Ground turtle (scientific name Geomyda spengleri) also known as maple leaf turtle, black-breasted turtle, dodecagonal turtle, golden turtle; is a semi-aquatic turtle, small in size, adult dorsal carapace is only 120 mm long and 78 mm wide. Its head is light brown , its head is small , its back is smooth , its upper beak is curved , its eyes are large and extrusive , and it has pale yellow longitudinal stripes from the side of the snout to the side of the neck. The dorsal carapace is golden or orange-yellow, with three ridges in the center, and the anterior and posterior edges are toothed, a total of twelve, so it is called "twelve ridged turtles". The ventral carapace is brownish-black with pale yellow markings on both sides, the nail bridge is obvious, and the dorsal and ventral carapace is connected by a bone gap. The hind limbs are light brown with red or black markings, webbed fingers and toes, and a short tail.
Natural resources are now extremely scarce.
The yellow-throated water turtle ( scientific name : Mauremys mutica ) is a reptile of the genus Hydrographer in the family Tortoise family. It is found in Vietnam, Japan, The Island of Taiwan and the eastern, southern, Hainan, westerly Yunnan and other parts of the Chinese mainland, and is commonly found in the waters of mountain basins or river valleys in the semi-mountainous areas of the hilly area, often in the nearby small shrubs or grasses. The type origin of this species is in the Zhoushan Islands, Zhejiang.
Yellow-throated water turtle is the most primitive and oldest species of water turtle, known as the "ancient stone turtle", the national second-level protected animal, folk believe that this species of turtle and money turtle have the same feng shui effect to help breeders enhance their fortune and career luck. The biggest feature of this yellow-throated water turtle is that it has an almost all-black bottom plate. Because it is very similar to the black bottom plate of the three-line closed-shell turtle, (and the southern region only calls the three-line closed-shell turtle a money turtle), the two Cantonese folk also call this all-black bottom plate stone turtle the authentic "money bottom"
It is also one of the reasons why parts of the south refer to the yellow-throated water turtle as "stone turtle" and "stone money". Most of these "ancient stone turtles" inhabit coastal islands that drift off the mainland, or at the offshore end of the peninsula, and are rare and rare. It is mainly distributed in East Asia, South Asia, subtropical and temperate part of the low sea area. From the natural distribution of the yellow-throated water turtle, it can be seen that this species has a strong adaptability to the food, water quality and climatic environment of the habitat. The yellow-throated water turtle also has the characteristics of heat resistance, hardiness, hunger and thirst, and is one of the turtle species with extremely tenacious vitality.
This species has been included in the "List of Terrestrial Wild Animals Under National Protection beneficial or of important economic and scientific research value" issued by the State Forestry Administration of China on August 1, 2000.
The four-eyed spotted water turtle, moderate in size and timid in temperament, generally prefers to inhabit the dark places under the water, such as under stones and corners. After exposing the nostrils to the surface of the water for several consecutive breaths, lie still under the water for about 15-20 minutes. The four-eyed spotted turtle is omnivorous.
The four-eyed turtle is timid. It generally prefers to inhabit the dark places under the water, such as under stones and around the corner. After exposing the nostrils to the surface of the water for several consecutive breaths, lie still under the water for about 15-20 minutes. From April to early May every year, there is a small amount of activity at water temperature of 15 °C, and swimming in the water can be seen at about 18 °C. From June to September, as the temperature rises, the turtle's range of motion increases, and at noon it prefers to lie on the shore and stretch its limbs to dry its nails. After the frost fell in October, it gradually went into hibernation. In November, when the water temperature is 13 °C, the turtle enters hibernation and is slow to respond to touch, vibration and stimulation. In January of the following year, when the water temperature is below 10 °C, the turtle enters deep hibernation without excretion. During hibernation, the glans head is shrunk into the shell, and the limbs and tail are not retracted into the shell, lying in the deep water of the pool or under the rock crevices and grass piles on the shore. By mid-April of the following year, when the temperature rises to 18 °C, it begins to gradually awaken, often crawling slightly with its eyes open, and a few turtles eat slightly. Prefers to live in the clear streams of the mountains, eats omnivorous, prefers a warm but not hot climate, and can live in deep water for a long time.
