The heavens and the earth are not kind, and all things are dogs; the saints are not kind, and the people are dogs. Between heaven and earth, its tuó yuè? Void and unyielding, moving and healing. It is better to be poor than to keep the middle.
First, refer to the commentaries on the two ancient Tao Te Ching texts
Wang Bi notes the fifth chapter of the Tao Te Ching:
Heaven and earth are not benevolent, and all things are dogs; heaven and earth are left to nature, nothing is created, and all things govern themselves, so they are not benevolent. The benevolent will create a lishi, and if there is grace and deed, then the material will be lost, and if there is grace and deed, the list of things will not exist, and the things will not exist, it will not be enough to prepare for the load. The earth does not give birth to the beast, but the beast eats the sword; not for the dog of life, but for man eats the dog. If nothing is for all things and everything is suitable for its own use, it is not unworthy. If the wisdom is from its own tree, it is not enough to take on the task.
The saints were unkind and regarded the people as dogs. The saints are in harmony with the heavens and the earth, and the people are better than the dogs.
Between heaven and earth, what is its defiance? Void and unyielding, moving and healing. Bridge, row also. Gong, Le Gong also. In the midst of the turmoil, empty and merciless, for no reason, and not poor, bent and inexhaustible. In the midst of heaven and earth, nature is at its disposal, so it is unattainable and poor, just like a bridge.
It is better to be poor than to keep the middle. The more you do it, the more you lose. Things are evil, things are wrong, they are not good, they are not good, and they will be poor. If you keep the numbers, you are endless, and if you abandon your own responsibilities, you will not be ignored. If the bridge is intentional, it is not enough for the co-blower to ask for it.
The Fifth Void of the Tao Te Ching in the River Public Note:
Heaven and earth are not benevolent, heaven and earth are earthly, not benevolent, let nature be natural.
Take all things as dogs. Heaven and earth give birth to all things, people are the most expensive, heaven and earth regard it as a grass dog and animal, not expensive to expect its retribution.
Saints are not merciful, saints love to nurture all peoples, do not be benevolent, and the law and the earth practice nature.
Take the people as dogs. The saints regarded the people as dogs and animals, and did not expect their courtesy.
Between heaven and earth, between heaven and earth, there is emptiness, and harmony is popular, so all things are self-generating. If a person can remove lust, taste, and cleanse the five internal organs, then the gods dwell in it.
What's the point? There is emptiness in the bridge, and people can have sound.
Void and unyielding, moving and healing. When words are empty and empty, they are exhausted, and they are shaken, and they are also angry.
If you say more and be poor, if you do more things, if you harm God, if you say more, if you harm yourself, if you open your mouth and lift your tongue, there will be disasters.
It is better to keep the middle. It is better to keep virtue in the middle, cultivate the spirit, and love the qi and hope to speak.
Although the words of the above two ancient sages have their own advantages, they fail to grasp the gist of this chapter. The key to this chapter lies in the word "Shouzhong", and if you understand the word "Shouzhong", you can not only know what it is, but also know why it is so.
1. The heavens and the earth are not kind, and all things are dogs; the saints are not kind, and the people are dogs.
1. Ren Oracle = people + two (mutual, preference), the original meaning of the word: to treat others as themselves, sympathy and tolerance, preference. The seal script inherits the oracle bone glyph. As a verb, by extension, the monarch is treated as one. As a noun, it refers to grace, delicate core, and sensitive heart. As an adjective, it is extended to refer to fraternity, charity, and tolerance. "Saying": Ren, Pro- From man, from two.
Ren, the hieroglyph embodies "two people" or "two people", which is extended to be different, different, inconsistent, unbalanced, and different, and in terms of the social relations of human beings themselves, "ren" refers to the friendly state of friendship for people who exist outside of blood relations (family and kinship).
2. Blade Oracle = 艸 (soft tender grass) + and (grasping), the original meaning of the word: collect soft tender grass, as a verb. The gold script resembles an oracle bone, and has not changed much. As a noun, refers to the tender grass fed to livestock. As an adjective, by extension, childish, naïve, young, not yet grown, immature. "Shuowen": 刍, 刈草也, like the shape of a bundle of grass.
Young, childish, young. Blade dogs, that is, young dogs, also known as grass dogs, in the Shonan Jiuling Mountains and Yumai area, the folk have always called unanited puppies "grass dogs", called calves "grass cows", called ducklings "grass ducks". This is a world away from the common misunderstanding of "sword dogs" as "grass-bound dogs" in ancient and modern commentaries on the Tao Te Ching, and a small number of scholars, when commenting on ancient Chinese characters, do not move to the aspect of sacrifice, which is a manifestation of the lack of a comprehensive understanding of Chinese civilization.
