With the popularity of Tang Dynasty film and television works in recent years, coupled with the Chinese people's praise for the almost unified Tang Dynasty and the refutation of the fallacy of the so-called "Tang orthodoxy in Japan", a trend of imitation Tang architecture has arisen in China.
Domestic high-quality imitation Tang Dynasty architecture "Hanshan Temple Puming Pagoda"
However, because there are too few physical tang dynasty buildings, only four and all of them are single-family buildings, there are too few for reference, which directly leads to most of the so-called imitation Tang architecture is more or less mixed with the Japanese style, and some are even complete imitation of the Sun, and the phenomenon of Wu Dynasty Is serious.
Shanxi Tang built Foguang Temple
But is there really no relevant drawings and techniques for Tang Dynasty architecture in China? Of course not, in fact, China's research and construction techniques for Tang Dynasty architecture are absolutely professional, but the so-called "Tang Style" architecture in Japan is actually far from the real Tang Dynasty architecture from the inside out.
This article will distinguish the differences between Chinese and Japanese architecture with several more intuitive external differences.
One. Tang Breaks the Wind and Embraces The House
1. Tang Breaks the Wind
Japan's "breaking the wind" is a misrepresentation of China's "fighting wind". The wind board, also known as the sealing board, refers to the wide board that is fixed in the "herringbone" shaped blank space beyond the side of the building on the top of the mountain and the hanging peak, which plays the role of shielding the wind and snow and protecting the end of the column. Later, in Japan, the wind was expanded to include Yamahana, and was collectively known as "Broken Wind".
Most of japan's broken winds only play a role in indicating entrance and decoration, and can be divided into three types in general: Xuan Tang breaking wind, Xiang Tang breaking wind, and entering the mother house breaking wind (entering the mother house = the top of the mountain), which belongs to Japan and actually only has "Tang broken wind".
2. China Baoxia
"Baoxia" refers to a small house built before or after the original building, which is attached to the main house as literally "hug", and Baoxia is also called Turtle Head House (literally). In the Song Dynasty, it was common to say that "the turtle head is four out", that is, there are small houses built on all four sides of the house, which is usually used to describe the great cause of the family.
3. The difference between the two:
Tang Broken Wind is only a piece of curved convex decoration, and the Tang Broken Wind extending outward is only a gray space for the transition between the main house and the outside world, it is only an extension structure of the eaves, not a house built separately, can not be separated from the original building, and it does not have beams and arches.
From the outside, China's Baoxia is completely the shape of a house, although there are also some Baoxia does not build walls, but its beam frame, bucket arch structure are the same as the main house, and the walls of many ancient buildings in China do not play a load-bearing role.
4. Explore:
There is still controversy about whether China has Tang Broken Wind and whether Japanese Tang Broken Wind was introduced from China, but what Japan claims is original and unique to Japan, and China has indeed not found any physical and written records of "Tang Broken Wind".
However, some buildings in southern China and some ancient paintings in China have some similar buildings, and some buildings in Southeast Asia also have similar "Hu Breaking Wind", and China's roll shed holding building is also similar to it. Therefore, it is not excluded that "Tang Breaking Wind" is a magic version based on Chinese architecture. ("Roll shed" means that there is no roof ridge, and the roof is curved and connected)
Roll shed hugging the building
Although from the picture, Tang Shaofeng is very similar to the roll shed holding the building, but the actual structure of the two is not similar except that they are both arc-shaped.
Two. Partridge tail
The tail of the iris (chi) is the ridge-swallowing beast at both ends of the roof ridge, after the late Tang Dynasty began to appear a variety of ichthyosaur-like tails, because of the ridge-swallowing is also called the owl kiss, glass kiss, Japan corresponds to the "hu", produced by the Ming Dynasty, basically the shape of the tiger head fish.
Tang Dynasty Iris Tail
Originating in the Han Dynasty, it was roughly formed during the Northern Wei Dynasty, with the Sui and Tang Dynasties as a transitional stage. Due to the influence of the Tang Dynasty in China, Japan's tail has long been similar to the Tang Dynasty, but there is also a "boot-shaped" partridge tail, which is unique to Japan. The tail of the boot-shaped partridge is blunted, not pointed, and some are painted gold (there has never been a separate record of gold coating the tail in China, but this practice is actually very rare in Japan).
