Spotted bullet holes in the walls of the Ho Ancestral Hall
Shangjinfang emblem-style brick carved archway-style gatehouse
"When the war was urgent, the front village wall of the bullet hole was broken." Tourists who come to Xuncheng Village, Dianxia Town, Fuding City, will definitely walk to the He Ancestral Hall made of green bricks and tiles, and the high wall covered with bullet holes has also become the central picture of many "punch-in" photos.
The Ho Ancestral Hall is the site of the Battle of Xuncheng in the early morning of June 12, 1949, and is one of the most important memorial sites for the liberation of Fuding. On June 10, 1949, the 1st Detachment of the Southern Zhejiang Guerrilla Column cooperated with the 189th Regiment of the 21st Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army to fight in Fujian. On June 11, Fuding County was liberated. When the enemy army's "search and suppression team" and Zhang Qiong's "commando team" fled to Xuncheng, it was already the evening of the 11th, and Lin Deming, who had planned to flee to Qinyu overnight, saw that the team collapsed and had to decide to rest in Xuncheng before leaving. That night, the 4th and 6th Squadrons of the 2nd Brigade, which were tasked with blocking, and the Dingping Guards quickly cut a path to encircle the enemy at Xuncheng.
In the early morning of June 12, the battle began, our army began to attack, bullets shot at the enemy like a rainstorm, and the defenders in the ancestral hall stubbornly resisted, but soon they could not resist and signaled surrender. After fierce fighting, Zhang Qiong, the leader of the "commando team", was captured alive. The Battle of Xuncheng was a complete victory, annihilating more than 100 enemy personnel, capturing more than 80 enemy personnel, and capturing 8 machine guns, 180 rifles, and more than 2,000 rounds of ammunition. At this point, except for the Dacheng Mountain and the two islands on the platform, the whole territory of Fuding was liberated. The liberation of Xuncheng also marked the liberation of the entire Fuding land area.
Xuncheng Village is a provincial-level historical and cultural village, the first batch of traditional Chinese villages, surrounded by mountains on three sides, facing the sea in the east, sea and land, since ancient times, it is a must for the ancient mountain and sea road in northeast Fujian. The Qing edition of the "Rural Chronicle of Fuding County" says: "The land of Xuncheng, the land of Tens of acres, the lushe is surrounded by residence, the people in front of the village built earthen forts to defend themselves to this day, and the townspeople are still known for their city and in Xunfang, so they are named after Xuncheng." ”
There are 61 traditional style buildings in Xuncheng Village, including the bridge pavilion of the ancient road ferry, the ancestral hall palace temple and the shop houses in the streets and alleys, and the well-preserved ones are lin's dacuo, He's dacuo, Chen's dacuo and Shi Rentaicuo, which represent the traditional ancient architecture models of northeast Fujian.
These ancient houses are distributed sequentially along Xuncheng Street, forming a staggered, tortuous and interconnected ancient street landscape. Dacuo is a building in the middle and late Qing Dynasty, which is consistent with the historical process of the rise of the tea industry in the middle of the Qing Dynasty and the formation of the Xuncheng Street pattern. The genealogy of Xuncheng Lin, He, Chen and other surnames shows that in the 19th century, many families made profits from business and prospered, and most of their income was used for "extensive fields" and "building buildings".
The ancient residential houses are basically two-story brick and wood structure buildings of the courtyard style, the building plan, structure and decoration are basically similar, and the four sides of the green brick bucket wall are composed of the main building inside the wall, the auxiliary building outside the wall, the outer platform building, etc., which are distributed sequentially from the inside to the outside, and the main and subordinate are orderly and the functions are clear. The interior of the building is neat and standardized, the central axis is symmetrical, the scale is grand, and the layout, lighting, ventilation, drainage, etc., everywhere highlights the unity of scientific, reasonable, practical and other performances. The architectural decoration is mainly based on logs, original bricks and primary colors, and there are many decorations under the eaves and doors and windows, especially the phoenix tail carved by the front porch beam frame is rolled into a circle and embedded with various color beads, which has a strong local architectural group characteristics.
The existing ancient streets and alleys in Xuncheng Are mainly based on Chengming Road and its extension Tea Factory Road, and there are Xunwen Road, Qianjie, Backstreet, etc. next to it, and the pattern is clear and recognizable. Pass through a narrow wooden wall sandwich road at No. 7 Chengming Road, Old Street, and enter the back door of Chen's Shangjinfang Dacuo, pass through the small patio, and enter the main house of Shangjinfang. The carvings on the front corridor of the main hall of Shangjinfang are the most exquisite, and the eaves of the hall, the arches, the doors and windows, the moon mirrors, etc. are all represented by bas-carvings and high reliefs, and the patterns include Meilan bamboo chrysanthemums, piano and chess calligraphy and paintings, opera characters, etc., and the carvings are exquisite and lifelike. Xuncheng people once trafficked tea and other materials to Huizhou, and at the same time brought back Huizhou culture, the inner gate brick carved archway-style gate tower presents a hui-style style, three five-story eight-character type, clay sculpture painting, is the decorative focus of the entire building, exquisite and abnormal.
Located on the southwest side of Xuncheng Village and upstream of Xunxi, MalanShan used to be an important source of livelihood for villagers in the village three or four hundred meters away. Due to the suitable temperature, within 100 meters of the altitude, and close to the water source, it is easy to cultivate crops, so the villagers dig pits here to grow sweet potatoes, white tea and other crops.
The days passed so plainly. In April 1987, the Fujian Provincial Archaeological Team came to the Side of Yangzhong Creek in Malanshan Mountain in the second national cultural relics census, saw the stones with different shapes and scattered on the ground, felt that it was a little special, picked them up and studied, and found that these stones seemed to have been processed, and the edges of the stones were generally thin and sharp, but most of the stone structure was incomplete.
After following the trail to MalanShan, we found that there were a large number of discarded stone pieces left over from the time of stone tools, as well as double-shouldered stone axes, double-shoulder stone shovels and a small number of pottery pieces. Most of these stone tools are simply made of basalt, some of which are fine sandstone and granite, and only a few traces of use are faintly visible.
Among these stone tools found, the most valuable for research is the double-shouldered stone tool, which is in the shape of a double shoulder, designed for easy grasp by hand, the overall workmanship of the stone tool is more refined, the handle repair is relatively fine, and the scar is small. The double-shouldered stone tools are about 6,000 to 4,000 years old, mainly distributed in South China, and have been found on Taiwan Island, Southeast Asia, and the South Pacific Island.
As a major archaeological discovery in Fujian Province since the founding of New China, the Malanshan site was listed as the third batch of provincial-level cultural relics protection units in 1991. After the third national census of cultural relics in November 2008 and the two reviews in July 2010 to cooperate with the preparation of protection planning surveys, the cultural outlook of the Malanshan site gradually became clear, and it was initially confirmed that this was a group of stone tool manufacturing sites from the late Neolithic to the Bronze Age. This not only proves that there were ancient human activities in the Xuncheng area and eastern Fujian region as early as 4,000 years ago, but also has great academic value for the study of the early relationship between Fujian and Taiwan and the spread of Austronesian languages.