In ancient and modern Rural China, many families often liked to keep dogs. People who regularly own dogs often understand that puppies are born with their eyes closed, and it takes about seven to fifteen days to open their eyes. During this time, the puppies could not see the appearance of the mother dog, but the female dog never disliked or favored any of the puppies, and balanced the size of these dogs, that is, their own children.
The direct expression of this sentence: Heaven and earth have no partial love, and nurture all things in a balanced and comprehensive way like a female dog feeding a sword dog; the saint has no partial love and serves the people in a balanced and comprehensive way like a female dog feeding a sword dog.
The specific expression is: heaven and earth produce all things and do not distinguish between each other, do not favor one over the other, do not favor either side, and do not ask for returns from all things like a female dog feeding a puppy, a comprehensive and equal and balanced care and nurturing. The saint imitates heaven and earth and serves the people as comprehensively and equally and equally as a feeding a puppy.
The modern philosophical expression is that the movement of relative equilibrium is the objective law that exists between heaven and earth and all things, and the objective law that exists between saints and people.
Second, between heaven and earth, what is the difference between it? Void and unyielding, moving and healing.
1. Judah Oracle = vessel (like a wine bottle or oil bottle) + dog (shaped like a dog or rat), jinwen vessel changed to "chief" (wine bottle), indicating that the dog keeps the bottle, the original meaning of the word: the dog is drunk and slow to move, do not know where to go. By extension, dizzy and confused. It also extends to refer to images, similarities, and verbs. It is also extended to still, still, as an adverb.
《說文解字》: 猷, 玃 genus. From the dog, the chieftain sounds. Longxi called inuyasha a dog.
Bundles, oracle bones like a bandage on a wooden stick. After the original meaning of "bag" of "bundle" disappears, the seal text is replaced by "mouth" (bag) and "bridge", indicating the bag used to contain luggage and debris. The original meaning of the character: cloth bags and cloth bags for luggage in ancient times. The Lishu plus "clothing" is written as a "bag", highlighting the cloth characteristics of the bag. As a noun, by extension, a bag.- As a verb, by extension, it refers to the use of cloth bags. "Explanation of Words": Sac, 橐也.
This hieroglyph resembles a part of a bellows.
3. 龠 "龠" is a hieroglyph. The oracle bone is like the shape of an instrument made up of pipes, with a hole in the middle and a mouthpiece on it, or an inverted mouth on it to emphasize the blowing. After the change, it was written in letters "Gong".
The original meaning of 龠 is an ancient wind instrument. It is made of bamboo pipe arrangement, with three, six or seven holes, and the long one can be used as a dance tool. In ancient times, it was also used as a unit of capacity.
"Shubun Gongbu": "龠, The Bamboo Pipe of Joy, The Three Holes, and the Harmony Voices Also."
This hieroglyph resembles a part of the bellows, which is combined with the bridge to form a complete bellows, commonly known locally as "furnace barrel", used to beat iron blowers to help fires, and the wind is constantly generated by pushing and pulling.
4. Qu Jinwen = person (half squatting) + out (the bent branches in the growth state) indicates relative bending, which is temporarily restorable (elongated), and the original meaning of the word makes bending, opposite to "stretch", as a verb, extended to bend, not insisting, abandoning resistance, relative obedience, reasoning, wrong. As an adjective, it refers to the meaning of unpleasantness and resentment. "Explanation of Words": Qu, tailless also. "Guangyun": Qu, Qu also. "Orthographic Pass": Whoever bends and does not stretch is known to bend.
5. Moving Oracle = 彳 (running) + different (different) + stop (resting) The original meaning of the word: changing the original position or state of things, as opposed to "stop" or "static", as a verb. Adverbs indicate that this is very likely to happen, i.e. often, often. It is also extended to use, operate, act. As a noun, refers to the behavior and operation process. As a verb, it also means to shift position, to become active, to change, to touch. After the word disappeared, the word "diligent" was created instead. The original meaning of "moving": using physical weight-bearing labor. "Sayings": Moving, doing also.
①
②
6. The more (above (1)) the oracle bone is missing, the word Yu, jinwen = Yu (above (2) a canoe that travels all the way to the wind) + heart (brisk mentality), indicating that the heart is more and more happy and satisfied like a boat that is getting busier and busier. As an adjective or verb, the original meaning of the word: more and more happy, satisfied. Similarly, diarrhea + Yu = epilepsy, indicating that the disease is getting farther and farther away from itself and has recovered. As an adverb, by extension, more and more, more and more. It also refers to pleasant, stable, more, more, more... Equivalence. "Explanation of Words": Yu, the wood in the air is also a boat.
