this "Emperor Shi Zhou Gong" may be Zhou Yong.
Zhou Yong, Wu Jiangren, official to official Shangshu, pawn official, given to the crown prince Taibao. Zhou used his father, Zhou Ang, to join the Wujiang Rotten Creek Ji clan. If the speculation is true, then Wen Zhenheng's "Chronicle of Long Things" and Ji Cheng's "Garden Ye", two famous works of garden construction, may be a diversion of the same vein.
The Suzhou Museum has a family tree of the "Rotten Creek Zhou Family", which is the family tree of the Zhou Yong family. Carefully reviewed throughout, over and over again, there was no information about Zhou Bingzhong, and the Zhou family tree did not mention Wen Zhenmeng's father, Wen Yuanfa, nor did it mention Wen Zhenmeng. In the Ming Dynasty Jinshi Record, Suzhou zhou surnamed Emperor Shi, whose year is similar, has no one else. Examining many township literature and consulting many anthologies of people close to Wen Zhenmeng, it was still fruitless.
The Palace Museum in Beijing holds the Book of Zhen Mengxing
Ming Dynasty literature mentions in many places that Wen Yuanfa's wife was Peng Nian's daughter. Only Wen Zhenmeng's biological mother, Zhou Shi, had vague information and could not get the point. Zhang Fengyi's "Collection of Practical Halls" found that the "Epitaph of the Burial of Peng Tuesday", the title was eye-catching, and a key clue appeared!
After the death of Wen Yuanfa's wife, "the one who is in the right position is the Zhou Ru people, and the Zhou Ru people live in Wuzhi Fengxi." Emperor Su practiced Zuo, and there were those who went north from the dragon, known as the Taichang Gongzhao. His eldest son Qi made his brother a son of Ren, and he was honored as a tribute to Jianning. Jianning Zitai degree, with good learning to choose for all lives, promoted to the house, is a child. The text also says: "The two children are all high-gated, all are high-gate, and all are ladies in the room." ”
An excerpt from Zhang Fengyi's "Collection of Chu Shi Tang" entitled "Epitaph of the Burial of Peng Tuesday's Widows"
It was confirmed that Mother Wen's great-grandfather Zhou Zhao had served as Tai Changqing. Mother Wen's grandfather, Zhou Qi, was a Jianning official, and Mother Wen's father, Zhou Wei, was a student.
Examination of the "Suzhou Chronicle":
Zhou Zhao zi Xizheng, a native of Changzhou. Father Tai, Zi Jingtong, Orthodox Peng WuJu ren, Zhilehui County, Haikou stealing hair, Tai Jiu Ji Wu Yong, touching the flame miasma, thief Lai Yiping, and Tai was killed with gangrene hair. The county people ran and cried, vying for the ground for burial. The remains of The Tai Wife Lou were returned, and the people gathered their clothes and crowns into the soil as a tomb, and they were worshipped when they were old. The edict was held to become a township examination of Gengzi Township, and Jiaxiang was taught for nine years. The performance appraisal was entered into Beijing, and the country of Ruizong was selected as a companion to read, and The Jishan was moved. The edict was created in the form of state affairs, and it is advisable to have a canon for posterity, which is the purpose of the ancestral precepts and the Nine Classics of the Middle Way, for the book to advance in ten thousand words, to be adopted, ding nei is difficult to serve, and Ruizong is to please remain in office, and the food is long. Zhao Zhi encountered, because of the matter, the words were more straight, Ruizong Xi list book "Gentleman Huaide" and various poems to give it, Shizong, every time into the ancient righteousness, with current affairs as advice, on the shock to listen, into the heir to the great unification, promoted to less Zhan Shi and attendant reading, looking for sick words, not allowed, into the Tai Changqing. He was a winter pawn, eighty years old, the right attendant of the Gift Department, and the son of Yin Qi.
Zhou Zhao was raised in the sixteenth year of Chenghua, and three years later, he taught in Jiaxiang County for nine years, responsible for a county education. After that, he entered the capital in the appraisal of performance, and lectured and read in the Xingwang Mansion as a "Ji Shan" and entered the palace of the Jiajing Emperor's father, the Xingwang. Ji Shan was the official name of the Prince of the Ming Dynasty, and he was in charge of teaching. King Xing was the biological father of The Jiajing Emperor Zhu Houxi.
