In the light I see the clothes of the universe,
So I left a face and didn't know it.
I recognize the loneliness of mankind,
Like a mother's hand in the line
Wanderer's shirt --
The garment of the universe,
Just make a lamp,
Make a birth toy for a small child,
And Don't say these many shadows.
- Abolition of name
Faced with the darkness of the night, the darkness of the universe, the darkness of the world, the darkness of the heart, surrounded by overlapping darkness, human beings light a campfire or light a lamp to seek warmth and shelter in the body and mind.
The light is like a piece of clothing, and whoever sees the light will recognize the loneliness of mankind. Poetry is also a campfire, a lamp through which we can ride through the darkness.
Written by | Three books
01 Loneliness in twilight
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《Ambition》
(Tang) Wang Ji
Donggao looked at the twilight and leaned on what he wanted.
The trees are all autumn colors, and the mountains are only falling.
Shepherds drive calves back, and hunting horses bring birds back.
Looking at each other without acquaintance, long song Huai Tse-wei.
Donggao is a hermitage after Wang Ji resigned from office, a highland by the water. This place is his hometown, it is said that in Hejin, Shanxi, it may not be called Donggao Village, from Wang Ji's poem, Donggao should be a high land near the water in the east of the village.
"Autumn Night Happy To Meet the King's Virgin" said: "The north field is gone, and the east is the same." When the autumn moon is full, it is more worth the night of the fireflies. From this poem, it can be seen that Wang Ji planted a field in Donggao, and on this day when the hoeing bean blade returned, wang was visited unexpectedly, which made him very happy. Coinciding with the full moon on the autumn night, the two sat outside the house drinking and talking, and the fireflies flew high and low. Perhaps after reading this poem, some people will say that Wang Ji's life after his retreat is happy.
Happiness, of course, is there, but it is not long-term, and long-term happiness is not called happiness. No matter how unhappy life is, there is happiness anytime and anywhere, just as a happy life is also a sadness that follows the shadows. In just one day, there are countless turbulent moods, the so-called drinkers are worried, and the singers and dancers cry.
"Wild Hope" is also on an autumn day, at dusk, Wang Ji strolls through Donggao, and on the occasion of wild hope, a strong emptiness strikes. "Leaning on what you want", the mood of this poem is not wandering between shi and hidden, out and where, not so simple. When twilight lands in the wilderness, at this time his inner loneliness is a person's great loneliness in the vast desert world, an ultimate life problem: where is my destination?
"The trees are all autumn colors, and the mountains are only falling", this is what the poet seems to see. The autumn color of the trees and the falling sun of the mountains do not make people feel tired, on the contrary, the trees and mountains are brilliant and bright, and the colors are warm and soft. "All" and "Only", all the trees, all the mountains, are like the agreed happiness, bathed in the autumn sunset.
What about people? "The shepherd drives the calves back, and the hunting horses bring the birds back." The shepherds drove the calves home, the hunters returned on horseback with their prey, and in the eyes of the poet they were happy, they had a home to return to, how peaceful life was, how purposeful and meaningful.
Seeing the shepherds and horses hunting away, the poet bowed to himself and mourned: "There is no acquaintance with each other, and the long song is huai Caiwei." Since Donggao is his hometown, after returning to seclusion and has lived for a period of time, how can he care about each other without acquaintance? There are certainly people who know each other, but there are no people who know each other, and there are no people who can talk like the virgin. Looking around, the poet's loneliness is like a diffuse twilight, and there is nothing. Career path can be discarded like a chicken rib, but is it so old in the garden for a lifetime?
He thought of those who lived in seclusion, of Boyi and Shuqi, who did not eat Zhou Su for righteousness, lived in seclusion in Shouyang Mountain, and starve to death. The taste of seclusion, the loneliness of seclusion, can only be understood by those who are truly reclusive. According to this allusion, it is believed that Wang Ji entered the Tang Dynasty since the Sui Dynasty, and his resignation and return to Cain is also "not eating Zhou Su", thus revealing this bitterness or unfairness to Li Tang in the poem. This view is not too underestimating Wang Ji, or is it too overestimated by the times? Why did he accept an invitation to become an official if he did not eat Zhou Su? Is the poet the dog of the times? In fact, the so-called era is just a beautiful sad word.