7. Out of the oracle bone = 彳 (hunting, marching and other sports) + stop (foot) + □ (city, homeland), the original meaning of the character: leave the homeland (city) hunting (marching or far away), as a verb. By extension, it means to show, to appear, to manifest, to occur. It also refers to providing, releasing, or referring to the meaning of expenditure, consumption, production, generation, transcendence, transcendence, detachment, etc. Quantifiers, referring to fans, stanzas, segments, and bureaus.
The direct expression of this sentence: Isn't the movement between heaven and earth like a moving bellows? Take the retreat as the advance, pull and push repeatedly, and the wind will continue to flow.
The specific expression is: Isn't the movement between heaven and earth like a bellows of a blowing wind? Pull and push, one retreat and one advance, pull for push, push for the next pull, retreat for advance, and advance for the next retreat. This retreat and advance are repeated continuously, and the wind can be generated. Retreat is to accumulate wind energy, and in order to generate more and more wind energy.
The expression of modern philosophy is that movement is the movement of opposites and unity, and the movement of relative balance is the objective law of the development of things.
Third, it is better to say more than to be poor, it is better to keep the middle.
1. More Oracle = Xi (small piece of meat) + Xi (large piece of meat), ancient times (primitive society), everyone can get a small part of the meat when they hit the prey, more than the amount of one part they deserve, get two or more parts, indicating "more". As a verb, the original meaning of the word: one person occupies two or more portions of meat. By extension, it refers to the meaning of having a large number, being rich, exceeding, surplus, and being the opposite of "less". As an adverb, it refers to a large number of ': excessively. As an adjective, it means excessive, massive.
2. Counting (above) The popular interpretation of the anecdote - one by one = hands, corporal punishment) + (person, representing the punished) + (now, that is, "reading", chanting with words) + (female, woman) + (攴, armed strike), indicating that the woman who has committed the mistake is verbally scolded and corporal punishment. In patriarchal societies, women are a vulnerable group that is often punished. Original meaning: enumerate faults and punish them.
In fact, the pictographic character of the number = hand (hands) + grain ear (three grains of millet or wheat), indicating that the hands are calculating how many grains of grain (wheat) and the calculation of one grain, the word image of three grains or wheat, ancient "three" means a lot. The original meaning of the word: calculate the grain one by one. As a verb, it is extended to calculate, analyze, weigh, and strategize. This is followed by the enumeration of faults and the punishment of them. Also used as a noun, it refers to the symbol of calculation and quantification. Also used as an adjective, an adverb, and extended to be multiple times, with a certain amount of but not precise isomanence.
3. Poor (pictured below) Seal text = cave (house) + lying (sleeping lazily), indicating that every day at home sleeps lazily, the field is abandoned, and there is nothing at home. As a verb, the original meaning of the word: lazy to the extreme, the family is surrounded by walls. By extension, it refers to doing everything, deducing the root cause, reaching the pole, pursuing it vigorously, and being extremely urgent. It also refers to unambitiousness, poverty, lack of possessions, and bad situation. It also refers to the remote and unbuladishable, as an adjective. Shuowen: 窮, Jiye. From the hole, bow.
4. Shou (pictured below) Jin Wen = 宀 (house) + inch (hand-held instrument), as a verb. The original meaning of the word: armed protection of the homeland, to prevent the theft and loss of property. By extension, it refers to the meaning of care, protection, maintenance, persistence, and compliance. "Explanation of Words": Shou, Shou Guan also.
5. Medium (below) An oracle bone statue stands a flag, with two flags fluttering to the left, and the square mouth represents the middle. Jin Wenqi is to the right. The original meaning of the word: not biased, not left or right, not up and down, in a balanced position. Xiao Zhen omitted the flag and wrote "Zhong" in letters after the change. The original meaning refers to the erection of the flag of "middle", to determine the direction of the wind, indicating the middle, extending to the meaning of the inner, the inner, and the center, and extending to the meaning of half, intermediary, appropriate, and conforming. It also extends the meanings of correct, heart, half, cheng, slang (agree, approve), Tibetan, surname, want, and get.
《說文解字》: Middle, inner also, from the mouth 丨, up and down through also.
Medium, represents the balance and equidistance of both ends in space and time, is the balance of static and dynamic opposite unity, as verbs, adverbs, adjectives, etc. In the language of modern philosophy, it is "dialectics." Therefore, "medium" is completely materialistic dialectical connotation.
This sentence is a direct expression: no matter how much language there is, even if you give it all, it is not as good as keeping it in the middle.
The specific expression is: cumbersome preaching, even if it is exhausted, is not as good as using a relatively balanced law of movement to analyze problems, summarize problems, and solve problems.
Modern philosophical expressions are: insist on looking at problems dialectically, and materialistic dialectics is the common universal law or method of things.
(Zheng Yubo Proofreading)