The upper part is a unique Japanese boot shape, and the lower part is Sui and Tang Dynasty shape
The so-called "golden partridge tail" preserved in ancient Chinese paintings is matched with the roof ridge or the overall color matching, so if there is a shoe-shaped partridge tail imitating the Tang Dynasty and also gold alone, there is no doubt that it is actually imitation of the sun.
The "golden owl tail" in ancient paintings always appears as a match, and it is yellow glass and not gilded.
Three. window
The Main Popularity of the Tang Dynasty and its precursors in China was the ling window, while Japanese architecture used lattice windows.
The straight window of the East Tower of Yakushiji Temple in Japan
Of course, China also has this kind of lattice window, but it was not a popular style in the Tang Dynasty, and the frequency of use increased during the Ming and Qing dynasties. In addition, the existing ancient buildings and murals of the Tang Dynasty are all straight windows, even in the Tang style buildings of the same period in Japan, they are mainly straight windows.
Four. rafter
Rafters (chuan) are used to present tile-weighted wooden strips, Chinese rafters are actually load-bearing, so they should be structured at the cornices and placed radially; while in Japan, because of the use of hut group structures, its rafters are only decorative, not load-bearing, so they are placed in parallel.
Interior diagram of the rafters
Rafters
Parallel to Japan
However, China also uses parallel rafters in ordinary buildings such as Hanging Mountain and Hard Mountain.
In addition, in the Chinese Dunhuang murals and some southern local folk buildings, there are also records of the use of parallel rafters in Xieshan, so the previous argument: "Tang style architecture uses parallel rafters is imitation of the sun" is not accurate, China actually has parallel rafters, but it is not the mainstream, and it is gradually abandoned by the official in the later period.
Parallel rafters of Dunhuang murals
Five. At the end of the railing handover (looking for the corner of the battle)
The Japanese railing junction is slightly cocked, while the Chinese railing junction is straight. Although there are no Tang Dynasty railings in China today, there are no slightly warped corners from the murals and liao dynasty buildings that inherited the Tang Dynasty.
Six. Torii Gate and Archway
Mention of Torii believes that everyone has an impression, as one of the symbols of Japanese culture, it can appear in almost all japanese literary creations. When it comes to arches, we should also be able to think of all kinds of Chinese arches.
In fact, the gap between the two is quite large, and generally no one will make a mistake, so it is only mentioned in passing.
Eight. Dry-column house
Dry-column houses are today's hardest hit areas of imitation Tang Dynasty. First of all, there were dry-column houses in China a long time ago, such as the Hemudu Cultural Site, and secondly, some areas in southern China (such as Yunguichuan) still have dry-column houses today.
Japanese-style dry rail house
However, the Japanese dry rail style is different from China, and the emergence of the Japanese dry rail type is the result of the interaction between the large eaves (that is, the big head house) caused by the hut group and the Japanese return to their own traditions after the suspension of the Tang envoys, and it is the mainstream style in Japan.
China Taiwan Foundation
China has always been developing in the direction of rammed earth foundations and stone foundations, except for water buildings, there are no such dry-column houses in existing Tang Dynasty murals and buildings, as well as In Liao Dynasty buildings.
Nine. Garden layout
Most of the Japanese gardens are dry landscape style, while China is mostly "one", and the abuse of dry landscape is also one of the hardest hit areas imitating the Tang Dynasty.
Dry landscapes use stone as mountains and fine sand and stone as water to create a Zen layout, but they can only be viewed from the side, and people cannot be integrated into it.
Chinese gardens emphasize the integration of nature and people, step by step, and the unity of heaven and man.
Chinese garden
China has real Tang Dynasty architecture, and China has professional Tang Dynasty building technology! But China currently lacks people who are willing to seriously restore Tang Jian. Many places imitate the Tang Dynasty and directly copy Japan, forgetting that we are the real inheritors of Datang architecture!
This article briefly introduces the more intuitive external differences, hoping to help everyone recognize some "pseudo-Tang Jian".
At the end, put a few high-quality imitation Tang Pagodas (The Japanese Tower cannot be climbed, there are macaroni columns in the middle of the Japanese Tower, and the flat seat is just decoration; while the Chinese Tower can be on the people)
The spire borrows Japanese elements, but overall it's still of quality