Roland Barthes said in a note that contemporaries are just out of date. True poets, in any era are out of place, and it can be said that they belong to any era, because they are more capable than others to perceive and grasp their own times, neither completely breaking with them nor trying to adapt themselves.
As for reading poetry, it is enough to feel the mood in the poem with simple humanity. The ideal reader of poetry is not a historian, not a Taoist, not even a literary scholar, but an independent and sentimental person. When a poem meets its readers, all that happens here is an aesthetic act.
Similar to Wang Ji's loneliness, I believe many people have had. I also liked to walk around the village outside the school after school, watching the second and third farmers in the fields, or pulling grass, or cutting rice. They toiled silently, wiped their sweat with their sleeves, and as the sun set, they slowly returned to the village tired and pleasant, holding a handful of mud-stained greens. The lotus hoe passed me, and they often laughed and asked: What are you doing here? Yeah, what am I doing there? I am dreaming of my idyllic dreams, but how can I speak to the simple peasants?
I think everyone is nostalgic for the life they have, and at the same time yearning for another life, a life that they dreamed of but did not try, or a life that they had but lost. More realistic than Frost's Middle Forest Road, it is not that it is not one of the two roads to choose, perhaps like Wang Ji, no matter which one is chosen, the end is either walking on several roads at the same time or not on either road.
Yuan Ni Zhan "Qi Shu Autumn Wind Map"
02 What am I doing here?
"Send du Fu under the Dunes City"
(Tang) Li Bai
I have come to hell out of the city of Dunes.
There are ancient trees on the edge of the city, and the sound of autumn is continuous.
Lu wine can not be drunk, Qi Song empty feelings.
Sijun Ruowen water, the mighty send the southern expedition.
In the autumn of 745, Li Bai and Du Fu broke up at Dongshimen in Lu County, and Du Fuxi went to Chang'an, but Li Bai did not know where he was going, where he wanted to go, and where he should go. A year earlier, he had been given gold by Emperor Xuanzong and left Chang'an, and the gates of the world had slammed shut behind him. When he traveled with Du Fu and Gao Shi to Liang and Song, he took advantage of his spirit to enter the famous mountains to visit the Dao Immortals and officially received the Dao Gong, but this ceremony did not completely convert his soul. After wandering for more than a year, the spirit gradually cooled, the reality was in front of us, where should life go?
Friends have their own lives, and no one can always accompany you. Du Fu was gone, and Li Bai'er felt the emptiness of the world. He had been living in Dune City for some days, and his previous plan to travel south to Jiangdong again was just a plan, and there was nothing that had to be done. However, what is the matter of lying in Dune City for a long time, it is not the result of the boy, and he really feels empty and tired, and even the wine cannot taste it.
"What have I come to do, high in Dune City," he asked himself, what am I doing here? In these two sentences, "lying high" has the meaning of leaving oneself idle here. A word "actually", with surprise, he seemed to be unable to remember why he had come here, and why he had stayed for so long.
The ancient trees on the edge of the city, day and night, are shivering in the autumn wind, and people are sad to hear. "There are ancient trees on the edge of the city, and the sound of the sun and the sunset is even more", in these two poems, in fact, there is more to feel, conscious and subconscious, intuitive and reminiscent, the reader knows himself. The rich connotation of the verse is like the autumn wind blowing the ancient tree, which arouses people's reverie, makes people think and cannot be said inexhaustibly.
"Lu wine can not be drunk, Qi Song empty love", Lu wine should be Li Bai's favorite wine, such as Lanling wine, in the early years of roaming Donglu, he once wrote a poem praised: "Lanling wine tulips, jade bowl to amber light." But so that the master can get drunk, do not know where is the other country. At this time, no wine was boring, and no matter how well the song was sung, it was empty, and there was no feeling after listening.
Du Fu would be fine if he were still there, Li Bai thought. Thinking like this, he thought of Du Fu. "Sijun RuowenShui, haohuang sends the southern march", Wenshui flows to the southwest, that is the direction where Chang'an is located. At this moment, his thoughts also went to Du Fu with the flowing water.