The yellow-fronted box turtle, a key protected animal in the province, lives in hilly mountains and shallow water areas, and is mainly carnivorous bait. The requirements for ambient temperature are high and the adaptability is poor. The motifs on its dorsal armor may have extremely rich colors. The yellow-fronted box turtle is a beautiful and distinctive turtle. The motifs on the dorsal carapace may be extremely colorful, but most are brown areas at the vertebral shield, with cream-colored lines from the center down. Rib shields are brightly pale brown and may have mottled patterns. The edge shield is a contrasting dark brown. The ventral carapace is mostly black or dark brown. The head is light colored (cream, yellow, green or off-white) and may have narrow black stripes on either side. The jaw and under the neck are bright pale yellow. The difference between male and female is not obvious, but in general, the tail of the male turtle is slightly thicker. The shell is about 10 to 18 cm long. The head is medium, the top of the head is smooth, and the upper jaw margin is straight and not curved. The dorsal carapace is high and long, the shell height is one-half the length of the shell, and the dorsal edge is obvious. The ventral carapace is large and flat, with rounded anteroposterior margins and no concave defects. Single shield with no longitudinal groove. The ventral carapace is connected to the dorsal carapace and the anterior and posterior lobes of the ventral carapace, and the two lobes of the ventral carapace can be completely closed upwards to the dorsal carapace. Half-webs between the fingers and toes. Short tail.
Yellow-edged closed-shell turtle is also known as yellow-edged box turtle. Common name: splint turtle, snake turtle, broken plate turtle; English name: Chinese Box Turtle; Yellow-margined Box Turtle; CITES Appendix: II.; IUCN Red List: EN (2000); Turtle Family, Genus Closed-Shelled Turtle. It is mainly distributed in southern China, Japan and other regions, and is widely distributed.
The limbs are slightly flattened. The anterior margin of the forelimb is covered with large, rounded scales of the compound tiles. Slightly webbing between the fingers and toes, with blunt claws. 5 claws for the forelimbs and 4 claws for the hind limbs. The tail is short , with warts at the base of the tail and posterior to the strand. The male has a long tail and a strong spinous wart at the base of the tail. The back of the head is olive green, the snout is lemon yellow, the eyelids and iris, tympanic membrane are yellow, and the pupils are black. The corners of the eyes are backwards, and there are fine golden yellow lines along the back of the head. The side of the head and pharynx and chin are orange-yellow. The back of the body is brownish red , and the edges of each shield are darker. The ridge is yellowish brown, the ventral carapace is brownish black, only the outer edge of the dorsal carapace and the ventral surface of the rim shield, and the outer edge of the ventral carapace are bright beige, hence the name.
Saw-edge turtles are commonly known as octagonal turtles, octagonal turtles, square turtles, body length: 130 ~ 170mm, suitable temperature 22-30 ° C.
Scientific name: Cuora mouhotii (Gray, 1862); It is mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan provinces. Distributed in Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia and other countries, saw-edged turtles mainly inhabit the hilly mountains of tropical and subtropical regions, live in a relatively humid environment, and like to find snails, worms, insects and other foods in the humus-rich coat layers under the shade. Generally not too far from the water source, there is a habit of drinking water regularly. Saw-edged turtles are classified as semi-aquatic turtles and are recognized as the most semi-aquatic turtles, and it is also suggested that it is more appropriate to classify them as tortoises. In fact, the division of turtles mainly depends on their dependence on water and land. Saw-edged turtles live in scrub jungles in the mountains, which are generally far from water sources and have relatively low humidity.
There are very few species of aquatic turtles that can live in the water for a long time, and the vast majority of species alternately live in the water, on the islands in the water and on the shore grasslands, can not live on land for a long time, can not live in the water for a long time, and the flexibility of their tongues is much worse than that of semi-aquatic turtles and tortoises, and they must be ingested in water, otherwise it is difficult to swallow or cannot be swallowed, and the food is basically swallowed. The feeding of semi-aquatic turtles and tortoises is completely carried out on land, the tongue is more flexible, the food is crushed and swallowed, and the saw-edged turtle belongs to this feeding method. Through careful observation, it was found that its feeding method was more similar to that of tortoises, which were ingested entirely on land, while the feeding of semi-aquatic turtles, although not dependent on water, depended on environmental humidity and generally ate in a wetter environment.
Endangered Status: Chinese Species Red List: EN, IUCN Red List: EN (2000); Type of Protection: CITES Appendix: II.
The gold-headed closed-shell turtle (scientific name: Cuora aurocapitata) belongs to the turtle family, the genus of closed-shell turtles, commonly known as golden-headed turtles, stone money and so on. It is a turtle species endemic to China. At present, it is only known to be distributed in southern Anhui such as Nanling, Yixian, Guangde and Jingxian in Anhui. It inhabits ravines or ponds with clearer water quality in hilly areas, and is also commonly found in bushes and grasses not far from the water. Mainly animal food, eating a small number of plants, will hibernate. The spawning period is from the end of July to the beginning of August, and the spawn is produced in two parts, each time laying 2 pieces. It is used to cultivate green turtles.