Records related to the "Suzhou Fuzhi" "Gong Zhan Fang"
The Zhengde Emperor was childless, and his cousin Zhu Houxi succeeded to the throne, and Zhu Houxi thus became the Jiajing Emperor. "Emperor Su practiced Zuo, there are those who go north from the dragon", it is said that Zhou Zhao entered the capital from the dragon. Leaving Huguang'an Luzhou Xingwang Mansion and going to Beijing, Zhou Zhao was promoted to the post of Zhan Shifu Shao Zhan Shi and Hanlin Yuan Attendant, and later promoted to Tai Changqing. In the winter of this year, Zhou Zhao died at the age of eighty, and the right attendant of the Gift Department.
Portrait of the Jiajing Emperor of the Ming Dynasty
The world is unpredictable, "Emperor Zhou Gong" is not a jinshi, but only a person. Zhou Zhao was first a companion and mentor of the old prince, and later naturally became the teacher of the Jiajing Emperor. Zhou Zhao gave lectures to the Jiajing Emperor, which was quite vivid, and taught classical scriptures in combination with current events. "Whenever emperor Shizong goes on to preach ancient righteousness, he attaches to current affairs as advice, and listens to the horrors of the upper world." The four characters of "Shangwei Wei Shu Listen", "Yuan He Wei Ting Zhi - Zhou Zhao" as "Shang Wei Zhen Listen", Listening is Gong Listening. The teachers are of a high standard and the students listen carefully.
"On the occasion of Gai Zhongxing, Emperor Zhou Gong was given to the great-grandfather of the mother clan." Wen Zhenmeng's account is indeed true, and the text of the Fuzhi is enough to support it.
One-third of the texts in the Suzhou Fuzhi that introduce Zhou Zhao refer to Zhou Zhao's father Zhou Tai and his wife Lou Shi. What is more worth mentioning is that Tang Bohu has a famous painting "Zhenshoutang Tu", and Zhenshoutang is the hall name of Zhou Zhao's mother Lou. There have been many articles examining this painting, which will not be expanded here.
Tang Yin's "Zhenshoutang Diagram"
Speaking of Zhou Bingzhong, this strange man was born and died in the middle of Jiajing, and died at the end of the Ming Dynasty, at the age of ninety-three. The "Collection of Chu Shi Tang" records that Wenmu Zhou was born in the jiajing Jiayin year, and also mentions that Wenmu Zhou "lived according to his brothers" after the death of his parents, and that Wenmu Zhou lived with his brothers. Jiajing Jiayin is Jiajing thirty-three years, Jiajing dynasty a total of forty-six years, Jiajing Jiayin forward, Zhou Bingzhong was born in the middle of Jiajing is established.
The record of "Zhou Ruren's ancestral residence in Wuzhi Fengxi" is also consistent with Jiang Yingke's "Records of Houletang" who once served as The County of Changzhou: Zhou Bingzhong was a "clever person Zhou Danquan" who was good at "making Putuo for the strange stones and the peaks of the Tiantai Mountains" in Jiang Yingke's eyes, and the "Li people" were of course from Changzhou County, and the Late Ming Dynasty's Fengxi was under the jurisdiction of Changzhou County.
Wen Mu Zhou's father, Zhou Wei, has no more information. However, the "Suzhou Fuzhi" has the information of the Zhou brother Zhou Lun's wife Cai: Cai, a Huguang person. Father Benyuan was revealed by the scriptures, and there was Zhou Qi who took his father's official residence, so he occupied Anlu and hired Cai as his wife for the county's sons qizi. Qi Gui, sent his son to marry Yu Chu, after marriage, Cai traveled thousands of miles to Wu, less than ten years, Lun Wu, Qi and his wife were lost one after another, Cai was hanging in the shadows, living for fifty-seven years, at the age of eighty-four.
Covered up the door, rode alone to Fengmen West Street, according to the "Suzhou Fu Zhi", this street had a Gongzhan Fang built for the Zhou Zhao. The vicissitudes of the sea, the white clouds and dogs, the archway has long been drowned in the years with people with stories.
The Lingering Garden still has the traces of Zhou Bingzhong stacking rockeries, and the art garden is Wen Zhenmeng's garden. Another day, ask your friend to have tea.
(The original title of this article was: A Strange Man and Two Emperors)
Editor-in-charge: Qian Xue'er
Proofreader: Shi Gong