Perhaps because they have just broken up, and because they are too lonely, the poem reveals the deep feeling of missing Du Fu, and there is only one poem in Li Bai's poetry collection. Li Bai wrote a total of three poems to Du Fu, one of which was written when Donglu met, which was a ridiculous play; the other was written when Du Fu was sent off at The East Stone Gate of Lu County, and it was inevitable to say goodbye to sadness. Only this poem was written after the other poem, pouring out his thoughts about Du Fu. I miss it because I am lonely, and I am even more lonely because I miss it.
When I think about the "Farewell to Guangling Tomb", "Tie the horse to the yang, between the cup avenues." Look at the green water in the sky, and see the green mountains on the sea. Why should we be drunk and look away", what a dragon horse spirit, how free to be in the arms! Twenty years later, in the autumn breeze of Dune City, Li Bai's world faded, and his arrogance turned into a series of sighs.
Yuan Ni Zhan "Frost Ke Bamboo Stone Diagram"
03 Go to the depths of loneliness
"Night To Lumen Mountain Song"
(Tang) Meng Haoran
The mountain temple bell is already dusk, and the fishing beams are rushing to cross the noise.
The people followed the sand bank to Jiangcun, and Yu also returned to Lumen by boat.
Lumen Moon opened the smoke tree and suddenly came to Pang Gongqi's hidden place.
The rock pine path is long and lonely, and only the ghosts come and go.
Meng Haoran's home is in The Da Nang Mountains south of Xiangyang City, on the west bank of the Han River, and the Lumen Mountains are on the east bank of the Han River, across the river from the Da Nang Mountains. Before going to Chang'an at the age of forty, Haoran lived in seclusion in Da Nang Mountain for a long time, and after plotting against him, he returned from wandering in Wuyue for several years, determined to follow in the footsteps of the hermit Pang Degong at the end of the Han Dynasty, abandoning the world and living a life of seclusion. To this end, he specially set up a residence in Lumen Mountain, and from time to time he went there, and the "Song of Lumen Mountain at Night" was written at this time.
Haoran's poetry swayed with the sound of the bell, and from dusk to moonlit night, he sang all the way. The bells of the mountain temple rang, the twilight fell sharply, the fish beam crossed the head, and there was a noise of scrambling for the ferry. The poet contemplated the world like a dream, and he was also on the boat crossing the river, but not in the noise.
After crossing the river, "people follow the sand bank to Jiangcun, and Yu also returns to Lumen by boat", Pang Degong's hermitage is in Yuliangzhou in the water, and people return to their jiangcun along the sandbank, and Haoran floats away to Yuliang by boat. The tone of the poem is simple and kind, people go home together, I also return to my deer gate, the word "Yu Yi", how leisurely. Two ways of returning, each with its own interest, I do not envy people, and people do not pity me.
Abandoning the boat and landing, the moon has risen to Lumen Mountain. The smoke-filled woods, under the moon, are different, and they do not feel that they have come to the hidden place of Pound's public perch. Pang Degong was also from Xiangyang, and Liu Biao, the assassin of Jingzhou, had asked him to be an official, but soon he abandoned the official and left, taking his wife into Lumen Mountain to collect medicine, and never returned. Haoran admired Pang Gong's integrity and once remembered him in "Denglumen Mountain Huaigu": "In the past, I heard of Pang Degong, and I never returned when I collected medicine. The hidden traces still exist today, and Gao Fengmiao is far away. ”
"Rock gate pine path long lonely", mountain rock as opposite, pine forest path lonely, hidden as in the past, Pound Degong may have become a fairy, or just old dead pine stone, in short, he is gone, it is difficult to have a hermit like him in the world. Remembering Minister Pound Haoran felt lonely, an immortal kind of loneliness.
Who would come to this lonely place, except for the noble hermit? "Only the ghost comes and goes", the ghost has the figure of Pang Degong, which is also Haoran's self-condition. "Coming and going", people do not know, nor do they want others to know. At this point, Haoran had received the apocalypse and went to the depths of loneliness.
The moon rose higher, like a mirror of time, and the moonlight hung down a path, leading him away to another country he longed for.
Written by 丨 three books
Editor 丨 Zhang Jin, Xiao Shuyan
Proofreading 丨 Lucy