The dorsal carapace of the gold-headed closed-shelled turtle is more raised and the ridge is flatter, with a pronounced ridge. The head is golden yellow with a slight yellowish-brown color on the side of the head, with three black lines. The back of the body is dark brown, and the shields are dark in color at the junction. The second to fourth and fifth vertebral shields are brownish red; the ventral carapace is yellow, and the left and right shields have large, basically symmetrical black spots. The dark spots on the anterior lobe of the abdominal nail and at the anus and femoral shield are particularly pronounced. The five large black spots of the anterior lobe form a plum blossom shape, or the black spots on the humerus and thoracic shield slits are connected into a wide transverse band. The posterior end of the abdominal carapace is slightly absent, and its anterior and posterior lobes, as well as the dorsal and abdominal carapaces are connected by ligaments, and the anterior and posterior ventral carapaces can be closed upwards.
The wild natural resources of the golden-headed closed-shelled turtle are extremely scarce, and it is estimated that the total number of wild survival and domestic rearing in the country may not exceed 1,000 at present.
The Baise Closed-ShellEd Turtle (scientific name: Cuora mccordi), turtle turtle order, turtle reptile. The dorsal carapace is about 130 mm long. The dorsal carapace is raised, with a low ridge in the midline; the ventral carapace is larger, the anterior and posterior halves of the ventral carapace can be completely closed in the dorsal carapace, the inguinal shield groove is the longest, the humeral shield groove is the shortest, and the shield groove is intact. The dorsal carapace is reddish brown with a high bulge and a pronounced ridge, the ventral carapace is almost entirely black, the outer edge is yellowish-white, and the limbs and tail are pink or reddish-brown.
Endemic to China. Distributed in Guangxi Baise, abroad.
The dorsal carapace is more uplifted: the ridge ridge is most obvious at the 2 to 4 vertebral shield; the first vertebral shield extends to both sides, not exceeding the shield gap between the first and second shields; the posterior edge of the abdominal nail has a shallow concave, and the shield seam is complete. The head is yellow , with a pale green on the back of the head , with a black-rimmed orange-yellow posterior orbital stripe ; the soft parts of the body vary between yellow and orange; the dorsal carapace is reddish brown ; and the ventral carapace is yellow , with a large black spot that covers almost most of the ventral carapace
The Baise closed-shell turtle is now a critically endangered species
Pan's closed-shell turtle (scientific name: Cuora pani) is a unique turtle in China, belonging to the reptiles, turtle turtles, freshwater turtle family, closed-shell turtle genus, was first discovered in 1981 in Xujiaba, Pingli County, Shaanxi Province, in 1984 Mr. Song Mingtao in honor of Professor Pan Zhongguo of the Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, named Pan's closed-shell turtle with his surname. This species is a grade II key protected wild animal in China and is classified as "critically endangered (CR)".
Pan's closed-shelled turtle lives in mountain streams and rock crevices in hilly areas. It feeds on small animals such as insects, small fish, and small shrimp. According to the habits of Pan's closed-shell turtle and the requirements for temperature and bait, it is generally easy to raise. The temperature can be eaten normally at 20 degrees, the most suitable for 18-30 degrees, around 15 degrees, there is no food or less food, below 10 degrees into hibernation, it is best to move it indoors during hibernation, you can safely overwinter.
Flat-breasted turtle (scientific name: Platysternon megacephalum), genus turtle turtle, flat-breasted turtle family, flat-breasted turtle genus. Common names: hawk-billed turtle, big-headed turtle, eagle turtle, etc. The dorsal carapace of adult turtles is about 12 to 18 cm long and oblong-oval. The shell of the turtle is flattened, the head and tail are long, and it cannot be retracted into the shell. The dorsal nails are brownish yellow, brown, black, dark green, etc., and the color of the dorsal nails is related to the place of origin, environment, and water quality. The tail length is almost equal to the body length. There are half-webs between the toes, which is both good for crawling on land and easy to swim in the water.
Flat-breasted turtles are amphibious and prefer to live in mountain streams full of boulders and gravel, with fast waters. It feeds mainly on snails, clams, shellfish, shrimp, fish, crabs, frogs, insects and snails, and also eats leaves and grass roots when hungry. Sexual maturity begins in about four years, and eggs are laid from April to October. Mainly distributed in the south of China, it is the most special kind of freshwater turtle in China, and is distributed in Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand and Myanmar. It is extremely rare in the wild, the body is extremely flat, the head is large, and it cannot shrink into a human shell. The back of the head is covered with a complete shield. The upper and lower jaws are curved and have a strong beak. The tail is long, almost equal to the length of the body, covered with rectangular scales arranged in a ring.